The global challenge of iron deficiency \u2013 and why scientists can't agree if supplements are the answer<\/title><meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The global challenge of iron deficiency \u2013 and why scientists can't agree if supplements are the answer\"\/><meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"The global challenge of iron deficiency \u2013 and why scientists can't agree if supplements are the answer\"\/><meta name=\"description\" content=\"A lack of this vital nutrient is one of the world's leading causes of disability \u2013 but exactly when it becomes a problem, and the best way to treat it, remains unclear.\"\/><meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A lack of this vital nutrient is one of the world's leading causes of disability \u2013 but exactly when it becomes a problem, and the best way to treat it, remains unclear.\"\/><meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"A lack of this vital nutrient is one of the world's leading causes of disability \u2013 but exactly when it becomes a problem, and the best way to treat it, remains unclear.\"\/><meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ychef.files.bbci.co.uk\/624x351\/p0kxplym.jpg\"\/><meta name=\"twitter:image:src\" content=\"https:\/\/ychef.files.bbci.co.uk\/624x351\/p0kxplym.jpg\"\/><meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\"\/><meta property=\"og:image:alt\" content=\"Red blood cells as seen under a microscope (Credit: Getty Images)\"\/><meta name=\"twitter:image:alt\" content=\"Red blood cells as seen under a microscope (Credit: Getty Images)\"\/><meta name=\"msapplication-TileColor\" content=\"#da532c\"\/><meta name=\"theme-color\" content=\"#ffffff\"\/><meta name=\"robots\" content=\"NOODP, NOYDIR\"\/><meta name=\"apple-itunes-app\" content=\"app-id=364147881, app-argument=https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\"\/><link rel=\"apple-touch-icon\" sizes=\"180x180\" href=\"\/bbcx\/apple-touch-icon.png\"\/><link rel=\"icon\" type=\"image\/png\" sizes=\"32x32\" href=\"\/bbcx\/favicon-32x32.png\"\/><link rel=\"icon\" type=\"image\/png\" sizes=\"16x16\" href=\"\/bbcx\/favicon-16x16.png\"\/><link rel=\"alternate icon\" href=\"\/bbcx\/favicon.ico\"\/><link rel=\"manifest\" href=\"\/bbcx\/site.webmanifest\"\/><link rel=\"mask-icon\" href=\"\/bbcx\/safari-pinned-tab.svg\" color=\"#000000\"\/><link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\"\/><meta name=\"version\" content=\"2.16.1+2\"\/><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"headline\":\"The global challenge of iron deficiency \u2013 and why scientists can't agree if supplements are the answer\",\"description\":\"A lack of this vital nutrient is one of the world's leading causes of disability \u2013 but exactly when it becomes a problem, and the best way to treat it, remains unclear.\",\"image\":[\"https:\/\/ychef.files.bbci.co.uk\/1280x720\/p0kxplym.jpg\"],\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-13T10:00:00.000Z\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-13T10:15:08.317Z\",\"author\":{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Amanda Ruggeri\",\"url\":\"\"},\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"BBC\"}}<\/script><meta property=\"al:ios:url\" content=\"bbcx:\/\/future\/article\/20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\"\/><meta property=\"al:ios:app_store_id\" content=\"364147881\"\/><meta property=\"al:ios:app_name\" content=\"BBC: World News & Stories\"\/><meta property=\"al:android:url\" content=\"bbcx:\/\/future\/article\/20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\"\/><meta property=\"al:android:app_name\" content=\"BBC: World News & Stories\"\/><meta property=\"al:android:package\" content=\"bbc.mobile.news.ww\"\/><meta property=\"al:web:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bbc.com\/future\/article\/20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\"\/><meta name=\"cXenseParse:pageclass\" content=\"article\"\/><meta name=\"cXenseParse:publishtime\" content=\"2025-03-13T10:00:00.000Z\"\/><meta name=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-13T10:00:00.000Z\"\/><meta property=\"cXenseParse:author\" content=\"Amanda Ruggeri\"\/><meta name=\"next-head-count\" content=\"37\"\/><script id=\"inline-dotcom\" async=\"\" data-nscript=\"beforeInteractive\">window.dotcom = window.dotcom || { cmd: [] };\n window.dotcom.ads = window.dotcom.ads || {\n resolves: {enabled: [], getAdTag: []},\n enabled: () => new Promise(r => window.dotcom.ads.resolves.enabled.push(r)),\n getAdTag: () => new Promise(r => window.dotcom.ads.resolves.getAdTag.push(r))\n };\n setTimeout(() => {\n if(window.dotcom.ads.resolves){\n window.dotcom.ads.resolves.enabled.forEach(r => r(false));\n window.dotcom.ads.resolves.getAdTag.forEach(r => r(\"\"));\n window.dotcom.ads.enabled = () => new Promise(r => r(false));\n window.dotcom.ads.getAdTag = () => new Promise(r => r(\"\"));\n console.error(\"NGAS load timeout\");\n }\n }, 5000)<\/script><script id=\"inline-dotcom-config\" async=\"\" data-nscript=\"beforeInteractive\">window.dotcom = window.dotcom || { cmd: [] }; window.dotcomConfig = {\"gptRequested\":true,\"pageAds\":true,\"playerAds\":true,\"xPlatform\":true,\"allowAdvertising\":true,\"opsFlags\":{\"Metadata\":{\"FlagpoleBucketPrefix\":\"\",\"FlagpoleDate\":\"31 Jul 24 08:19 UTC\",\"FlagpoleFileID\":\"gn-flagpoles\/gnlops\",\"FlagpoleIdentity\":\"gnlops\",\"FlagpoleSystem\":\"gn-flagpoles\",\"Guid\":\"8dfe60a2-4322-411c-8a71-04dc7084fec4\",\"urn\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnflagpoles:gnlops:gn-flagpoles\/gnlops\"},\"Urn\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnflagpoles:gnlops:gn-flagpoles\/gnlops\",\"adverts\":\"true\",\"analytics\":\"true\",\"wwhp_feeds\":\"true\",\"wwhp_obituary\":\"false\",\"xproxy\":\"false\",\"zephr\":\"false\",\"zephrx\":\"true\"},\"ngasFlags\":{\"Metadata\":{\"FlagpoleBucketPrefix\":\"\",\"FlagpoleDate\":\"03 Feb 25 09:02 UTC\",\"FlagpoleFileID\":\"gn-flagpoles\/ngas\",\"FlagpoleIdentity\":\"ngas\",\"FlagpoleSystem\":\"gn-flagpoles\",\"Guid\":\"e229d810-0dcd-45f0-a61b-ff6a4178aff7\",\"urn\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnflagpoles:ngas:gn-flagpoles\/ngas\"},\"Urn\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnflagpoles:ngas:gn-flagpoles\/ngas\",\"aps\":\"true\",\"banner\":\"true\",\"beta\":\"true\",\"brandmetrics\":\"false\",\"cmp\":\"true\",\"comscoremmx\":\"true\",\"comscoremmxeea\":\"true\",\"content_rec\":\"true\",\"covatic\":\"true\",\"covatic_admeta\":\"true\",\"doubleverify\":\"true\",\"fedid\":\"true\",\"fedid_all\":\"true\",\"fedid_google\":\"true\",\"fedid_permutive\":\"true\",\"fedid_piano\":\"true\",\"fedid_signed\":\"true\",\"fpd\":\"true\",\"gpp\":\"true\",\"grapeshot\":\"false\",\"ias_publisher\":\"false\",\"load_gpt\":\"true\",\"name\":\"ngas\",\"native_size\":\"true\",\"newadunit\":\"true\",\"newkeys\":\"true\",\"nielsen\":\"true\",\"ozone\":\"true\",\"permutive\":\"true\",\"permutive_cohort\":\"true\",\"piano\":\"false\",\"speedcurve\":\"true\",\"spo\":\"true\",\"survey\":\"true\",\"surveyx\":\"true\",\"tmt_media_filter\":\"true\",\"version\":\"1.28\"},\"pageData\":{\"pageProps\":{\"ad_enabled\":true,\"content_pillar\":\"Innovation\",\"content_type\":\"article\",\"language\":\"en-gb\",\"page\":\"future.article.20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements.page\",\"page_chapter1\":\"future\",\"producer\":\"GNL_FUTURE\",\"page_chapter2\":\"article\",\"page_chapter3\":\"20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\",\"content_section\":\"Future\",\"content_id\":\"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:future\/article\/20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\",\"content_topic\":\"Health, Human body, Chemistry, Biology, Science, Features\",\"date_published\":\"2025-03-13T10:00:00.000Z\",\"date_modified\":\"2025-03-13T10:00:00.000Z\",\"article_word_count\":2560,\"page_title\":\"The global challenge of iron deficiency \u2013 and why scientists can't agree if supplements are the answer\",\"reader_mode_enabled\":false,\"destination\":\"BBCS_BBC_TEST\",\"referrer_url\":\"\"},\"destination\":[],\"topics\":[{\"isEvent\":true,\"title\":\"Health\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/health\"},{\"isEvent\":false,\"title\":\"Human body\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/humanbody\"},{\"isEvent\":false,\"title\":\"Chemistry\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/chemistry\"},{\"isEvent\":false,\"title\":\"Biology\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/biology\"},{\"isEvent\":false,\"title\":\"Science\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/science\"},{\"isEvent\":false,\"title\":\"Features\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/features\"}],\"collection\":[],\"section\":[{\"title\":\"Future\",\"url\":\"\/future\"}],\"pillar\":[{\"title\":\"Innovation\",\"url\":\"\/innovation\"}],\"urn\":\"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:future\/article\/20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\",\"type\":\"article\"}};<\/script><script id=\"inline-analytics\" async=\"\" data-nscript=\"beforeInteractive\">window.analytics = window.analytics || { echoClient: null, buffer:[], checkForAdBlocker:true, data: null };<\/script><link rel=\"preload\" href=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/css\/2ca6241c47b04a76.css\" as=\"style\"\/><link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/css\/2ca6241c47b04a76.css\" data-n-p=\"\"\/><noscript data-n-css=\"\"><\/noscript><script defer=\"\" nomodule=\"\" src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/polyfills-c67a75d1b6f99dc8.js\"><\/script><script id=\"requirejs-script\" src=\"https:\/\/static.bbci.co.uk\/frameworks\/requirejs\/0.13.0\/sharedmodules\/require.js\" async=\"\" type=\"text\/javascript\" defer=\"\" data-nscript=\"beforeInteractive\"><\/script><script id=\"optimizely-script\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.optimizely.com\/public\/4621041136\/s\/bbcx_prod.js\" async=\"\" type=\"text\/javascript\" defer=\"\" data-nscript=\"beforeInteractive\"><\/script><script id=\"piano-script\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tinypass.com\/api\/tinypass.min.js\" async=\"\" type=\"text\/javascript\" defer=\"\" data-nscript=\"beforeInteractive\"><\/script><script id=\"inline-googletag\" src=\"https:\/\/securepubads.g.doubleclick.net\/tag\/js\/gpt.js\" async=\"\" type=\"text\/javascript\" defer=\"\" data-nscript=\"beforeInteractive\">window.googletag = window.googletag || { cmd: [] };<\/script><script id=\"ads-service-script\" src=\"https:\/\/gn-web-assets.api.bbc.com\/ngas\/latest\/dotcom-bootstrap.js\" async=\"\" type=\"module\" defer=\"\" data-nscript=\"beforeInteractive\"><\/script><script id=\"bump-script\" src=\"https:\/\/emp.bbci.co.uk\/emp\/bump-4\/bump-4.js\" async=\"\" type=\"text\/javascript\" defer=\"\" data-nscript=\"beforeInteractive\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/webpack-6e746e892911d67e.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/framework-98e6f5bc52a2e411.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/main-3838744298e667de.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/pages\/_app-4bb9d65f972be1df.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/63-48d5390b87110d75.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/183-0ef848ed275e257e.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/931-d32ea2449381bfab.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/613-64158ca677d7409d.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/857-39df14a43b03765a.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/353-6b4dc5839b23af94.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/pages\/%5B%5B...slug%5D%5D-6f578393482ae32e.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/NBZWyAsf3cVuolCnoiTKC\/_buildManifest.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/NBZWyAsf3cVuolCnoiTKC\/_ssgManifest.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><style>@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-display:block;font-weight:300;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_Lt.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-display:block;font-weight:400;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_Rg.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-display:block;font-weight:500;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_Md.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-display:block;font-weight:700;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_Bd.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-display:block;font-weight:900;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_ExBd.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-display:block;font-weight:300;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_LtIt.woff2) format('woff2');font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-display:block;font-weight:400;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_It.woff2) format('woff2');font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-display:block;font-weight:500;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_MdIt.woff2) format('woff2');font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-display:block;font-weight:700;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_BdIt.woff2) format('woff2');font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-display:block;font-weight:900;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_ExBdIt.woff2) format('woff2');font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:ReithSans;font-display:block;font-weight:300;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_Lt.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:ReithSans;font-display:block;font-weight:400;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_Rg.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:ReithSans;font-display:block;font-weight:500;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_Md.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:ReithSans;font-display:block;font-weight:700;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_Bd.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:ReithSans;font-display:block;font-weight:900;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_ExBd.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:ReithSerif;font-display:block;font-weight:300;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_Lt.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:ReithSerif;font-display:block;font-weight:400;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_Rg.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:ReithSerif;font-display:block;font-weight:500;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_Md.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:ReithSerif;font-display:block;font-weight:700;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_Bd.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:ReithSerif;font-display:block;font-weight:900;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_ExBd.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Serif';font-display:block;font-weight:300;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_Lt.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Serif';font-display:block;font-weight:400;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_Rg.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Serif';font-display:block;font-weight:500;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_Md.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Serif';font-display:block;font-weight:700;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_Bd.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Serif';font-display:block;font-weight:900;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_ExBd.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Serif';font-display:block;font-weight:300;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_LtIt.woff2) format('woff2');font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Serif';font-display:block;font-weight:400;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_It.woff2) format('woff2');font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Serif';font-display:block;font-weight:500;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_MdIt.woff2) format('woff2');font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Serif';font-display:block;font-weight:700;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_BdIt.woff2) format('woff2');font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Serif';font-display:block;font-weight:900;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_ExBdIt.woff2) format('woff2');font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:'Freight Disp Light';font-display:swap;src:url(\/bbcx\/Freight_Disp_Light.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:BBCReithSans-fallback;size-adjust:103%;ascent-override:normal;src:local('Arial')}@font-face{font-family:BBCReithSans-fallback;font-weight:500;size-adjust:96%;ascent-override:normal;src:local('Arial Bold')}@font-face{font-family:BBCReithSerif-fallback;size-adjust:120%;ascent-override:75%;src:local('Times New Roman')}@font-face{font-family:BBCReithSerif-fallback;font-weight:500;size-adjust:110%;ascent-override:75%;src:local('Times New Roman Bold')}\n <\/style><style data-styled=\"\" data-styled-version=\"5.3.11\">.cOpVbP{width:100%;object-fit:contain;position:absolute;}\/*!sc*\/\n.efFcac{width:100%;object-fit:contain;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g1[id=\"sc-a34861b-0\"]{content:\"cOpVbP,efFcac,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jxzoZC{position:relative;line-height:0;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g2[id=\"sc-a34861b-1\"]{content:\"jxzoZC,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hesJxn{display:block;color:#e6e8ea;position:absolute;bottom:0;right:0;padding:4px 8px;gap:10px;background-color:#202224;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.12px;letter-spacing:-0.12px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g3[id=\"sc-a34861b-2\"]{content:\"hesJxn,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.cCvcou{display:block;fill:currentcolor;}\/*!sc*\/\n.itfIsL{display:block;height:28px;fill:currentcolor;max-width:initial;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.itfIsL{height:26px;max-width:248px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.itfIsL{height:26px;max-width:248px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g6[id=\"sc-735e4804-0\"]{content:\"cCvcou,itfIsL,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.beCbGD{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}\/*!sc*\/\n.beCbGD svg,.beCbGD img{width:24px;height:24px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.IaJUO{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}\/*!sc*\/\n.IaJUO svg,.IaJUO img{width:24px;height:24px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.IaJUO svg,.IaJUO img{width:unset;height:unset;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.IaJUO{-webkit-transform:scale(1.2);-ms-transform:scale(1.2);transform:scale(1.2);}}\/*!sc*\/\n.dMpdqo{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:14px;height:14px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dMpdqo svg,.dMpdqo img{width:24px;height:24px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g7[id=\"sc-48d6da7e-0\"]{content:\"beCbGD,IaJUO,dMpdqo,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.eihkAj{white-space:nowrap;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g8[id=\"sc-48d6da7e-1\"]{content:\"eihkAj,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hsIsEs{cursor:pointer;font-weight:500;border:2px solid transparent;outline:2px solid transparent;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-column-gap:9.3px;column-gap:9.3px;row-gap:9.3px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;box-sizing:border-box;padding:6px 12px 6px 12px;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:16px;line-height:18px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dhvNxi{cursor:pointer;font-weight:500;border:2px solid transparent;outline:2px solid transparent;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-column-gap:4px;column-gap:4px;row-gap:4px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.oYtVL{cursor:pointer;font-weight:500;border:2px solid transparent;outline:2px solid transparent;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse;-webkit-column-gap:4px;column-gap:4px;row-gap:4px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;box-sizing:border-box;padding:6px 8px;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.iQJDhl{cursor:pointer;font-weight:500;border:2px solid transparent;outline:2px solid transparent;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse;-webkit-column-gap:9.3px;column-gap:9.3px;row-gap:9.3px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;box-sizing:border-box;padding:6px 12px 6px 12px;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:16px;line-height:18px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g9[id=\"sc-48d6da7e-2\"]{content:\"hsIsEs,dhvNxi,oYtVL,iQJDhl,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hCTSNW{position:relative;background-color:#000000;color:#ffffff;border-color:#000000;outline-color:#000000;}\/*!sc*\/\n.hCTSNW:hover{background-color:#3a3c3e;border-color:#3a3c3e;outline-color:#3a3c3e;}\/*!sc*\/\n.hCTSNW:focus{outline:2px solid #3a3c3e;border:2px solid #3a3c3e;}\/*!sc*\/\n.hCTSNW:active{background-color:#545658;color:#ffffff;border-color:#545658;outline-color:#545658;}\/*!sc*\/\n.hCTSNW:disabled,.hCTSNW[disabled]{cursor:not-allowed;background-color:#d2d4d6;color:#8a8c8e;outline-color:#d2d4d6;border-color:#d2d4d6;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g10[id=\"sc-48d6da7e-3\"]{content:\"hCTSNW,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.dRvUPz{background-color:transparent;color:#000000;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dRvUPz:hover{background-color:#3a3c3e;color:#ffffff;border:2px solid #3a3c3e;outline:2px solid #3a3c3e;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dRvUPz:focus{color:#ffffff;background-color:#3a3c3e;outline-color:#3a3c3e;border-color:#3a3c3e;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dRvUPz:active{background-color:#545658;color:#ffffff;outline-color:#545658;border-color:#545658;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dRvUPz:disabled,.dRvUPz[disabled]{cursor:not-allowed;background-color:transparent;color:#d2d4d6;outline-color:transparent;border-color:transparent;}\/*!sc*\/\n.cCYQUA{background-color:transparent;color:#000000;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;}\/*!sc*\/\n.cCYQUA:hover{background-color:#3a3c3e;color:#ffffff;border:2px solid #3a3c3e;outline:2px solid #3a3c3e;}\/*!sc*\/\n.cCYQUA:focus{color:#ffffff;background-color:#3a3c3e;outline-color:#3a3c3e;border-color:#3a3c3e;}\/*!sc*\/\n.cCYQUA:active{background-color:#545658;color:#ffffff;outline-color:#545658;border-color:#545658;}\/*!sc*\/\n.cCYQUA:disabled,.cCYQUA[disabled]{cursor:not-allowed;background-color:transparent;color:#d2d4d6;outline-color:transparent;border-color:transparent;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g12[id=\"sc-48d6da7e-5\"]{content:\"dRvUPz,cCYQUA,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.dXDmtS{border:none;outline:none;-webkit-column-gap:6px;column-gap:6px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#000000;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dXDmtS:hover{background-color:inherit;border:none;outline:none;color:#000000;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dXDmtS:focus,.dXDmtS:active{text-shadow:0.25px 0 0.1px,-0.25px 0 0.1px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:inherit;color:#000000;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dXDmtS:disabled{pointer-events:none;color:#d2d4d6;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){}\/*!sc*\/\n.kItbpD{padding-left:0;padding-right:0;border:none;outline:none;-webkit-column-gap:6px;column-gap:6px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#000000;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.kItbpD:hover{background-color:inherit;border:none;outline:none;color:#000000;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.kItbpD:focus,.kItbpD:active{text-shadow:0.25px 0 0.1px,-0.25px 0 0.1px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:inherit;color:#000000;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.kItbpD:disabled{pointer-events:none;color:#d2d4d6;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g13[id=\"sc-48d6da7e-6\"]{content:\"dXDmtS,kItbpD,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.ifUzfO{background-color:#00000033;display:none;visibility:hidden;top:0px;position:fixed;border:none;width:100%;bottom:0;display:grid;place-items:center;z-index:5000;}\/*!sc*\/\n.ifUzfO *{z-index:5000;}\/*!sc*\/\n.irQldJ{background-color:#00000033;display:none;visibility:hidden;top:0px;position:fixed;border:none;width:100%;bottom:0;z-index:3000;}\/*!sc*\/\n.irQldJ *{z-index:3000;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g21[id=\"sc-3192fecd-0\"]{content:\"ifUzfO,irQldJ,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.cxUgbQ{margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw);}\/*!sc*\/\n.cxUgbQ .dotcom-ad.active{border-top:1px solid #545658!important;border-bottom:1px solid #545658!important;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:5px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.bFAJrO{margin-bottom:0px;height:278px;background-color:rgb(248,248,248);margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw);}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.bFAJrO{height:118px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.bFAJrO{height:78px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.bFAJrO .dotcom-ad.active{border-top:1px solid #545658!important;border-bottom:1px solid #545658!important;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:5px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.kuYBMG{margin-bottom:24px;margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw);}\/*!sc*\/\n.kuYBMG .dotcom-ad.active{border-top:1px solid #545658!important;border-bottom:1px solid #545658!important;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:5px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g22[id=\"sc-eb24677f-0\"]{content:\"cxUgbQ,bFAJrO,kuYBMG,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gILusN{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;color:unset;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g24[id=\"sc-2e6baa30-0\"]{content:\"gILusN,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.dBUlMZ{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:0;left:0;right:0;height:65px;background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e8ea;z-index:4000;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dBUlMZ *{z-index:4000;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g47[id=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-0\"]{content:\"dBUlMZ,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.eCirE{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:12px 16px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g48[id=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-1\"]{content:\"eCirE,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jvZnqG{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;}\/*!sc*\/\n.jvZnqG svg{height:30px;width:auto;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g49[id=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-2\"]{content:\"jvZnqG,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.eTbKet{width:32px;height:32px;cursor:pointer;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;background-color:#ffffff;}\/*!sc*\/\n.eTbKet:hover{background-color:transparent;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g50[id=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-3\"]{content:\"eTbKet,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hGNtcn{margin-left:16px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g51[id=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-4\"]{content:\"hGNtcn,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.cYRsBO{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:start;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g52[id=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-5\"]{content:\"cYRsBO,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.crChL{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;height:32px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g53[id=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-6\"]{content:\"crChL,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.kMdlAO{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:end;gap:20px;height:40px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g54[id=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-7\"]{content:\"kMdlAO,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hYxbtM{margin-top:29px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.hYxbtM{margin-top:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.hYxbtM{margin-top:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g55[id=\"sc-19b1eb93-0\"]{content:\"hYxbtM,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.fwyFkM{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-column-gap:16px;column-gap:16px;row-gap:18px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.fwyFkM{-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;row-gap:24px;-webkit-column-gap:0;column-gap:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.fwyFkM{-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;row-gap:24px;-webkit-column-gap:0;column-gap:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g56[id=\"sc-19b1eb93-1\"]{content:\"fwyFkM,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.bqtBci{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;position:relative;color:#000000;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.bqtBci:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g57[id=\"sc-19b1eb93-2\"]{content:\"bqtBci,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.cUeFDY{margin-top:21px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.cUeFDY{margin-top:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.cUeFDY{margin-top:40px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.cUeFDY{margin-top:40px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g58[id=\"sc-b310c64c-0\"]{content:\"cUeFDY,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gyQHkZ{position:relative;margin-right:16px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g59[id=\"sc-b310c64c-1\"]{content:\"gyQHkZ,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.cJfGSm{cursor:pointer;height:44px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:6px 12px;background-color:#e6e8ea;color:#202224;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.cJfGSm:hover{background-color:#d2d4d6;}\/*!sc*\/\n.cJfGSm[disabled]{cursor:auto;color:#8a8c8e;background-color:#d2d4d6;}\/*!sc*\/\n.cJfGSm:active{background-color:#e6e8ea;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g60[id=\"sc-b310c64c-2\"]{content:\"cJfGSm,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.iqAXuG{width:24px;height:24px;margin-left:4.5px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;color:#000000;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g61[id=\"sc-b310c64c-3\"]{content:\"iqAXuG,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.iNEkxQ{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:16px 0;border-top:1px solid #e6e8ea;padding-top:16px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.iNEkxQ{-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g67[id=\"sc-97754ce7-0\"]{content:\"iNEkxQ,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.friRUH{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-size:16px;line-height:20px;font-weight:500;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-right:40px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.friRUH{margin-bottom:16px;margin-right:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g68[id=\"sc-97754ce7-1\"]{content:\"friRUH,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gRRybj{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:16px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}\/*!sc*\/\n.gRRybj button{width:24px;height:24px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.gRRybj button{width:28px;height:28px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g69[id=\"sc-97754ce7-2\"]{content:\"gRRybj,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hmVYPm{position:relative;}\/*!sc*\/\n.hmVYPm:hover{outline:1px solid #3a3c3e;}\/*!sc*\/\n.hmVYPm::after{content:'';width:0;height:0;border-left:6px solid transparent;border-right:6px solid transparent;border-bottom:9px solid #e6e8ea;position:absolute;bottom:-20px;left:50%;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%);-ms-transform:translateX(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%);-webkit-transition:0.2s linear opacity;transition:0.2s linear opacity;visibility:hidden;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.hmVYPm::after{bottom:-14px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g72[id=\"sc-97754ce7-5\"]{content:\"hmVYPm,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.vUnzo{margin-top:16px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g75[id=\"sc-e205027-0\"]{content:\"vUnzo,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.bpAeuU{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-column-gap:16px;column-gap:16px;row-gap:12px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g76[id=\"sc-e205027-1\"]{content:\"bpAeuU,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gMaXrB{-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g77[id=\"sc-e205027-2\"]{content:\"gMaXrB,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jOEMgn{cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#000000;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:16px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.jOEMgn:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g78[id=\"sc-e205027-3\"]{content:\"jOEMgn,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.itISwu{color:#202224;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:38px;line-height:44px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.76px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.76px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.76px;letter-spacing:-0.76px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.itISwu{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:28px;line-height:34px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.56px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.56px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.56px;letter-spacing:-0.56px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.itISwu{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:28px;line-height:34px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.56px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.56px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.56px;letter-spacing:-0.56px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.DkKTF{color:#202224;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:32px;line-height:36px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.32px;letter-spacing:-0.32px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.DkKTF{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:24px;line-height:28px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.48px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.48px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.48px;letter-spacing:-0.48px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.DkKTF{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:24px;line-height:28px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.48px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.48px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.48px;letter-spacing:-0.48px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g79[id=\"sc-518485e5-0\"]{content:\"itISwu,DkKTF,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.eeiVGB{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;display:grid;gap:16px;margin:0 auto;width:722px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.eeiVGB{margin:0 auto;width:728px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.eeiVGB{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.eeiVGB{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.eeiVGB{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.eeiVGB{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.eeiVGB{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.eeiVGB{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.eeiVGB{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.eeiVGB{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.dlWCEZ{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;display:grid;gap:16px;margin:0 auto;width:722px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.dlWCEZ{margin:0 auto;width:728px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.dlWCEZ{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.dlWCEZ{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.dlWCEZ{margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.dlWCEZ{margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.dlWCEZ{margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.dlWCEZ{margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.dlWCEZ{margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.dlWCEZ{margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.ejjhCR{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;display:grid;gap:16px;margin:0 auto;width:932px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.ejjhCR{margin:0 auto;width:728px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.ejjhCR{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.ejjhCR{margin:0;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.ejjhCR{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.ejjhCR{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.ejjhCR{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.ejjhCR{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.ejjhCR{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.ejjhCR{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.bdPeAJ{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;display:grid;gap:16px;margin:0 auto;width:722px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.bdPeAJ{margin:0 auto;width:728px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.bdPeAJ{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.bdPeAJ{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.bdPeAJ{margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.bdPeAJ{margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.bdPeAJ{margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.bdPeAJ{margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.bdPeAJ{margin-bottom:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.bdPeAJ{margin-bottom:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.jFCfG{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;display:grid;gap:16px;margin:0 auto;width:722px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.jFCfG{margin:0 auto;width:728px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.jFCfG{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.jFCfG{margin:0;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.jFCfG{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.jFCfG{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.jFCfG{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.jFCfG{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.jFCfG{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.jFCfG{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.eLrdPC{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;display:grid;gap:16px;margin:0 auto;width:826px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.eLrdPC{margin:0 auto;width:728px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.eLrdPC{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.eLrdPC{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.eLrdPC{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.eLrdPC{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.eLrdPC{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.eLrdPC{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.eLrdPC{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.eLrdPC{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.jVHuOl{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;display:grid;gap:16px;margin:0 auto;width:722px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.jVHuOl{margin:0 auto;width:728px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.jVHuOl{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.jVHuOl{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.jVHuOl{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.jVHuOl{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.jVHuOl{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.jVHuOl{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.jVHuOl{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.jVHuOl{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g80[id=\"sc-18fde0d6-0\"]{content:\"eeiVGB,dlWCEZ,ejjhCR,bdPeAJ,jFCfG,eLrdPC,jVHuOl,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.beIoQm{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;color:#202224;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:18px;line-height:26px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.36px;letter-spacing:-0.36px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.beIoQm{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.32px;letter-spacing:-0.32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.beIoQm{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.32px;letter-spacing:-0.32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g87[id=\"sc-c9299ecf-0\"]{content:\"beIoQm,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.fezwLZ{color:#202224;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:18px;line-height:26px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.36px;letter-spacing:-0.36px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.fezwLZ{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.32px;letter-spacing:-0.32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.fezwLZ{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.32px;letter-spacing:-0.32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g90[id=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0\"]{content:\"fezwLZ,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.kVRnKf{font-weight:600;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.kVRnKf{word-break:break-word;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.kPypaC{word-break:break-word;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.kKcaog{font-style:italic;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.kKcaog{word-break:break-word;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g91[id=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0\"]{content:\"kVRnKf,kPypaC,kKcaog,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.bbntGk{max-width:1280px;width:100%;margin:16px auto 48px auto;padding:0 16px;box-sizing:border-box;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g92[id=\"sc-c05885a3-0\"]{content:\"bbntGk,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gkyhbo{margin-top:16px;word-wrap:break-word;}\/*!sc*\/\n.gkyhbo p{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:16px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.gkyhbo b,.gkyhbo a{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:12px;line-height:16px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.gkyhbo a{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#000000;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.gkyhbo{margin-top:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g93[id=\"sc-c05885a3-1\"]{content:\"gkyhbo,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.eBEgvI{background-color:#3a3c3e;margin-top:16px;height:1px;border:none;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g94[id=\"sc-c05885a3-2\"]{content:\"eBEgvI,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jqsEov{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g95[id=\"sc-c05885a3-3\"]{content:\"jqsEov,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hkTqj{border-bottom:1px solid #e6e8ea;position:relative;text-align:center;overflow:hidden;line-height:0;max-width:100vw;z-index:3000;}\/*!sc*\/\n.hkTqj *{z-index:3000;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.hkTqj{border-bottom:none;display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g99[id=\"sc-f116bf72-0\"]{content:\"hkTqj,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.xECcw{display:inline-block;overflow-x:hidden;white-space:nowrap;margin-bottom:-1px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g100[id=\"sc-f116bf72-1\"]{content:\"xECcw,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.bXpjTY{list-style-type:none;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding:0;margin:0;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.bXpjTY{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g101[id=\"sc-f116bf72-2\"]{content:\"bXpjTY,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.cHJCBW{position:relative;}\/*!sc*\/\n.kkeorx{position:relative;}\/*!sc*\/\n.kkeorx::before{content:'';position:absolute;width:1px;height:30px;background:#e6e8ea;left:0;top:50%;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g102[id=\"sc-f116bf72-3\"]{content:\"cHJCBW,kkeorx,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.tIuPV{position:relative;display:block;color:#000000;cursor:pointer;padding:12px 8px;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.tIuPV:hover{background-color:#e6e8ea;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g103[id=\"sc-f116bf72-4\"]{content:\"tIuPV,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hBTemC{z-index:3000;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;background-color:#ffffff;top:65px;left:0;right:0;}\/*!sc*\/\n.hBTemC *{z-index:3000;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.hBTemC{height:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g108[id=\"sc-f116bf72-9\"]{content:\"hBTemC,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jLNykE{z-index:4001;position:fixed;top:0;background:white;padding:0 8px;display:block;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g113[id=\"sc-c8fbcff-0\"]{content:\"jLNykE,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.kPEgTc{padding:0 0 8px 0px;width:320px;max-height:80vh;overflow-y:auto;margin-top:65px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.lgTkUi{padding:0 0 8px 16px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.bXKLZA{padding:0 0 8px 32px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.khALxp{padding:0 0 8px 48px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.bLMSxz{padding:0 0 8px 64px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g114[id=\"sc-c8fbcff-1\"]{content:\"kPEgTc,lgTkUi,bXKLZA,khALxp,bLMSxz,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.glQTWZ{position:absolute;left:22px;top:22px;cursor:pointer;display:block;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g115[id=\"sc-c8fbcff-2\"]{content:\"glQTWZ,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jtEFxm{border-bottom:1px solid #e6e8ea;padding:0 14px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g116[id=\"sc-c8fbcff-3\"]{content:\"jtEFxm,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.dCOsAv{position:fixed;display:block;bottom:0;width:100%;background-color:#ffffff;visibility:hidden;z-index:3000;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.1s ease-in-out;-webkit-transition:transform 0.1s ease-in-out;transition:transform 0.1s ease-in-out;top:0px;left:0;width:320px;-webkit-transform:translateX(-100%);-ms-transform:translateX(-100%);transform:translateX(-100%);}\/*!sc*\/\n.dCOsAv *{z-index:3000;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.dCOsAv{width:100%;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g117[id=\"sc-bcd5a959-0\"]{content:\"dCOsAv,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.emMBqr{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;border:1px solid #8a8c8e;width:100%;height:44px;background-color:#ffffff;}\/*!sc*\/\n.emMBqr:focus-within,.emMBqr:hover{border:2px solid #000000;margin:-1px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.emMBqr svg[icon='search']{width:20px;height:20px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.emMBqr svg[icon='close']{width:12px;height:12px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.emMBqr .sc-48d6da7e-3{width:44px;height:44px;outline:1px solid #000000;}\/*!sc*\/\n.emMBqr .sc-48d6da7e-3 span{width:18px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.emMBqr .sc-48d6da7e-5{width:44px;height:44px;outline:0;border:0;}\/*!sc*\/\n.emMBqr .sc-48d6da7e-5:hover{background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;outline:0;border:0;}\/*!sc*\/\n.emMBqr:hover{border:2px solid #3a3c3e;margin:-1px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.emMBqr:hover .sc-48d6da7e-3{background-color:#3a3c3e;border:2px solid #3a3c3e;outline:0;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g118[id=\"sc-e1a87ea7-0\"]{content:\"emMBqr,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.clPMUF{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;border:none;outline:none;color:#202224;padding:13px 0 13px 13px;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:16px;line-height:18px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;font-size:16px;width:40px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.clPMUF{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:16px;line-height:18px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;font-size:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g119[id=\"sc-e1a87ea7-1\"]{content:\"clPMUF,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.fAkitL{box-sizing:border-box;overflow-y:scroll;padding:0 8px;height:100%;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g122[id=\"sc-c2aa8288-0\"]{content:\"fAkitL,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.lprTtA{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);-ms-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0deg);-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.1s ease-in-out;-webkit-transition:transform 0.1s ease-in-out;transition:transform 0.1s ease-in-out;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:10px;width:13px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g123[id=\"sc-c2aa8288-1\"]{content:\"lprTtA,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.irTfjU{grid-template-columns:1fr auto;background-color:#ffffff;padding:13px 14px;position:relative;text-align:left;cursor:pointer;display:grid;border:none;width:100%;gap:22px;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:16px;line-height:18px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.irTfjU:hover{background-color:#e6e8ea;}\/*!sc*\/\n.irTfjU:before{background-color:transparent;-webkit-transform:translateX(-100%);-ms-transform:translateX(-100%);transform:translateX(-100%);position:absolute;height:100%;content:'';width:8px;left:0;top:0;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g124[id=\"sc-c2aa8288-2\"]{content:\"irTfjU,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gNfKvw{word-break:break-word;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g125[id=\"sc-c2aa8288-3\"]{content:\"gNfKvw,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gponRQ{border-bottom:1px solid #e6e8ea;background-color:#ffffff;box-sizing:border-box;display:grid;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g127[id=\"sc-c2aa8288-5\"]{content:\"gponRQ,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.ioPLtn{background-color:#f6f6f6;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e8ea;padding:8px;margin:0 -8px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g128[id=\"sc-c2aa8288-6\"]{content:\"ioPLtn,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.xKITv{-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;justify-items:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;place-items:center;padding:12px 0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:16px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g129[id=\"sc-c2aa8288-7\"]{content:\"xKITv,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hyYukw{position:relative;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g130[id=\"sc-db60fb3f-0\"]{content:\"hyYukw,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.bfyvlX{position:absolute;top:-9999px;left:0;font-family:BBC Reith Sans;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;line-height:18px;text-align:left;color:#000000;padding:8px 12px 8px 12px;border:2px solid #000000;}\/*!sc*\/\n.bfyvlX:focus,.bfyvlX:active{z-index:5000;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.bfyvlX:focus,.bfyvlX:active{top:14px;left:104px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.bfyvlX:focus,.bfyvlX:active{top:76px;left:16px;background-color:#ffffff;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g131[id=\"sc-db60fb3f-1\"]{content:\"bfyvlX,\"}\/*!sc*\/\nhtml,body,div,span,applet,object,iframe,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,blockquote,pre,a,abbr,acronym,address,big,cite,code,del,dfn,em,img,ins,kbd,q,s,samp,small,strike,strong,sub,sup,tt,var,b,u,i,center,dl,dt,dd,ol,ul,li,fieldset,form,label,legend,table,caption,tbody,tfoot,thead,tr,th,td,article,aside,canvas,details,embed,figure,figcaption,footer,header,hgroup,main,menu,nav,output,ruby,section,summary,time,mark,audio,video{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;}\/*!sc*\/\narticle,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,menu,nav,section{display:block;}\/*!sc*\/\nbody{line-height:1;}\/*!sc*\/\n@supports (-webkit-text-size-adjust:none) or (text-size-adjust:none){body{-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;text-size-adjust:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\nol,ul{list-style:none;}\/*!sc*\/\nblockquote,q{quotes:none;}\/*!sc*\/\nblockquote::before,blockquote::after,q::before,q::after{content:'';}\/*!sc*\/\ntable{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;}\/*!sc*\/\nbutton{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;margin:0;padding:0;background:none;border-radius:0;border:0;font-family:inherit;color:inherit;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g132[id=\"sc-global-igImlZ1\"]{content:\"sc-global-igImlZ1,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.haItSe{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g147[id=\"sc-b42e7a8f-0\"]{content:\"haItSe,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.cjDa-dM{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;min-height:32px;margin-bottom:4px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.cjDa-dM{min-height:0;margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g148[id=\"sc-b42e7a8f-1\"]{content:\"cjDa-dM,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jViTsK{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.12px;letter-spacing:-0.12px;color:#545658;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g149[id=\"sc-b42e7a8f-2\"]{content:\"jViTsK,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.cFXrjb{-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;-webkit-align-self:start;-ms-flex-item-align:start;align-self:start;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-column-gap:12px;column-gap:12px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.cFXrjb{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g150[id=\"sc-b42e7a8f-3\"]{content:\"cFXrjb,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.ffcVEa{display:none;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.ffcVEa{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;border-top:1px solid #e6e8ea;height:44px;margin-top:12px;}.ffcVEa button:not(.popover button){font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:16px;line-height:18px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g151[id=\"sc-b42e7a8f-4\"]{content:\"ffcVEa,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.evAEAB{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g152[id=\"sc-b42e7a8f-5\"]{content:\"evAEAB,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.kItaYD{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.16px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.16px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.16px;letter-spacing:-0.16px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g154[id=\"sc-b42e7a8f-7\"]{content:\"kItaYD,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.bTSIhT{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:16px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;color:#545658;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g155[id=\"sc-b42e7a8f-8\"]{content:\"bTSIhT,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.fcCDwR{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:16px;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.fcCDwR{gap:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g159[id=\"sc-b42e7a8f-12\"]{content:\"fcCDwR,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.eVThlc{background-color:#e6e8ea;padding:24px;display:grid;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g160[id=\"sc-e11d1f0-0\"]{content:\"eVThlc,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.kDQByp{display:grid;grid-gap:8px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g161[id=\"sc-e11d1f0-1\"]{content:\"kDQByp,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.ewSByo{display:grid;grid-gap:12px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.ewSByo{grid-gap:10px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.ewSByo p:empty{display:none;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g162[id=\"sc-e11d1f0-2\"]{content:\"ewSByo,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.fBWdkT{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:18px;line-height:22px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;color:#545658;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.fBWdkT{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g163[id=\"sc-e11d1f0-3\"]{content:\"fBWdkT,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gxuhBx{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:18px;line-height:28px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.36px;letter-spacing:-0.36px;color:#3a3c3e;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.gxuhBx{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.32px;letter-spacing:-0.32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g164[id=\"sc-e11d1f0-4\"]{content:\"gxuhBx,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.iUqqeb{display:block;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;color:#545658;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;padding-top:8px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g166[id=\"sc-8353772e-0\"]{content:\"iUqqeb,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.WkJHg{box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;padding:24px 16px 24px 0;gap:8px;border-width:1px 0;border-style:solid;border-color:#e6e8ea;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g181[id=\"sc-9967660-0\"]{content:\"WkJHg,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.dBFvZy{width:32px;height:32px;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g182[id=\"sc-9967660-1\"]{content:\"dBFvZy,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.kcfPbO{font-style:italic;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:18px;line-height:26px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.36px;letter-spacing:-0.36px;font-style:italic;color:#202224;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g183[id=\"sc-9967660-2\"]{content:\"kcfPbO,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.kgpAvc{background-color:#000000;color:#ffffff;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;justify-items:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;position:absolute;min-width:24px;bottom:0;display:grid;left:0;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.kgpAvc{left:0px;display:grid;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g189[id=\"sc-92f37ff6-0\"]{content:\"kgpAvc,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gfxjeq{-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:32px;width:32px;margin:4px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.gfxjeq > svg{height:20px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.gfxjeq{height:32px;width:32px;margin:4px;}.gfxjeq > svg{height:20px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g190[id=\"sc-92f37ff6-1\"]{content:\"gfxjeq,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hMFMgw{margin-top:4px;height:32px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:8px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.hMFMgw{margin-top:4px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.hMFMgw{margin-top:4px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.bFzmvn{margin-top:0px;height:auto;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:8px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.bFzmvn{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.bFzmvn{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.bFzmvn{margin-top:2px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.bFzmvn{margin-top:2px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.kZsXRf{margin-top:0px;height:32px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:8px;position:absolute;bottom:0;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.kZsXRf{margin-top:2px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.kZsXRf{margin-top:2px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g191[id=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0\"]{content:\"hMFMgw,bFzmvn,kZsXRf,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.ioNoDA{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.12px;letter-spacing:-0.12px;color:#afb1b4;}\/*!sc*\/\n.cbeuWG{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.12px;letter-spacing:-0.12px;color:#545658;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.cbeuWG{display:block;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.cbeuWG{display:block;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.cbeuWG{display:block;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.cbeuWG{display:block;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.cbeuWG{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.cbeuWG{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.fZvNua{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.12px;letter-spacing:-0.12px;color:#545658;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.fZvNua{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.fZvNua{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.fZvNua{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.fZvNua{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.fZvNua{display:block;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.fZvNua{display:block;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g192[id=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1\"]{content:\"ioNoDA,cbeuWG,fZvNua,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.eiXiGe{color:#afb1b4;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.12px;letter-spacing:-0.12px;pointer-events:none;}\/*!sc*\/\n.jOCsOj{color:#545658;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.12px;letter-spacing:-0.12px;pointer-events:none;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g193[id=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2\"]{content:\"eiXiGe,jOCsOj,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gNUyZj{background-color:#afb1b4;margin:auto 2px;height:16px;width:1px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.eQhLId{background-color:#545658;margin:auto 2px;height:16px;width:1px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.eQhLId{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.eQhLId{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.eQhLId{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.eQhLId{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.eQhLId{display:block;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.eQhLId{display:block;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g194[id=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3\"]{content:\"gNUyZj,eQhLId,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.fiJvSm{display:grid;box-sizing:border-box;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.fiJvSm{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,1fr);grid-gap:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.fiJvSm{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,1fr);grid-gap:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.fiJvSm{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,1fr);grid-gap:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.fiJvSm{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,1fr);grid-gap:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.fiJvSm{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,1fr);grid-gap:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.fiJvSm{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,1fr);grid-gap:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g209[id=\"sc-93223220-0\"]{content:\"fiJvSm,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jvGDZA{width:100%;margin-right:0;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.jvGDZA{margin-right:8px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g219[id=\"sc-87075214-0\"]{content:\"jvGDZA,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.dRanZR{width:100%;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.dRanZR{min-height:32px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g220[id=\"sc-87075214-1\"]{content:\"dRanZR,kycgkX,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.fscymh{color:#202224;color:#e6e8ea;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:18px;line-height:22px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.36px;letter-spacing:-0.36px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.fscymh{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:18px;line-height:22px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.36px;letter-spacing:-0.36px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.czAFqs{color:#202224;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:24px;line-height:28px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.48px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.48px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.48px;letter-spacing:-0.48px;margin-bottom:12px;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:24px;line-height:28px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.48px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.48px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.48px;letter-spacing:-0.48px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.czAFqs{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:20px;line-height:24px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.4px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.4px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.4px;letter-spacing:-0.4px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.czAFqs{margin-bottom:8px;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:18px;line-height:22px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.36px;letter-spacing:-0.36px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g222[id=\"sc-87075214-3\"]{content:\"fscymh,czAFqs,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.bIGryj{border-bottom:0;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.2s ease-in-out;transition:opacity 0.2s ease-in-out;grid-auto-rows:auto auto 1fr auto;position:relative;display:grid;opacity:1;opacity:0.3;}\/*!sc*\/\n.bIGryj:hover img{opacity:0.8;}\/*!sc*\/\n.bIGryj:hover h2{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g285[id=\"sc-b8778340-0\"]{content:\"bIGryj,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jvzsLx{position:relative;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g286[id=\"sc-b8778340-1\"]{content:\"jvzsLx,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.kUyIkJ{height:100%;width:100%;}\/*!sc*\/\n.kUyIkJ img{aspect-ratio:16 \/ 9;object-fit:cover;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g287[id=\"sc-b8778340-2\"]{content:\"kUyIkJ,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.eTiihu{background-color:#141618;color:#000000;grid-gap:12px;display:grid;padding-top:8px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g288[id=\"sc-b8778340-3\"]{content:\"eTiihu,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hUTjjg{color:#e6e8ea;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.hUTjjg{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g289[id=\"sc-b8778340-4\"]{content:\"hUTjjg,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jfacew{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;color:#202224;margin-bottom:56px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.jfacew{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;margin-bottom:48px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g337[id=\"sc-ae29827d-0\"]{content:\"jfacew,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hAmwyA{-webkit-align-items:start;-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:start;display:grid;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g338[id=\"sc-ae29827d-1\"]{content:\"hAmwyA,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.bgogNC{height:100%;width:100%;}\/*!sc*\/\n.bgogNC img{aspect-ratio:16 \/ 9;object-fit:cover;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g339[id=\"sc-ae29827d-2\"]{content:\"bgogNC,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.khCtOO{border-bottom:1px solid #e6e8ea;position:relative;min-height:190px;display:block;}\/*!sc*\/\n.fKfpeF{border-bottom:none;position:relative;min-height:190px;display:block;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g340[id=\"sc-ae29827d-3\"]{content:\"khCtOO,fKfpeF,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.ypQFr{grid-template-columns:90px 1fr;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;position:relative;display:grid;gap:16px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.ypQFr:hover img{opacity:0.8;}\/*!sc*\/\n.ypQFr:hover h2{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.ypQFr{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g341[id=\"sc-ae29827d-4\"]{content:\"ypQFr,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jVhDCQ{margin-bottom:16px;position:relative;margin-left:16px;float:right;width:300px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.jVhDCQ{margin-bottom:8px;margin-left:8px;width:50%;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g342[id=\"sc-ae29827d-5\"]{content:\"jVhDCQ,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.dzMUxv{display:block;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g343[id=\"sc-ae29827d-6\"]{content:\"dzMUxv,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gwUgXL{border:2px solid transparent;outline:2px solid transparent;display:inline-block;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:14px;line-height:16px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;padding:8px 10px;background-color:#f6f6f6;color:#000000;}\/*!sc*\/\n.gwUgXL:hover{background-color:#3a3c3e;color:#ffffff;}\/*!sc*\/\n.gwUgXL:focus{background-color:#000000;border-color:#ffffff;outline-color:#3a3c3e;color:#ffffff;}\/*!sc*\/\n.gwUgXL:active{background-color:#f6f6f6;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g476[id=\"sc-3df0d64d-0\"]{content:\"gwUgXL,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.dGavUm{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:8px;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g478[id=\"sc-4b0aaa-0\"]{content:\"dGavUm,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.laRYIo{margin:0 16px;border-width:0;height:2px;width:100%;background-color:#e6e8ea;}\/*!sc*\/\n.bHUvKO{margin:0 16px;border-width:0;height:2px;width:100%;background-color:#3a3c3e;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g491[id=\"sc-2be11b79-0\"]{content:\"laRYIo,bHUvKO,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.ePwOJX{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g492[id=\"sc-2be11b79-1\"]{content:\"ePwOJX,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.koMJJi{margin-bottom:24px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.koMJJi{margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g493[id=\"sc-2be11b79-2\"]{content:\"koMJJi,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.iflVUS{padding:0 16px;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;color:#202224;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:start;-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:start;margin-top:8px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g494[id=\"sc-2be11b79-3\"]{content:\"iflVUS,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.laLKDk{color:#e6e8ea;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.75px;-moz-letter-spacing:0.75px;-ms-letter-spacing:0.75px;letter-spacing:0.75px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.laLKDk svg{display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-top;width:20px;fill:#ffffff;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.laLKDk svg{width:18px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.laLKDk{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;-moz-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;-ms-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.laLKDk{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;-moz-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;-ms-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.fAxgMO{color:#202224;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.75px;-moz-letter-spacing:0.75px;-ms-letter-spacing:0.75px;letter-spacing:0.75px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.fAxgMO svg{display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-top;width:20px;fill:#000000;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.fAxgMO svg{width:18px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.fAxgMO{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;-moz-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;-ms-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.fAxgMO{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;-moz-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;-ms-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g495[id=\"sc-2be11b79-4\"]{content:\"laLKDk,fAxgMO,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.djXsFQ{max-width:1038px;margin:0 auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.djXsFQ{margin:0 16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g505[id=\"sc-da05643e-1\"]{content:\"djXsFQ,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.iYKspt{display:grid;background-color:#141618;padding:0 16px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g585[id=\"sc-8a8cf983-0\"]{content:\"iYKspt,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gaQDrT{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;overflow:scroll;-webkit-column-gap:12px;column-gap:12px;-webkit-scroll-snap-type:x proximity;-moz-scroll-snap-type:x proximity;-ms-scroll-snap-type:x proximity;scroll-snap-type:x proximity;-webkit-scrollbar-width:none;-moz-scrollbar-width:none;-ms-scrollbar-width:none;scrollbar-width:none;}\/*!sc*\/\n.gaQDrT::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g586[id=\"sc-8a8cf983-1\"]{content:\"gaQDrT,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jupLmo{width:270px;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-scroll-snap-align:start;-moz-scroll-snap-align:start;-ms-scroll-snap-align:start;scroll-snap-align:start;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g587[id=\"sc-8a8cf983-2\"]{content:\"jupLmo,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.bPQaRs{display:grid;width:100%;background-color:#141618;padding-block:24px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.bPQaRs{padding-block:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.bPQaRs:last-of-type{margin-bottom:120px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dYnBSI{display:grid;width:100%;background-color:#ffffff;margin-block:48px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dYnBSI:first-of-type{margin-top:24px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.dYnBSI{margin-block:32px;}.dYnBSI:first-of-type{margin-top:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.dYnBSI:last-of-type{margin-bottom:120px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g610[id=\"sc-227eb15e-1\"]{content:\"bPQaRs,dYnBSI,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.harZpM{max-width:1280px;width:100%;position:relative;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.harZpM{margin:0 auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g611[id=\"sc-227eb15e-2\"]{content:\"harZpM,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n<\/style><\/head><body><div id=\"__next\"><div class=\"app\"><noscript><style>.hide-when-no-script { visibility: hidden; }<\/style><\/noscript><div data-testid=\"backdrop\" class=\"sc-3192fecd-0 ifUzfO\"><\/div><div class=\"sc-db60fb3f-0 hyYukw\"><a href=\"#main-content\" aria-label=\"Skip to content\" role=\"link\" class=\"sc-db60fb3f-1 bfyvlX\">Skip to content<\/a><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 cxUgbQ\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-interstitial\" id=\"dotcom-interstitial\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><header class=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-0 dBUlMZ\"><div class=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-1 eCirE\"><div class=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-5 cYRsBO hide-when-no-script\"><button role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Open menu\" class=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-3 eTbKet\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" category=\"actions\" icon=\"list-view-text\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M1 7.5h30V1.9H1v5.6zm0 22.6h30v-5.6H1v5.6zm0-11.3h30v-5.6H1v5.6z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><button role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Search BBC\" class=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-3 sc-d6c9e5b8-4 eTbKet hGNtcn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" category=\"actions\" icon=\"search\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"m30.6 28.1-8.3-8.3c1.5-2 2.4-4.4 2.4-7.2C24.7 6 19.6 1 13 1S1.4 6.1 1.4 12.7 6.5 24.3 13 24.3c2.3 0 4.4-.6 6.2-1.8l8.5 8.5 2.9-2.9zM4 12.6c0-5.2 3.9-9.1 9-9.1s9 3.9 9 9.1c0 5.2-3.9 9.1-9 9.1s-9-3.9-9-9.1z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-6 crChL\"><div class=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-2 jvZnqG\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 112 32\" category=\"logo\" icon=\"bbc\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 itfIsL\"><title>British Broadcasting Corporation<\/title><path d=\"M111.99999,4.44444577e-05 L111.99999,32.0000444 L79.9999905,32.0000444 L79.9999905,4.44444577e-05 L111.99999,4.44444577e-05 Z M72.0000119,-3.55271368e-15 L72.0000119,32 L40.0000119,32 L40.0000119,-3.55271368e-15 L72.0000119,-3.55271368e-15 Z M32,-3.55271368e-15 L32,32 L-1.13686838e-13,32 L-1.13686838e-13,-3.55271368e-15 L32,-3.55271368e-15 Z M97.469329,6.80826869 C96.0294397,6.80826869 94.7294393,7.02226876 93.5693278,7.44982444 C92.4089942,7.87782457 91.4137717,8.49471364 90.5841047,9.30049166 C89.7538823,10.1067141 89.1188821,11.07327 88.6785486,12.199937 C88.2378818,13.3269373 88.0177706,14.5896043 88.0177706,15.9876048 C88.0177706,17.4188274 88.2296596,18.7062722 88.6531042,19.8493837 C89.0763265,20.9929396 89.6861045,21.9591621 90.482438,22.748829 C91.2784383,23.5383848 92.2522163,24.1430516 93.4042167,24.5624962 C94.5558837,24.9819408 95.8516619,25.1917186 97.2914401,25.1917186 C98.3752182,25.1917186 99.4086629,25.072163 100.391219,24.8338296 C101.37333,24.5956073 102.237108,24.2706072 102.982664,23.8592738 L102.982664,23.8592738 L102.982664,20.4292727 C101.40733,21.4001619 99.6881074,21.8851621 97.8251069,21.8851621 C96.6054399,21.8851621 95.567884,21.6549398 94.7126615,21.194273 C93.8572168,20.7338284 93.2049944,20.0633837 92.7564387,19.1831613 C92.3073275,18.3032721 92.0831052,17.2380496 92.0831052,15.9876048 C92.0831052,14.7377155 92.3156608,13.6766041 92.7816609,12.8044927 C93.2474389,11.9327147 93.916328,11.2664922 94.7888838,10.8058254 C95.6609951,10.3453809 96.715551,10.1148252 97.9521069,10.1148252 C98.8496628,10.1148252 99.7052186,10.2342697 100.518108,10.4726031 C101.331219,10.7112699 102.084664,11.0609366 102.779442,11.5212701 L102.779442,11.5212701 L102.779442,8.01738016 C102.017219,7.62260227 101.191441,7.32260218 100.302219,7.11671323 C99.4129963,6.91126872 98.4685515,6.80826869 97.469329,6.80826869 Z M55.7552388,7.00000208 L49.0000146,7.00000208 L49.0000146,25.0000021 L56.1713501,25.0000021 C57.590906,25.0000021 58.8063508,24.7903407 59.8181289,24.3706739 C60.8297959,23.9513405 61.6087961,23.3553403 62.1555741,22.5832289 C62.7020187,21.8114509 62.9754632,20.8882284 62.9754632,19.8140059 C62.9754632,18.7232278 62.6941298,17.7960053 62.1312407,17.0321162 C61.5681294,16.2686715 60.7563514,15.7104491 59.6957955,15.3580046 C60.4625736,14.9891156 61.0420182,14.4894488 61.4335738,13.8601152 C61.8252406,13.2307817 62.0210185,12.4881148 62.0210185,11.6321146 C62.0210185,10.1385586 61.4742405,8.99311379 60.3812402,8.19578022 C59.2877954,7.39889109 57.745795,7.00000208 55.7552388,7.00000208 L55.7552388,7.00000208 Z M15.7552269,7.00000208 L9.00000268,7.00000208 L9.00000268,25.0000021 L16.1713381,25.0000021 C17.5908941,25.0000021 18.8062278,24.7903407 19.8182281,24.3706739 C20.8296729,23.9513405 21.6087842,23.3553403 22.1555621,22.5832289 C22.7021179,21.8114509 22.9755624,20.8882284 22.9755624,19.8140059 C22.9755624,18.7232278 22.6941179,17.7960053 22.1311177,17.0321162 C21.5682286,16.2686715 20.7563395,15.7104491 19.6957836,15.3580046 C20.4625616,14.9891156 21.0418952,14.4894488 21.4335619,13.8601152 C21.8252287,13.2307817 22.0210066,12.4881148 22.0210066,11.6321146 C22.0210066,10.1385586 21.4741175,8.99311379 20.3811172,8.19578022 C19.2877835,7.39889109 17.7457831,7.00000208 15.7552269,7.00000208 L15.7552269,7.00000208 Z M55.8775833,17.2209385 C58.1128062,17.2209385 59.2308065,18.0434943 59.2308065,19.6881614 C59.2308065,20.4602728 58.9369175,21.0518285 58.3496951,21.4629397 C57.7622505,21.8743843 56.9216947,22.0797177 55.8286944,22.0797177 L55.8286944,22.0797177 L52.6469157,22.0797177 L52.6469157,17.2209385 Z M15.8775714,17.2209385 C18.1129054,17.2209385 19.2307946,18.0434943 19.2307946,19.6881614 C19.2307946,20.4602728 18.9370167,21.0518285 18.3496832,21.4629397 C17.7622386,21.8743843 16.9216828,22.0797177 15.8286825,22.0797177 L15.8286825,22.0797177 L12.6469038,22.0797177 L12.6469038,17.2209385 Z M55.412572,9.92028073 C57.3541282,9.92028073 58.3252396,10.6338365 58.3252396,12.0600591 C58.3252396,12.7988371 58.0763506,13.373504 57.5786838,13.7846152 C57.0807948,14.1960598 56.3587946,14.4013932 55.412572,14.4013932 L55.412572,14.4013932 L52.6469046,14.4013932 L52.6469046,9.92028073 Z M15.4125601,9.92028073 C17.3541163,9.92028073 18.3252277,10.6338365 18.3252277,12.0600591 C18.3252277,12.7988371 18.0762276,13.373504 17.5786719,13.7846152 C17.0807829,14.1960598 16.3587826,14.4013932 15.4125601,14.4013932 L15.4125601,14.4013932 L12.6468927,14.4013932 L12.6468927,9.92028073 Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-7 kMdlAO\"><\/div><\/div><\/header><nav data-testid=\"level1-navigation-container\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-9 hBTemC\"><section class=\"sc-f116bf72-0 hkTqj\"><nav class=\"sc-f116bf72-1 xECcw\"><ul class=\"sc-f116bf72-2 bXpjTY\"><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Home<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">News<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/sport\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Sport<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/business\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Business<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/innovation\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Innovation<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/culture\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Culture<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/arts\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Arts<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/travel\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Travel<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Earth<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 kkeorx\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/audio\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Audio<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/video\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Video<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/live\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Live<\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/section><\/nav><noscript><details class=\"sc-c8fbcff-0 jLNykE\"><summary class=\"sc-c8fbcff-2 glQTWZ\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" category=\"actions\" icon=\"list-view-text\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M1 7.5h30V1.9H1v5.6zm0 22.6h30v-5.6H1v5.6zm0-11.3h30v-5.6H1v5.6z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/summary><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 kPEgTc\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/home\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Home<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">News<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/topics\/c2vdnvdg6xxt\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Israel-Gaza War<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/war-in-ukraine\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">War in Ukraine<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/us-canada\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">US & Canada<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/uk\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">UK<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/politics\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">UK Politics<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/england\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">England<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/northern_ireland\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">N. Ireland<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/northern_ireland\/northern_ireland_politics\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">N. Ireland Politics<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bLMSxz\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/scotland\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Scotland<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/scotland\/scotland_politics\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Scotland Politics<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bLMSxz\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/wales\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Wales<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/wales\/wales_politics\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Wales Politics<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bLMSxz\"><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/africa\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Africa<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/asia\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Asia<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/asia\/china\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">China<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/asia\/india\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">India<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/australia\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Australia<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/europe\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Europe<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/latin_america\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Latin America<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/middle_east\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Middle East<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/in_pictures\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">In Pictures<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/bbcindepth\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">BBC InDepth<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/bbcverify\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">BBC Verify<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/sport\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Sport<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/business\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Business<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/business\/executive-lounge\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Executive Lounge<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/business\/technology-of-business\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Technology of Business<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/business\/future-of-business\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Future of Business<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Innovation<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\/technology\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Technology<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\/science\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Science & Health<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\/artificial-intelligence\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Artificial Intelligence<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\/ai-v-the-mind\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">AI v the Mind<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Culture<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/film-tv\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Film & TV<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/music\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Music<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/art\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Art & Design<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/style\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Style<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/books\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Books<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/entertainment-news\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Entertainment News<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/arts\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Arts<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/arts\/arts-in-motion\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Arts in Motion<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Travel<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Destinations<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/africa\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Africa<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/antarctica\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Antarctica<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/asia\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Asia<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/australia-and-pacific\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Australia and Pacific<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/caribbean\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Caribbean & Bermuda<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/central-america\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Central America<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/europe\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Europe<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/middle-east\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Middle East<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/north-america\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">North America<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/south-america\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">South America<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/worlds-table\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">World\u2019s Table<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/cultural-experiences\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Culture & Experiences<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/adventures\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Adventures<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/specialist\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">The SpeciaList<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Earth<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/natural-wonders\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Natural Wonders<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/weather-science\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Weather & Science<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/solutions\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Climate Solutions<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/sustainable-business\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Sustainable Business<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/green-living\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Green Living<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/audio\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Audio<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/audio\/categories\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Podcasts<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/audio\/stations\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Radio<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/undefined\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Audio FAQs<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/video\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Video<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/live\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Live<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/live\/news\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Live News<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/live\/sport\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Live Sport<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/details><\/noscript><div data-testid=\"backdrop\" class=\"sc-3192fecd-0 irQldJ\"><\/div><div data-testid=\"drawer-background\" direction=\"left\" class=\"sc-bcd5a959-0 dCOsAv\"><div class=\"sc-c2aa8288-0 fAkitL\"><div class=\"sc-c2aa8288-6 ioPLtn\"><div data-testid=\"search-input-wrapper\" class=\"sc-e1a87ea7-0 emMBqr\"><input type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Search news, topics and more\" data-testid=\"search-input-field\" class=\"sc-e1a87ea7-1 clPMUF\" value=\"\"\/><button type=\"button\" data-testid=\"search-input-search-button\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-3 hsIsEs hCTSNW\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 beCbGD\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"actions\" icon=\"search\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"m30.6 28.1-8.3-8.3c1.5-2 2.4-4.4 2.4-7.2C24.7 6 19.6 1 13 1S1.4 6.1 1.4 12.7 6.5 24.3 13 24.3c2.3 0 4.4-.6 6.2-1.8l8.5 8.5 2.9-2.9zM4 12.6c0-5.2 3.9-9.1 9-9.1s9 3.9 9 9.1c0 5.2-3.9 9.1-9 9.1s-9-3.9-9-9.1z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-c2aa8288-7 xKITv\"><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/home\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/home\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Home<\/span><\/button><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/news\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/news\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">News<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/news\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/news\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/sport\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/sport\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/sport\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Sport<\/span><\/button><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/business\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/business\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Business<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/business\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/business\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/innovation\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/innovation\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Innovation<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/innovation\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/innovation\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/culture\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/culture\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Culture<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/culture\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/culture\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/arts\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/arts\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Arts<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/arts\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/arts\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/travel\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/travel\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Travel<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/travel\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/travel\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/future-planet\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/future-planet\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Earth<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/future-planet\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/future-planet\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/audio\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/audio\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Audio<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/audio\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/audio\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/video\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/video\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/video\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Video<\/span><\/button><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/live\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/live\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Live<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/live\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/live\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather\">Weather<\/span><\/button><\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/newsletters\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/newsletters\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/newsletters\">Newsletters<\/span><\/button><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><main id=\"main-content\"><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 bFAJrO\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-top\" id=\"dotcom-top\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><article><div data-component=\"headline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h1 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 itISwu\">The global challenge of iron deficiency \u2013 and why scientists can't agree if supplements are the answer<\/h1><\/div><div data-component=\"byline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><div data-testid=\"byline-new\" class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-0 haItSe\"><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-1 cjDa-dM\"><time dateTime=\"2025-03-13T10:00:00.000Z\" class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-2 jViTsK\">43 minutes ago<\/time><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-3 cFXrjb\"><button disabled=\"\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Share\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 oYtVL dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 dMpdqo\"><svg width=\"12\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 14\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" category=\"social\" icon=\"share\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M9.51768 8.96851C8.95518 8.96851 8.44393 9.19851 8.07227 9.57018L4.19727 7.36685C4.24893 7.18768 4.2856 7.00185 4.2856 6.80685C4.2856 6.61102 4.24977 6.42518 4.19893 6.2456L8.06143 4.04935C8.43393 4.42602 8.94977 4.66102 9.51768 4.66102C10.661 4.66102 11.5852 3.73643 11.5852 2.60893C11.5852 1.46518 10.661 0.541016 9.51768 0.541016C8.38977 0.541016 7.4656 1.46518 7.4656 2.60893C7.4656 2.78727 7.49602 2.95768 7.53935 3.12352L3.70727 5.37643C3.33143 4.98477 2.80477 4.73935 2.2181 4.73935C1.09018 4.73935 0.166016 5.6631 0.166016 6.80685C0.166016 7.93476 1.09018 8.85851 2.2181 8.85851C2.8006 8.85851 3.32435 8.61726 3.69977 8.23268L7.54602 10.4943C7.49893 10.6681 7.4656 10.8473 7.4656 11.036C7.4656 12.1639 8.38977 13.0881 9.51768 13.0881C10.661 13.0881 11.5852 12.1639 11.5852 11.036C11.5852 9.89268 10.661 8.96851 9.51768 8.96851\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span data-testid=\"button-text\" aria-hidden=\"false\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-1 eihkAj\">Share<\/span><\/button><button disabled=\"\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Save\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 iQJDhl cCYQUA kItbpD\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 dMpdqo\"><svg width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 14\" category=\"account\" icon=\"saved-items-outlined\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M5.99996 9.43351L9.46496 11.0741L9.46496 2.0125L2.53496 2.0125L2.53496 11.0741L5.99996 9.43351ZM0.959961 13.5625L0.959961 0.4375L11.04 0.4375L11.04 13.5625L5.99996 11.1761L0.959961 13.5625Z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span data-testid=\"button-text\" aria-hidden=\"false\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-1 eihkAj\">Save<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"byline-new-contributors\" class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-12 fcCDwR\"><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-5 evAEAB\"><div><span class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-7 kItaYD\">Amanda Ruggeri<\/span><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-8 bTSIhT\"><span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-4 ffcVEa\"><button disabled=\"\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Share\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 oYtVL dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 dMpdqo\"><svg width=\"12\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 14\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" category=\"social\" icon=\"share\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M9.51768 8.96851C8.95518 8.96851 8.44393 9.19851 8.07227 9.57018L4.19727 7.36685C4.24893 7.18768 4.2856 7.00185 4.2856 6.80685C4.2856 6.61102 4.24977 6.42518 4.19893 6.2456L8.06143 4.04935C8.43393 4.42602 8.94977 4.66102 9.51768 4.66102C10.661 4.66102 11.5852 3.73643 11.5852 2.60893C11.5852 1.46518 10.661 0.541016 9.51768 0.541016C8.38977 0.541016 7.4656 1.46518 7.4656 2.60893C7.4656 2.78727 7.49602 2.95768 7.53935 3.12352L3.70727 5.37643C3.33143 4.98477 2.80477 4.73935 2.2181 4.73935C1.09018 4.73935 0.166016 5.6631 0.166016 6.80685C0.166016 7.93476 1.09018 8.85851 2.2181 8.85851C2.8006 8.85851 3.32435 8.61726 3.69977 8.23268L7.54602 10.4943C7.49893 10.6681 7.4656 10.8473 7.4656 11.036C7.4656 12.1639 8.38977 13.0881 9.51768 13.0881C10.661 13.0881 11.5852 12.1639 11.5852 11.036C11.5852 9.89268 10.661 8.96851 9.51768 8.96851\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span data-testid=\"button-text\" aria-hidden=\"false\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-1 eihkAj\">Share<\/span><\/button><button disabled=\"\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Save\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 iQJDhl cCYQUA kItbpD\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 dMpdqo\"><svg width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 14\" category=\"account\" icon=\"saved-items-outlined\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M5.99996 9.43351L9.46496 11.0741L9.46496 2.0125L2.53496 2.0125L2.53496 11.0741L5.99996 9.43351ZM0.959961 13.5625L0.959961 0.4375L11.04 0.4375L11.04 13.5625L5.99996 11.1761L0.959961 13.5625Z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span data-testid=\"button-text\" aria-hidden=\"false\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-1 eihkAj\">Save<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 ejjhCR\"><div data-testid=\"hero-image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160xn\/p0kxplym.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240xn\/p0kxplym.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320xn\/p0kxplym.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kxplym.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640xn\/p0kxplym.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800xn\/p0kxplym.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024xn\/p0kxplym.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376xn\/p0kxplym.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kxplym.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kxplym.jpg.webp\" loading=\"eager\" alt=\"Getty Images Red blood cells as seen under a microscope (Credit: Getty Images)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">(Credit: Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><b id=\"a-lack-of-this-vital-nutrient-is-one-of-the-world's-leading-causes-of-disability-\u2013-but-exactly-when-it-becomes-a-problem,-and-the-best-way-to-treat-it,-remains-unclear.\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">A lack of this vital nutrient is one of the world's leading causes of disability \u2013 but exactly when it becomes a problem, and the best way to treat it, remains unclear.<\/b><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">When Megan Ryan first noticed her fatigue, she assumed it was normal. After all, she was a single parent to a three-year-old.\u00a0She also worked full-time. Almost every day, when she picked her son up from daycare, she'd fall asleep with him during his afternoon nap. She didn't think much about it. "I just thought, 'Oh, this is motherhood'," says Ryan, who lives in upstate New York, US. At a routine medical check-up in June 2023, her doctor asked if she felt exhausted. Blood test results showed that Ryan had iron deficiency anaemia.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Looking back, there had been other signs. Despite regularly working out, Ryan had suddenly started to feel winded on routine hikes. She had also had iron deficiency before, during pregnancy. That time, her midwife suspected it after Ryan mentioned that her only pregnancy craving was ice \u2013 a classic sign of pica, which is, in turn, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10199804\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">a symptom of iron deficiency<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Iron deficiency is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/eclinm\/article\/PIIS2589-5370(22)00029-3\/fulltext\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">most common micronutrient deficiency<\/a> in the world today, affecting roughly two billion people. It is especially prevalent among children as well as women of reproductive age, including pregnant women.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">The condition can cause a wide range of consequences. When a pregnant woman doesn't have adequate iron stores, for example, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society\/article\/iron-deficiency-during-pregnancy-the-consequences-for-placental-function-and-fetal-outcome\/FECFF2CEC3CFD96AB0515197B13651A6\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">it can affect the foetus' brain development<\/a> and there is also a higher risk of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190222092727id_\/http:\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/36b8\/2a35ec215bdb885c22c7486d6ca8928f0724.pdf\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">low birth weight, preterm birth<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29076149\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">dying during pregnancy and stillbirth<\/a>. For babies and toddlers, not having enough iron <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17413089\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">can affect long-term development<\/a>, with studies finding that <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article\/69\/suppl_1\/S43\/1815399\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">children are at risk<\/a>\u00a0of exhibiting behavioural issues \u2013 they are less happy and contented, and tend to be more socially inhibited. It can also influence children's motor skills, and cognitive ability even years after a deficiency has been corrected. In adults, iron deficiency is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0140673607612355\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">one of the world's leading causes of disability<\/a>. In rare cases, it can be <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34909345\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">life-threatening<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_1\" id=\"dotcom-mid_1\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\"><span id=\"a-widespread-issue\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kPypaC\"><b id=\"a-widespread-issue\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">A widespread issue<\/b><\/span><\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"It's a major global problem," says Michael Zimmermann, professor\u00a0of human nutrition at the University of Oxford in the UK and a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Zimmermann%20MB%5BAuthor%5D\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">long-time researcher<\/a> of micronutrient deficiencies. "It's very common. It's not going away very fast. And it is associated with a lot of disability."<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Most scientists agree that iron deficiency is a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/eclinm\/article\/PIIS2589-5370(22)00029-3\/fulltext\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">common condition<\/a>. But other questions persist, such as how exactly to define iron deficiency, or how likely it is, in the absence of other symptoms, to raise the risk of poor health outcomes. So, when should, and shouldn't, someone supplement their iron?\u00a0<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">What isn't disputed is that some groups are more susceptible to iron deficiency than others.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"quote-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><div class=\"sc-9967660-0 WkJHg\"><div class=\"sc-9967660-1 dBFvZy\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"personalisation\" icon=\"quote\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M9.83967 17.2131C9.205 17.2131 8.62967 17.3124 8.07567 17.5058C8.63767 13.3384 10.9143 10.0091 14.7517 6.88708H10.0903C6.281 10.2704 4.00033 14.6318 4.00033 20.0451C4.00033 24.4311 6.35567 26.9371 9.78967 26.9371C13.0223 26.9371 14.9023 24.5564 14.9023 21.9751C14.9023 19.2184 12.7217 17.2131 9.83967 17.2131Z\"><\/path><path d=\"M22.2957 17.2131C21.6611 17.2131 21.0864 17.3124 20.5317 17.5058C21.0931 13.3384 23.3704 10.0091 27.2077 6.88708H22.5464C18.7371 10.2704 16.4811 14.6318 16.4811 20.0451C16.4811 24.4311 18.8117 26.9371 22.2457 26.9371C25.4784 26.9371 27.3584 24.5564 27.3584 21.9751C27.3584 19.2184 25.1777 17.2131 22.2957 17.2131Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><span class=\"sc-9967660-2 kcfPbO\">When someone gets low on iron, their body begins to form red blood cells differently \u2013 Sant-Rayn Pasricha<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">In women, for example, iron-deficiency anaemia \u2013 where the body does not have enough iron to make sufficient red blood cells \u2013 is a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article\/133\/1\/30\/6613\/Iron-deficiency\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">leading cause of disability worldwide<\/a>. One study of first-time US blood donors found that <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/biolincc.nhlbi.nih.gov\/media\/studies\/rise\/Protocol.pdf\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">iron levels were low in 12% of women<\/a>, but in less than 3% of men, reflecting the impact made by regular blood loss through menstruation. Then there's the impact of pregnancy, which diverts nutrition to the foetus, meaning that women in this group are particularly at risk. One study found that <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29076149\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">46% of UK women<\/a> had anaemia at some point during pregnancy \u2013 though not all cases stemmed from iron deficiency.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_2\" id=\"dotcom-mid_2\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160xn\/p0kxpm9s.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240xn\/p0kxpm9s.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320xn\/p0kxpm9s.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kxpm9s.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640xn\/p0kxpm9s.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800xn\/p0kxpm9s.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024xn\/p0kxpm9s.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376xn\/p0kxpm9s.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kxpm9s.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kxpm9s.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Getty Images Kidney beans are a rich source of dietary iron (Credit: Getty Images)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">Kidney beans are a rich source of dietary iron (Credit: Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1139\/apnm-2014-0147\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">Endurance athletics<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/1559827616682933\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">vegetarianism or veganism<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03401.x\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">frequent blood donation<\/a> can all put both men and women at increased risk. People with certain health conditions might also be prone to lower iron levels. Kidney disease and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.3109\/00365529509093254\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">coeliac<\/a> disease can decrease iron absorption, for example.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\"><span id=\"a-critical-time\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kPypaC\"><b id=\"a-critical-time\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">A critical time<\/b><\/span><\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">But children are among the most vulnerable group to iron deficiency because the mineral is so important for their development.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"What's the most rapid period of growth in our entire lifespan? Infancy," says Mark Corkins, chair of the Committee on Nutrition at the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). "You triple your birth weight by a year of age. You double your length." As our bodies grow, they need more blood. And red blood cells are built \u2013 in part \u2013 on iron. Without that necessary iron, says Corkins, you risk not able to produce enough red blood cells to deliver oxygen to your growing tissues, including the brain.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Iron deficiency is especially common in children from lower income countries. "In studies I've done in Africa, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28774885\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">70% of babies between six and 12 months of age have clear iron-deficiency anaemia<\/a>," says Zimmermann.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_3\" id=\"dotcom-mid_3\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Even in wealthier countries, which have better overall nutrition and which are more likely to fortify certain food products with iron, this deficiency persists. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/5\/1040\/65343\/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">Up to 4% of toddlers in the US, for example, have iron-deficiency anaemia<\/a>, while some 15% have iron deficiency.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"callout-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eLrdPC\"><section class=\"sc-e11d1f0-0 eVThlc\"><div class=\"sc-e11d1f0-1 kDQByp\"><p class=\"sc-e11d1f0-3 fBWdkT\">Iron deficiency, iron-deficiency anaemia, and anaemia<\/p><div class=\"sc-e11d1f0-2 ewSByo\"><div class=\"sc-e11d1f0-4 gxuhBx\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Anaemia occurs when someone is not producing enough normal red blood cells or haemoglobin, the substance that carries oxygen around in your blood. While this can be due to various factors, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(07)61235-5\/fulltext\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">around half of all anaemia cases<\/a> are caused by iron deficiency. Adults with this condition, iron-deficiency anaemia, might experience weakness, extreme fatigue, or shortness of breath, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/iron-deficiency-anemia\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20355034\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">among other symptoms<\/a>. Symptoms in babies and small children are similar, though they might also have sleep issues \u2013 particularly <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3632071\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">frequent night wakes, restlessness during sleep,<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3632071\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">difficulty falling asleep<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Just because someone is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/5\/1040\/65343\/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">iron deficient<\/a> does not necessarily mean they will have anaemia. "Iron deficiency can be considered a stage prior to anaemia," says clinical haemotologist Sant-Rayn Pasricha, the head of the Melbourne School of Population and Global Health who specialises in iron deficiency and related conditions.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">The severity of the deficiency plays a key role, Pasricha explains. When someone gets low on iron, their body begins to form red blood cells differently, he says. They get smaller and, eventually, the amount of oxygen-carrying haemoglobin in that person's blood drops below a healthy level. "That's when we reach iron deficiency anaemia," Pasricha says.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Iron deficiency and anaemia are generally diagnosed with a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/iron-deficiency-anemia\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20355040\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">blood test<\/a> \u2013 usually one that examines levels of ferritin, a protein that helps store iron, or <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK259\/#:~:text=Definition,deciliter%20(g%2Fdl).\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">haemoglobin<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_4\" id=\"dotcom-mid_4\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\"><span id=\"a-matter-of-debate\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kPypaC\"><b id=\"a-matter-of-debate\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">A matter of debate<\/b><\/span><\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Some specialists question whether iron deficiency is always a cause for concern \u2013 especially if it arises in the absence of any physical symptoms and if the patient does not have anaemia.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Pasricha co-authored <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(20)32594-0\/fulltext\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">a review to help inform the World Health Organization's guidelines<\/a> on iron supplementation in women. In that research, he found something interesting.\u00a0<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">While those women in clinical trials who were iron deficient and reported feeling fatigued found that their fatigue improved upon taking iron supplements, the intervention didn't change the energy levels of women who were also iron deficient, but who had not reported fatigue.\u00a0<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"This hints to us that, at least in adults, if you're clinically unwell with an iron deficiency, then of course you should be treated and that will improve how you feel," Pasricha says. "But it also suggests that, if you're feeling perfectly fine, and someone just finds that you have a low iron level \u2013 then it's hard to be sure that that treating you then would boost you to feel any different."<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Overall, iron deficiency in the absence of anaemia has been studied less than iron-deficiency anaemia. But there are some broad conclusions we can make, researchers say.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_5\" id=\"dotcom-mid_5\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"The consensus is that iron-deficiency anaemia is certainly worse," says Zimmermann. "But iron deficiency is also associated with impairment."<\/p><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160xn\/p0kxpmfn.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240xn\/p0kxpmfn.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320xn\/p0kxpmfn.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kxpmfn.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640xn\/p0kxpmfn.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800xn\/p0kxpmfn.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024xn\/p0kxpmfn.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376xn\/p0kxpmfn.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kxpmfn.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kxpmfn.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Getty Images Endurance athletes are more likely to have an iron deficiency (Credit: Getty Images)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">Endurance athletes are more likely to have an iron deficiency (Credit: Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">According to some studies, the effects of iron-deficiency anaemia \u2013 particularly in children \u2013 can be long-lasting. "It's not just about [poor health outcomes] \u2013 it is that you didn't maximise your development," Corkins says.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">One review, for example, found a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17413089\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">"consistent association" between children with iron-deficiency anaemia having poorer cognitive performance<\/a> compared to controls. However, the researchers note, perhaps it's not iron-deficiency anaemia that's the problem. It could be the effect of anaemia in general, which depresses energy levels. The researchers also say in their review that it is hard to rule out the influence of socioeconomic factors on children\u2019s behaviour and cognition.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">This complexity lies at the heart of all nutrition research: is it the absence of a nutrient itself that's the problem, or is that deficiency a sign of something else going on?<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_6\" id=\"dotcom-mid_6\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">To complicate matters further, the criteria for defining iron deficiency in children is still up for debate, says Zimmermann. Because children are growing so fast, he adds, iron deficiency normally quickly leads to anaemia \u2013 which means it's not easy to find, and study, iron-deficient children who are not anaemic.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\"><span id=\"to-supplement-or-not-to-supplement\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kPypaC\"><b id=\"to-supplement-or-not-to-supplement\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">To supplement or not to supplement<\/b><\/span><\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Given that, and the potential consequences for their development, guidelines often advise supplementing children with iron at any sign of deficiency \u2013 or even to supplement as a prevention measure.\u00a0<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">In the US, for example, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that babies who are exclusively breastfed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/5\/1040\/65343\/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and?autologincheck=redirected\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">receive iron drops from four months old<\/a>, for example. This is because <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(07)61235-5\/fulltext\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">breastmilk has low levels of iron<\/a>, while formula milk is usually fortified.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">But some researchers question this approach.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Pasricha was involved in the largest trial to date that has examined the effect of supplementation on child development, he says. The study, of 3,300 eight-month-old babies in Bangladesh, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2034187\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">randomised children into groups that received either daily iron supplementation for three months, or a placebo<\/a>. He and colleagues measured the children's neurodevelopment before and after the supplementation. "We did not see any evidence of a functional benefit," he says, although they also saw no harm either way.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_7\" id=\"dotcom-mid_7\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"We did see that haemoglobin and iron status did improve in the children that received iron \u2013 but we didn't see that affect child development," says Pasricha. The "why", he says, "is something that the team is really grappling with".<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Other research has yielded similar findings. For example, in one study, even after infants with iron-deficiency anaemia received supplementation that corrected their anaemia, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1389945710002182?via%3Dihub\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">they continued to show more restless sleep patterns than their cohorts<\/a> \u2013 sometimes even years later.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">One possible reason might be that even a brief period of deficiency can lead to long-lasting harm. One study, for example, found that <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37143078\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">when children had had iron deficiency at birth<\/a>, they had less activation in the regions of their brain related to cognitive control at eight to 11 years old \u2013 even if their iron levels had been corrected.\u00a0<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">But another possibility, Pasricha says, is that it isn't the low iron itself that causes poorer development, but that low iron is an indicator of something else \u2013 such as other nutrients in a person's diet that are missing.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Meanwhile, there could also be downsides to supplementing children who don't actually have a deficiency. Some studies have found that babies and toddlers who had adequate iron levels, but received supplementation, had <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0140673694921512\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">poorer weight gain<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12729289\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">less growth<\/a> compared to controls. Randomised controlled trials have found that babies randomly assigned to high-iron formula milk scored more poorly on cognitive tests of abilities like visual memory, reading comprehension and mathematics at both <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22064877\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">10 years old<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31253407\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">16 years old<\/a>, compared to those on a low-iron formulation. However, exactly how much iron supplementation would avoid these effects remains unclear, the researchers say as other factors could also be involved.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_8\" id=\"dotcom-mid_8\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Given results like this, however, some experts have <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/5\/1040\/65343\/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and?autologincheck=redirected\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">criticised US guidelines<\/a> to supplement all breastfed infants.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Supplements can also have other side effects. Zimmermann, for example, has studied <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/content\/64\/5\/731.short\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">how supplementation can affect people's microbiome<\/a>. Bacteria thrive on iron, he says. The very small amount of iron that breastmilk has is bound to protective substances like lactoferrin, which helps to keep iron away from potential pathogens in the gut \u2013 especially protective for babies, who have immature immune systems. Giving a baby aged six months old micronutrient powders containing iron, which is what many experts recommend, could result in a negative outcome, says Zimmermann.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"These powders have very high amounts of iron in them\u2026 which can cause a very rapid shift in the microbiome," says Zimmermann. The babies can't absorb all that iron, which ends up impacting their gut microbiome \u2013 potentially towards a balance favouring "the pathogens we worry most about in babies", he says. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/content\/64\/5\/731.short\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">This includes <i id=\"e.-coli\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">E. coli<\/i><\/a>, which grows prolifically in the presence of iron.<\/p><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160xn\/p0kxpnwk.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240xn\/p0kxpnwk.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320xn\/p0kxpnwk.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kxpnwk.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640xn\/p0kxpnwk.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800xn\/p0kxpnwk.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024xn\/p0kxpnwk.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376xn\/p0kxpnwk.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kxpnwk.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kxpnwk.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Getty Images If an iron deficiency is making an adult feel unwell, iron supplements can help \u2013 but the story is less straightforward in children (Credit: Getty Images)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">If an iron deficiency is making an adult feel unwell, iron supplements can help \u2013 but the story is less straightforward in children (Credit: Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Many clinicians and researchers agree, however, that when someone has iron deficiency or iron-deficiency anaemia along with symptoms, supplementing can be one of the fastest ways to help them improve. One review of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/content\/49\/21\/1389.short\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">iron deficiency in endurance athletes<\/a>, for example, found that supplementation not only improved ferritin and haemoglobin, but athletes' aerobic capacity, too.\u00a0<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_9\" id=\"dotcom-mid_9\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Whether to take supplements \u2013 or give them to a child \u2013 is something that people should decide with the help of a doctor, experts say.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\"><span id=\"a-balanced-diet\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kPypaC\"><b id=\"a-balanced-diet\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">A balanced diet<\/b><\/span><\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">But in an ideal world, people would get sufficient iron <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/vitamins-and-minerals\/iron\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">by eating a balanced diet that includes iron-rich foods<\/a>, and avoid developing a deficiency in the first place \u2013 though this is not always possible. Ingredients such as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/vitamins-and-minerals\/iron\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">liver or red meat, pulses, including kidney and edamame beans and chickpeas, as well as nuts and dried fruits<\/a> are all considered good sources of iron.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/5\/1040\/65343\/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and?autologincheck=redirected\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends<\/a> that infants aged six to 12 months need 11 mg of iron per day. For toddlers, they recommend 7 mg, and for four- to eight-year-olds, 10 mg.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Part of the higher recommendation for younger babies is because of their rapid development, experts say. But it's also because there is an assumption being made that most infants' first solids will be foods like iron-fortified cereals, as well as fruits and vegetables \u2013 non-heme sources of iron, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/nutritionsource\/iron\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">which the body absorbs less readily<\/a> than heme sources, which are animal-derived, like meat, fish and eggs.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"Diet is the best approach. Your body tends to take it up better. Your body tends to use it better," Corkins says. "Now, if someone is profoundly anaemic, and you're trying to get them fixed faster \u2013 then you do supplementation."<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_10\" id=\"dotcom-mid_10\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">As for Ryan, she was able to correct her iron deficiency both times it happened: in pregnancy, with a supplement, and in 2023, with iron infusions, administered at her hospital, every two weeks for five months. "It wasn't a quick fix," she says. With time, however, she noticed her fatigue fade.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><b id=\"disclaimer\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\"><i id=\"disclaimer\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">Disclaimer<\/i><\/b><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><i id=\"all-content-within-this-column-is-provided-for-general-information-only,-and-should-not-be-treated-as-a-substitute-for-the-medical-advice-of-a-doctor-or-any-other-health-care-professional.-the-bbc-is-not-responsible-or-liable-for-any-diagnosis-made-by-a-user-based-on-the-content-of-this-site.-the-bbc-is-not-liable-for-the-contents-of-any-external-internet-sites-listed,-nor-does-it-endorse-any-commercial-product-or-service-mentioned-or-advised-on-any-of-the-sites.-always-consult-your-own-gp-if-you're-in-any-way-concerned-about-your-health.\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\"> All content within this column is provided for general information only, and should not be treated as a substitute for the medical advice of a doctor or any other health care professional. The BBC is not responsible or liable for any diagnosis made by a user based on the content of this site. The BBC is not liable for the contents of any external internet sites listed, nor does it endorse any commercial product or service mentioned or advised on any of the sites. Always consult your own GP if you're in any way concerned about your health.<\/i><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">--<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><i id=\"for-trusted-insights-into-better-health-and-wellbeing-rooted-in-science,-sign-up-to-the\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">For\u00a0trusted insights into better health and wellbeing rooted in science, sign up to the\u00a0<\/i><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/cloud.email.bbc.com\/HealthFix_Newsletter_Signup?&at_bbc_team=studios&at_medium=emails&at_objective=acquisition&at_ptr_type=&at_ptr_name=bbc.com&at_format=Module&at_link_origin=featurescallout&at_campaign=healthfix&at_campaign_type=owned\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><b id=\"health-fix-newsletter\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\"><i id=\"health-fix-newsletter\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">Health Fix newsletter<\/i><\/b><\/a><i id=\",-while\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">,\u00a0while\u00a0<\/i><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/cloud.email.bbc.com\/SignUp10_08?&at_bbc_team=studios&at_medium=Onsite&at_objective=acquisition&at_ptr_name=bbc.com&at_link_origin=featuresarticle&at_campaign=essentiallist&at_campaign_type=owned\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><b id=\"the-essential-list\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\"><i id=\"the-essential-list\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">The Essential List<\/i><\/b><\/a><b id=\"\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\"><i id=\"\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">\u00a0<\/i><\/b><i id=\"delivers-a-handpicked-selection-of-features-and-insights.\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">delivers a handpicked selection of features and insights.<\/i>\u00a0<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><i id=\"for-more-science,-technology,-environment-and-health-stories-from-the-bbc,-follow-us-on\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">For more science, technology, environment and health stories from the BBC, follow us on\u00a0<\/i><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/BBCFuture\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><b id=\"facebook\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\"><i id=\"facebook\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">Facebook<\/i><\/b><\/a><i id=\",\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">,\u00a0<\/i><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/BBC_Future\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><b id=\"x\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\"><i id=\"x\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">X<\/i><\/b><\/a><i id=\"and\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/i><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/bbcfuture_official\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><b id=\"instagram\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\"><i id=\"instagram\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">Instagram<\/i><\/b><\/a><b id=\".\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\"><i id=\".\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">.<\/i><\/b><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"tags\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jVHuOl\"><div class=\"sc-4b0aaa-0 dGavUm\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/tags\/health\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Health<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/tags\/humanbody\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Human body<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/tags\/chemistry\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Chemistry<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/tags\/biology\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Biology<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/tags\/science\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Science<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/tags\/features\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Features<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><aside data-testid=\"texas-section-outer\" data-analytics-group=\"true\" data-analytics_group_type=\"texas-20\" data-analytics_group_position=\"1\" data-analytics_group_item_count=\"20\" data-analytics_group_name=\"Watch\" class=\"sc-227eb15e-1 bPQaRs\"><div data-testid=\"texas-section\" class=\"sc-227eb15e-2 harZpM\"><div class=\"sc-2be11b79-2 koMJJi\"><div class=\"sc-2be11b79-1 ePwOJX\"><hr data-testid=\"texas-line\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-0 laRYIo\"\/><\/div><div data-testid=\"section-title-wrapper\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-3 iflVUS\"><div><span data-testid=\"texas-title\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-4 laLKDk\">Watch<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"texas-grid\" class=\"sc-8a8cf983-0 iYKspt\"><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-1 gaQDrT\"><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0kqkmz3\/theory-of-evolution-how-did-charles-darwin-come-up-with-it-\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kqp90m.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kqp90m.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kqp90m.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kqp90m.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kqp90m.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kqp90m.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kqp90m.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kqp90m.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kqp90m.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kqp90m.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Theory of Evolution: How did Charles Darwin come up with it?\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Theory of Evolution: How did Charles Darwin come up with it?<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">The British naturalist embarked on an extraordinary journey, did hundreds of experiments, and wrote for 20 years.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">12 Feb 2025<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0kl5x08\/the-power-of-hugs-for-reducing-inflammation-in-the-body\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kl622m.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kl622m.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kl622m.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kl622m.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kl622m.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kl622m.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kl622m.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kl622m.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kl622m.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kl622m.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"The surprising health benefit of hugs\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">The power of hugs for reducing inflammation in the body<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Dr. Lisa Dahlgren discusses the effect human touch has on our health and wellbeing.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">21 Jan 2025<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Health<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0kftjyg\/homo-juluensis-possible-new-ancient-human-identified\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kgwsjn.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kgwsjn.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kgwsjn.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kgwsjn.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kgwsjn.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kgwsjn.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kgwsjn.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kgwsjn.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kgwsjn.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kgwsjn.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"'Homo juluensis': Possible new ancient human identified\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Homo juluensis: Possible 'new ancient human' identified<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Researchers may have identified a new human species that lived around 300,000 years ago in Asia.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">6 Jan 2025<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0jt8x5z\/earth-tides-why-our-planet-s-crust-has-tides-too\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0jt9gtk.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0jt9gtk.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0jt9gtk.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0jt9gtk.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0jt9gtk.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0jt9gtk.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0jt9gtk.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0jt9gtk.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0jt9gtk.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0jt9gtk.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Why our planet's crust has tides too\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Earth tides: Why our planet's crust has tides too<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">How do they differ from the ocean? A geophysicist breaks it down for us.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">28 Sep 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Weather & science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0jlbpl3\/new-nasa-sonifications-listen-to-the-sound-of-the-universe\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0jp0p4j.png.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0jp0p4j.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0jp0p4j.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0jp0p4j.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0jp0p4j.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0jp0p4j.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0jp0p4j.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0jp0p4j.png.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0jp0p4j.png.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0jp0p4j.png.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Screenshot 2024 08 22 at 8 51 13 PM\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">New Nasa sonifications: Listen to the sound of the Universe<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Nasa has released new 'sonifications' of the Universe on the 25th anniversary of Chandra, its X-ray Observatory.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">9 Sep 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Space<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0jnbll0\/uncovering-the-sunken-relics-of-an-ancient-city\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Uncovering the sunken relics of an ancient city\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Uncovering the sunken relics of an ancient city<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Bettany Hughes goes underwater in search of ancient archaeological finds in historic Sozopol, Bulgaria.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">4 Sep 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Archaeology<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0jkkyc6\/in-australia-sea-lions-help-researchers-map-the-ocean-floor\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0jklf59.png.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0jklf59.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0jklf59.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0jklf59.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0jklf59.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0jklf59.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0jklf59.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0jklf59.png.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0jklf59.png.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0jklf59.png.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Screenshot 2024 08 20 at 2 00 51 PM min\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">In Australia, sea lions help researchers map the ocean floor<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Researchers in Australia put cameras on sea lions' backs to help them map the elusive ocean floor.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">21 Aug 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Earth<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0jgsff2\/the-scientists-drilling-into-an-active-icelandic-volcano\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0jhk026.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"The scientists drilling into an anctive Icelandic volcano\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">The scientists drilling into an active Icelandic volcano<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Scientists are preparing to drill into the rock of an Icelandic volcano to learn more about how volcanoes behave.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">17 Aug 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Climate solutions<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0j83nwv\/why-we-may-have-misunderstood-the-universe\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0j882d0.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0j882d0.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0j882d0.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0j882d0.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0j882d0.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0j882d0.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0j882d0.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0j882d0.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0j882d0.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0j882d0.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Why we may have misunderstood the Universe\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Why we may have misunderstood the Universe<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Research by a Nobel Prize winning astrophysicist suggests we have been wrong about the expansion of our Universe.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">4 Jul 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0gh5dgd\/how-flickering-lights-can-help-you-learn-better\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0gh6xp8.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0gh6xp8.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0gh6xp8.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0gh6xp8.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0gh6xp8.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0gh6xp8.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0gh6xp8.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0gh6xp8.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0gh6xp8.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0gh6xp8.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"How to boost your ability to learn\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">How flickering lights can help you learn better<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">The stunning new science of how lights flickering in tune to our brain rhythms can improve how quickly we learn.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">8 Nov 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0gn8kps\/the-butterfly-effect-what-is-chaos-theory-\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0gn8nnn.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0gn8nnn.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0gn8nnn.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0gn8nnn.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0gn8nnn.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0gn8nnn.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0gn8nnn.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0gn8nnn.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0gn8nnn.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0gn8nnn.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"What is chaos theory?\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">The butterfly effect: What is chaos theory?<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">The world was explained through the laws of physics until a meteorologist saw the pattern of chaos.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">23 Oct 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0gf55h4\/scientists-create-world-s-first-synthetic-embryos\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0gf57b5.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0gf57b5.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0gf57b5.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0gf57b5.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0gf57b5.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0gf57b5.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0gf57b5.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0gf57b5.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0gf57b5.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0gf57b5.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"The world's first 'synthetic' embryos\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Scientists create world's first 'synthetic' embryos<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Researchers in Israel have created 'synthetic' embryos without using a sperm or egg.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">17 Sep 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0fxn135\/why-can-t-i-remember-people-s-faces-\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0gbyckf.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0gbyckf.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0gbyckf.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0gbyckf.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0gbyckf.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0gbyckf.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0gbyckf.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0gbyckf.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0gbyckf.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0gbyckf.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Why can\u2019t I remember people\u2019s faces?\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Why can\u2019t I remember people\u2019s faces?<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Prosopagnosia, or face blindness, is a brain disorder that affects the ability to recognise people.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">6 Sep 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0g9hhcg\/four-ways-to-understand-the-multiverse\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0g9hzs2.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0g9hzs2.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0g9hzs2.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g9hzs2.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0g9hzs2.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0g9hzs2.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0g9hzs2.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0g9hzs2.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0g9hzs2.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g9hzs2.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"The multiverse explained...in four ways\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Four ways to understand the multiverse<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Max Tobin and world-renowned physicist Max Tegmark guide us through four ways to understand the multiverse.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">29 Aug 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0g7ch3b\/maui-s-grass-fire-cycle-explained\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0g7crg3.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0g7crg3.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0g7crg3.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g7crg3.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0g7crg3.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0g7crg3.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0g7crg3.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0g7crg3.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0g7crg3.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g7crg3.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Maui's grass-fire cycle explained\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Maui's grass-fire cycle explained<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Grasses that aren't native to Maui fueled the wildfires we see today. How did this happen?<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">17 Aug 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0g4fxxt\/ancient-worms-found-in-siberia-permafrost-come-back-to-life\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0g4fych.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0g4fych.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0g4fych.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g4fych.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0g4fych.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0g4fych.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0g4fych.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0g4fych.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0g4fych.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g4fych.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Ancient worms revived after 46,000 years\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Ancient worms found in Siberia permafrost come back to life<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Scientists have revived a pair of 46,000-year-old worms found deep in the Siberian permafrost.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">3 Aug 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0g4174s\/is-this-mysterious-animal-the-key-to-human-longevity-\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0g479zv.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0g479zv.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0g479zv.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g479zv.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0g479zv.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0g479zv.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0g479zv.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0g479zv.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0g479zv.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g479zv.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Is this mysterious animal the key to human longevity?\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Is this mysterious animal the key to human longevity?<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">The olm can live for 100 years.\u00a0Scientists want to decode its genome to unveil the secret to longevity.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">1 Aug 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0g2wfwh\/the-oppenheimer-dilemma-h-bomb-vs-a-bomb\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0g2wk28.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0g2wk28.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0g2wk28.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g2wk28.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0g2wk28.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0g2wk28.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0g2wk28.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0g2wk28.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0g2wk28.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g2wk28.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"The Oppenheimer dilemma: H-bomb vs A-bomb\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">The Oppenheimer dilemma: H-bomb vs A-bomb<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Oppenheimer, the father of the atomic bomb, was against hydrogen bombs. But what\u2019s the difference?<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">27 Jul 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0g22nf3\/the-enigmatic-blueprint-to-a-mirror-universe\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0g22ssz.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0g22ssz.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0g22ssz.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g22ssz.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0g22ssz.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0g22ssz.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0g22ssz.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0g22ssz.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0g22ssz.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g22ssz.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"The enigmatic blueprint to a mirror universe\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">The enigmatic blueprint to a mirror Universe<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">The discovery of the substance that could unravel the whole mystery of existence.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">21 Jul 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0fvdy88\/the-poisonous-origin-of-life-on-earth\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0fvmj7t.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0fvmj7t.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0fvmj7t.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0fvmj7t.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0fvmj7t.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0fvmj7t.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0fvmj7t.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0fvmj7t.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0fvmj7t.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0fvmj7t.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Poison2\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">The poisonous origin of life on Earth<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Could proof of life on Mars reveal the poisonous origin of life on Earth?<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">21 Jun 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/aside><aside data-testid=\"alaska-section-outer\" data-analytics-group=\"true\" data-analytics_group_type=\"alaska-5\" data-analytics_group_position=\"2\" data-analytics_group_item_count=\"5\" data-analytics_group_name=\"More\" class=\"sc-227eb15e-1 dYnBSI\"><div data-testid=\"alaska-section\" class=\"sc-227eb15e-2 harZpM\"><div class=\"sc-2be11b79-2 koMJJi\"><div class=\"sc-2be11b79-1 ePwOJX\"><hr data-testid=\"alaska-line\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-0 bHUvKO\"\/><\/div><div data-testid=\"section-title-wrapper\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-3 iflVUS\"><div><span data-testid=\"alaska-title\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-4 fAxgMO\">More<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-da05643e-0 kbaPPZ\"><div data-testid=\"alaska-grid\" class=\"sc-93223220-0 sc-da05643e-1 fiJvSm djXsFQ\"><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/travel\/article\/20250310-alberto-angela-an-italian-cultural-ambassadors-guide-to-rome\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">19 hrs ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kxc1sm.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kxc1sm.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kxc1sm.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kxc1sm.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kxc1sm.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kxc1sm.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kxc1sm.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kxc1sm.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kxc1sm.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kxc1sm.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Alberto Angela with the ruins on Palatine Hill behind him (Credit: Barbara Ledda)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">An Italian cultural ambassador's guide to Rome<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">Alberto Angela has made a career out of exploring his hometown. Here are his favourite spots to unearth Rome's millennia of secrets, from the Vatican Museums to Ostia Antica.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">19 hrs ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Travel<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/travel\/article\/20250307-the-art-curator-saving-the-worlds-rarest-fruit\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">22 hrs ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kwv3tl.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kwv3tl.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kwv3tl.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kwv3tl.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kwv3tl.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kwv3tl.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kwv3tl.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kwv3tl.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kwv3tl.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kwv3tl.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Vicente Todol\u00ed at Todol\u00ed Citrus (Credit: Lucy Lovell)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">The art curator saving the world's rarest fruit<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">Former Tate Modern director Vicente Todol\u00ed founded Todol\u00ed Citrus Fundaci\u00f3 to preserve rare citrus varieties and compile a catalogue of farming knowledge to inspire future generations.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">22 hrs ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Travel<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/culture\/article\/20250311-rembrandt-to-picasso-five-ways-to-spot-a-fake-masterpiece\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">24 hrs ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kxjxdc.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kxjxdc.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kxjxdc.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kxjxdc.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kxjxdc.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kxjxdc.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kxjxdc.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kxjxdc.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kxjxdc.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kxjxdc.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Portrait of Saint Jerome (Credit: Alamy)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">Five ways to spot a fake masterpiece<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">The recent discovery of an art forger's workshop reminds us of the long history of fraudulent artworks \u2013 here are the simple rules to work them out.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">24 hrs ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Culture<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/article\/20250311-the-women-fighting-indias-worm-poachers\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">1 day ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kxh314.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kxh314.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kxh314.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kxh314.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kxh314.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kxh314.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kxh314.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kxh314.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kxh314.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kxh314.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Flamingos stand in the waters of Pulicat Lake, India (Credit: Getty Images)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">The women tackling India's worm poachers<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">India's bristle worms are often overlooked. But they are crucial to the health of the country's wetlands \u2013 so local women are working to catch the poachers decimating their population.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">1 day ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Future<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_11\" id=\"dotcom-mid_11\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/article\/20250217-how-a-tiny-village-became-indias-youtube-capital\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">2 days ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 fKfpeF\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0ks109t.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0ks109t.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0ks109t.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0ks109t.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0ks109t.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0ks109t.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0ks109t.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0ks109t.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0ks109t.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0ks109t.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"A brightly coloured illustration of a woman's hands holding a smartphone, which shows a woman wearing a green, pink and yellow sari sat on a white chair surrounded by greenery on the screen (Credit: Estudio Santa Rita)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">How a tiny village became India's YouTube capital<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">In Tulsi, a village in central India, social media has sparked an economic and social revolution. It's a microcosm of YouTube's effect on the world.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">2 days ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Future<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/aside><div class=\"zephr_meter_beta\"><\/div><div class=\"zephr_story_beta\"><\/div><\/main><hr data-testid=\"main-footer-divider\" class=\"sc-c05885a3-2 eBEgvI\"\/><footer data-testid=\"main-footer\" class=\"sc-c05885a3-0 bbntGk\"><div class=\"sc-c05885a3-3 jqsEov\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 112 32\" category=\"logo\" icon=\"bbc\" style=\"height:30px\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 itfIsL\"><title>British Broadcasting Corporation<\/title><path d=\"M111.99999,4.44444577e-05 L111.99999,32.0000444 L79.9999905,32.0000444 L79.9999905,4.44444577e-05 L111.99999,4.44444577e-05 Z M72.0000119,-3.55271368e-15 L72.0000119,32 L40.0000119,32 L40.0000119,-3.55271368e-15 L72.0000119,-3.55271368e-15 Z M32,-3.55271368e-15 L32,32 L-1.13686838e-13,32 L-1.13686838e-13,-3.55271368e-15 L32,-3.55271368e-15 Z M97.469329,6.80826869 C96.0294397,6.80826869 94.7294393,7.02226876 93.5693278,7.44982444 C92.4089942,7.87782457 91.4137717,8.49471364 90.5841047,9.30049166 C89.7538823,10.1067141 89.1188821,11.07327 88.6785486,12.199937 C88.2378818,13.3269373 88.0177706,14.5896043 88.0177706,15.9876048 C88.0177706,17.4188274 88.2296596,18.7062722 88.6531042,19.8493837 C89.0763265,20.9929396 89.6861045,21.9591621 90.482438,22.748829 C91.2784383,23.5383848 92.2522163,24.1430516 93.4042167,24.5624962 C94.5558837,24.9819408 95.8516619,25.1917186 97.2914401,25.1917186 C98.3752182,25.1917186 99.4086629,25.072163 100.391219,24.8338296 C101.37333,24.5956073 102.237108,24.2706072 102.982664,23.8592738 L102.982664,23.8592738 L102.982664,20.4292727 C101.40733,21.4001619 99.6881074,21.8851621 97.8251069,21.8851621 C96.6054399,21.8851621 95.567884,21.6549398 94.7126615,21.194273 C93.8572168,20.7338284 93.2049944,20.0633837 92.7564387,19.1831613 C92.3073275,18.3032721 92.0831052,17.2380496 92.0831052,15.9876048 C92.0831052,14.7377155 92.3156608,13.6766041 92.7816609,12.8044927 C93.2474389,11.9327147 93.916328,11.2664922 94.7888838,10.8058254 C95.6609951,10.3453809 96.715551,10.1148252 97.9521069,10.1148252 C98.8496628,10.1148252 99.7052186,10.2342697 100.518108,10.4726031 C101.331219,10.7112699 102.084664,11.0609366 102.779442,11.5212701 L102.779442,11.5212701 L102.779442,8.01738016 C102.017219,7.62260227 101.191441,7.32260218 100.302219,7.11671323 C99.4129963,6.91126872 98.4685515,6.80826869 97.469329,6.80826869 Z M55.7552388,7.00000208 L49.0000146,7.00000208 L49.0000146,25.0000021 L56.1713501,25.0000021 C57.590906,25.0000021 58.8063508,24.7903407 59.8181289,24.3706739 C60.8297959,23.9513405 61.6087961,23.3553403 62.1555741,22.5832289 C62.7020187,21.8114509 62.9754632,20.8882284 62.9754632,19.8140059 C62.9754632,18.7232278 62.6941298,17.7960053 62.1312407,17.0321162 C61.5681294,16.2686715 60.7563514,15.7104491 59.6957955,15.3580046 C60.4625736,14.9891156 61.0420182,14.4894488 61.4335738,13.8601152 C61.8252406,13.2307817 62.0210185,12.4881148 62.0210185,11.6321146 C62.0210185,10.1385586 61.4742405,8.99311379 60.3812402,8.19578022 C59.2877954,7.39889109 57.745795,7.00000208 55.7552388,7.00000208 L55.7552388,7.00000208 Z M15.7552269,7.00000208 L9.00000268,7.00000208 L9.00000268,25.0000021 L16.1713381,25.0000021 C17.5908941,25.0000021 18.8062278,24.7903407 19.8182281,24.3706739 C20.8296729,23.9513405 21.6087842,23.3553403 22.1555621,22.5832289 C22.7021179,21.8114509 22.9755624,20.8882284 22.9755624,19.8140059 C22.9755624,18.7232278 22.6941179,17.7960053 22.1311177,17.0321162 C21.5682286,16.2686715 20.7563395,15.7104491 19.6957836,15.3580046 C20.4625616,14.9891156 21.0418952,14.4894488 21.4335619,13.8601152 C21.8252287,13.2307817 22.0210066,12.4881148 22.0210066,11.6321146 C22.0210066,10.1385586 21.4741175,8.99311379 20.3811172,8.19578022 C19.2877835,7.39889109 17.7457831,7.00000208 15.7552269,7.00000208 L15.7552269,7.00000208 Z M55.8775833,17.2209385 C58.1128062,17.2209385 59.2308065,18.0434943 59.2308065,19.6881614 C59.2308065,20.4602728 58.9369175,21.0518285 58.3496951,21.4629397 C57.7622505,21.8743843 56.9216947,22.0797177 55.8286944,22.0797177 L55.8286944,22.0797177 L52.6469157,22.0797177 L52.6469157,17.2209385 Z M15.8775714,17.2209385 C18.1129054,17.2209385 19.2307946,18.0434943 19.2307946,19.6881614 C19.2307946,20.4602728 18.9370167,21.0518285 18.3496832,21.4629397 C17.7622386,21.8743843 16.9216828,22.0797177 15.8286825,22.0797177 L15.8286825,22.0797177 L12.6469038,22.0797177 L12.6469038,17.2209385 Z M55.412572,9.92028073 C57.3541282,9.92028073 58.3252396,10.6338365 58.3252396,12.0600591 C58.3252396,12.7988371 58.0763506,13.373504 57.5786838,13.7846152 C57.0807948,14.1960598 56.3587946,14.4013932 55.412572,14.4013932 L55.412572,14.4013932 L52.6469046,14.4013932 L52.6469046,9.92028073 Z M15.4125601,9.92028073 C17.3541163,9.92028073 18.3252277,10.6338365 18.3252277,12.0600591 C18.3252277,12.7988371 18.0762276,13.373504 17.5786719,13.7846152 C17.0807829,14.1960598 16.3587826,14.4013932 15.4125601,14.4013932 L15.4125601,14.4013932 L12.6468927,14.4013932 L12.6468927,9.92028073 Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><section class=\"sc-19b1eb93-0 hYxbtM\"><nav role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Footer navigation\"><ul class=\"sc-19b1eb93-1 fwyFkM\"><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Home<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">News<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/sport\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Sport<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/business\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Business<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/innovation\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Innovation<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/culture\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Culture<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/arts\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Arts<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/travel\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Travel<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Earth<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/audio\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Audio<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/video\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Video<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/live\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Live<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Weather<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/shop.bbc.com\/\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">BBC Shop<\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/section><section class=\"sc-b310c64c-0 cUeFDY\"><div class=\"sc-b310c64c-1 gyQHkZ\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"sc-b310c64c-2 cJfGSm\">BBC in other languages<div class=\"sc-b310c64c-3 iqAXuG\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"arrow-down\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M26.7 12.6 16 23.2 5.3 12.6V8.8h21.4v3.8z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/section><div data-testid=\"social-follow-us-container\" class=\"sc-97754ce7-0 iNEkxQ\"><h2 class=\"sc-97754ce7-1 friRUH\">Follow BBC on:<\/h2><div data-testid=\"social-follow-us-icon-buttons\" class=\"sc-97754ce7-2 gRRybj\"><div aria-label=\"Follow BBC on x\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-selected=\"false\" class=\"sc-97754ce7-5 hmVYPm\"><button type=\"button\" data-testid=\"social-button-x\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 dhvNxi dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 IaJUO\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" category=\"social\" icon=\"x\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M8.3319 5.92804L13.5437 0H12.3087L7.78327 5.14724L4.16883 0H0L5.46574 7.78354L0 14H1.2351L6.01406 8.56434L9.83117 14H14L8.3316 5.92804H8.3319ZM6.64026 7.85211L6.08647 7.07705L1.68013 0.909776H3.57717L7.13314 5.88696L7.68693 6.66202L12.3093 13.1316H10.4122L6.64026 7.85241V7.85211Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/button><\/div><div aria-label=\"Follow BBC on facebook\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-selected=\"false\" class=\"sc-97754ce7-5 hmVYPm\"><button type=\"button\" data-testid=\"social-button-facebook\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 dhvNxi dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 IaJUO\"><svg width=\"9\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 9 16\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" category=\"social\" icon=\"facebook\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M6.80799 2.65602H8.31199V0.112024C7.58379 0.0363015 6.85211 -0.00108342 6.11999 2.38913e-05C3.94399 2.38913e-05 2.456 1.32802 2.456 3.76002V5.85601H0V8.70401H2.456V16H5.39999V8.70401H7.84799L8.21599 5.85601H5.39999V4.04002C5.39999 3.20002 5.62399 2.65602 6.80799 2.65602Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/button><\/div><div aria-label=\"Follow BBC on instagram\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-selected=\"false\" class=\"sc-97754ce7-5 hmVYPm\"><button type=\"button\" data-testid=\"social-button-instagram\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 dhvNxi dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 IaJUO\"><svg width=\"18\" height=\"17\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 17\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" category=\"social\" icon=\"instagram\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M12.7227 0.189697H5.28726C4.13732 0.190927 3.03482 0.648288 2.22168 1.46143C1.40854 2.27456 0.951181 3.37706 0.949951 4.52701V11.9624C0.951181 13.1124 1.40854 14.2149 2.22168 15.028C3.03482 15.8411 4.13732 16.2985 5.28726 16.2997H12.7227C13.8726 16.2985 14.9751 15.8411 15.7882 15.028C16.6014 14.2149 17.0587 13.1124 17.06 11.9624V4.52701C17.0587 3.37706 16.6014 2.27456 15.7882 1.46143C14.9751 0.648288 13.8726 0.190927 12.7227 0.189697ZM9.00496 11.9624C8.26967 11.9624 7.55089 11.7444 6.93952 11.3359C6.32815 10.9274 5.85164 10.3467 5.57026 9.66741C5.28887 8.98809 5.21525 8.24058 5.3587 7.51942C5.50215 6.79826 5.85622 6.13583 6.37615 5.6159C6.89608 5.09597 7.55851 4.74189 8.27968 4.59845C9.00084 4.455 9.74834 4.52862 10.4277 4.81C11.107 5.09139 11.6876 5.56789 12.0961 6.17927C12.5046 6.79064 12.7227 7.50942 12.7227 8.24471C12.7216 9.23039 12.3296 10.1754 11.6326 10.8724C10.9357 11.5694 9.99064 11.9614 9.00496 11.9624ZM13.6521 4.52701C13.4683 4.52701 13.2886 4.4725 13.1357 4.37038C12.9829 4.26825 12.8638 4.12309 12.7934 3.95326C12.7231 3.78343 12.7047 3.59656 12.7405 3.41626C12.7764 3.23597 12.8649 3.07037 12.9949 2.94038C13.1249 2.8104 13.2905 2.72188 13.4708 2.68602C13.6511 2.65016 13.8379 2.66856 14.0078 2.73891C14.1776 2.80926 14.3227 2.92838 14.4249 3.08123C14.527 3.23407 14.5815 3.41376 14.5815 3.59759C14.5815 3.84409 14.4836 4.08049 14.3093 4.25479C14.135 4.42909 13.8986 4.52701 13.6521 4.52701ZM11.4834 8.24471C11.4834 8.7349 11.3381 9.21409 11.0657 9.62167C10.7934 10.0293 10.4063 10.3469 9.95343 10.5345C9.50055 10.7221 9.00221 10.7712 8.52144 10.6756C8.04066 10.5799 7.59904 10.3439 7.25242 9.99725C6.9058 9.65063 6.66975 9.20901 6.57412 8.72823C6.47849 8.24746 6.52757 7.74912 6.71516 7.29624C6.90275 6.84336 7.22042 6.45628 7.628 6.18394C8.03558 5.9116 8.51477 5.76624 9.00496 5.76624C9.66229 5.76624 10.2927 6.02737 10.7575 6.49217C11.2223 6.95697 11.4834 7.58738 11.4834 8.24471Z\" fill=\"black\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/button><\/div><div aria-label=\"Follow BBC on tiktok\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-selected=\"false\" class=\"sc-97754ce7-5 hmVYPm\"><button type=\"button\" data-testid=\"social-button-tiktok\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 dhvNxi dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 IaJUO\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 19\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" category=\"social\" icon=\"tiktok\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M12.6992 2.92929C12.0014 2.13265 11.6168 1.10958 11.6171 0.0505371H8.46271V12.7089C8.43838 13.3939 8.14918 14.0427 7.65601 14.5187C7.16284 14.9948 6.50419 15.2609 5.81875 15.261C4.36917 15.261 3.16458 14.0768 3.16458 12.6068C3.16458 10.851 4.85917 9.53408 6.60479 10.0751V6.84929C3.08292 6.3797 0 9.11554 0 12.6068C0 16.0062 2.8175 18.4255 5.80854 18.4255C9.01396 18.4255 11.6171 15.8224 11.6171 12.6068V6.18575C12.8962 7.10434 14.4319 7.5972 16.0067 7.5945V4.44012C16.0067 4.44012 14.0875 4.532 12.6992 2.92929Z\" fill=\"black\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/button><\/div><div aria-label=\"Follow BBC on linkedin\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-selected=\"false\" class=\"sc-97754ce7-5 hmVYPm\"><button type=\"button\" data-testid=\"social-button-linkedin\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 dhvNxi dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 IaJUO\"><svg width=\"15\" height=\"15\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 15\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" category=\"social\" icon=\"linkedin\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M3.14795 1.57476C3.14775 1.99221 2.98172 2.39247 2.68639 2.6875C2.39107 2.98253 1.99063 3.14816 1.57319 3.14795C1.15575 3.14775 0.755481 2.98172 0.460451 2.68639C0.16542 2.39107 -0.000208525 1.99064 1.97032e-07 1.57319C0.000208919 1.15575 0.166238 0.755481 0.461564 0.460451C0.756889 0.16542 1.15732 -0.000208525 1.57476 1.97032e-07C1.99221 0.000208919 2.39247 0.166238 2.6875 0.461564C2.98253 0.756889 3.14816 1.15732 3.14795 1.57476ZM3.19517 4.31348H0.0472195V14.1666H3.19517V4.31348ZM8.16894 4.31348H5.03673V14.1666H8.13746V8.99607C8.13746 6.11569 11.8914 5.84811 11.8914 8.99607V14.1666H15V7.92576C15 3.07004 9.44386 3.25105 8.13746 5.63563L8.16894 4.31348Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/button><\/div><div aria-label=\"Follow BBC on youtube\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-selected=\"false\" class=\"sc-97754ce7-5 hmVYPm\"><button type=\"button\" data-testid=\"social-button-youtube\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 dhvNxi dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 IaJUO\"><svg width=\"19\" height=\"15\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 15\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" category=\"social\" icon=\"youtube\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M9.48685 0.29126C9.98138 0.293864 11.2186 0.305151 12.5337 0.35464L13.0004 0.37374C14.3238 0.431911 15.6463 0.532624 16.3029 0.703663C17.178 0.934609 17.8652 1.60661 18.0976 2.4592C18.468 3.81362 18.5144 6.45474 18.5199 7.09462L18.5208 7.22659V7.37766C18.5144 8.01753 18.468 10.6595 18.0976 12.0131C17.8624 12.8683 17.1743 13.5411 16.3029 13.7686C15.6463 13.9397 14.3238 14.0404 13.0004 14.0985L12.5337 14.1185C11.2186 14.1671 9.98138 14.1793 9.48685 14.181L9.26921 14.1819H9.03306C7.98658 14.1758 3.60989 14.1315 2.21705 13.7686C1.34283 13.5377 0.654744 12.8657 0.422296 12.0131C0.051861 10.6587 0.00555653 8.01753 0 7.37766V7.09462C0.00555653 6.45474 0.051861 3.81275 0.422296 2.4592C0.657523 1.60401 1.34561 0.931136 2.21798 0.704532C3.60989 0.340748 7.98751 0.296469 9.03399 0.29126H9.48685ZM7.40778 4.19824V10.2758L12.9643 7.23701L7.40778 4.19824Z\" fill=\"black\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><section class=\"sc-e205027-0 vUnzo\"><nav><ul class=\"sc-e205027-1 bpAeuU\"><li class=\"sc-e205027-2 gMaXrB\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/usingthebbc\/terms\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-e205027-3 jOEMgn\">Terms of Use<\/a><\/div><\/li><li class=\"sc-e205027-2 gMaXrB\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/aboutthebbc\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-e205027-3 jOEMgn\">About the BBC<\/a><\/div><\/li><li class=\"sc-e205027-2 gMaXrB\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/usingthebbc\/privacy\/\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-e205027-3 jOEMgn\">Privacy Policy<\/a><\/div><\/li><li class=\"sc-e205027-2 gMaXrB\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/usingthebbc\/cookies\/\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-e205027-3 jOEMgn\">Cookies<\/a><\/div><\/li><li class=\"sc-e205027-2 gMaXrB\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/accessibility\/\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-e205027-3 jOEMgn\">Accessibility Help<\/a><\/div><\/li><li class=\"sc-e205027-2 gMaXrB\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/contact\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-e205027-3 jOEMgn\">Contact the BBC<\/a><\/div><\/li><li class=\"sc-e205027-2 gMaXrB\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/advertisingcontact\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-e205027-3 jOEMgn\">Advertise with us<\/a><\/div><\/li><li class=\"sc-e205027-2 gMaXrB\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/usingthebbc\/cookies\/how-can-i-change-my-bbc-cookie-settings\/\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-e205027-3 jOEMgn\">Do not share or sell my info<\/a><\/div><\/li><li class=\"sc-e205027-2 gMaXrB\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/contact-bbc-com-help\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-e205027-3 jOEMgn\">Contact technical support<\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/section><div class=\"sc-c05885a3-1 gkyhbo\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Copyright 2025 BBC. All rights reserved.\u00a0<i id=\"\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">\u00a0<\/i>The<i id=\"bbc\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\"> BBC <\/i>is<i id=\"not-responsible-for-the-content-of-external-sites.\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\"> not responsible for the content of external sites.<\/i>\u00a0<a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/editorialguidelines\/guidance\/feeds-and-links\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><b id=\"read-about-our-approach-to-external-linking.\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">Read about our approach to external linking.<\/b><\/a><\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">\u00a0<\/p><\/div><\/footer><\/div><\/div><script id=\"__NEXT_DATA__\" type=\"application\/json\">{\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"page\":{\"@\\\"future\\\",\\\"article\\\",\\\"20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\\\",\":{\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:future\/article\/20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\",\"contents\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The global challenge of iron deficiency \u2013 and why scientists can't agree if supplements are the answer\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"timestamp\",\"model\":{\"timestamp\":1741860000000}},{\"type\":\"byline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"contributor\",\"model\":{\"topicUrl\":\"future\/author\/amanda-ruggeri\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"name\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"By Amanda Ruggeri\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"By Amanda Ruggeri\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"timestamp\",\"model\":{\"timestamp\":1741860000000}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"(Credit: Getty Images)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"(Credit: Getty Images)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Red blood cells as seen under a microscope (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Red blood cells as seen under a microscope (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"height\":1080,\"width\":1920,\"locator\":\"\/p0kxplym.jpg\",\"originCode\":\"ic\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\"}}],\"emphasiseImage\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A lack of this vital nutrient is one of the world's leading causes of disability \u2013 but exactly when it becomes a problem, and the best way to treat it, remains unclear.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A lack of this vital nutrient is one of the world's leading causes of disability \u2013 but exactly when it becomes a problem, and the best way to treat it, remains unclear.\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}}]}}],\"bodyIntro\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"When Megan Ryan first noticed her fatigue, she assumed it was normal. After all, she was a single parent to a three-year-old.\u00a0She also worked full-time. Almost every day, when she picked her son up from daycare, she'd fall asleep with him during his afternoon nap. She didn't think much about it. \\\"I just thought, 'Oh, this is motherhood',\\\" says Ryan, who lives in upstate New York, US. At a routine medical check-up in June 2023, her doctor asked if she felt exhausted. Blood test results showed that Ryan had iron deficiency anaemia.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"When Megan Ryan first noticed her fatigue, she assumed it was normal. After all, she was a single parent to a three-year-old.\u00a0She also worked full-time. Almost every day, when she picked her son up from daycare, she'd fall asleep with him during his afternoon nap. She didn't think much about it. \\\"I just thought, 'Oh, this is motherhood',\\\" says Ryan, who lives in upstate New York, US. At a routine medical check-up in June 2023, her doctor asked if she felt exhausted. Blood test results showed that Ryan had iron deficiency anaemia.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Looking back, there had been other signs. Despite regularly working out, Ryan had suddenly started to feel winded on routine hikes. She had also had iron deficiency before, during pregnancy. That time, her midwife suspected it after Ryan mentioned that her only pregnancy craving was ice \u2013 a classic sign of pica, which is, in turn, a symptom of iron deficiency.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Looking back, there had been other signs. Despite regularly working out, Ryan had suddenly started to feel winded on routine hikes. She had also had iron deficiency before, during pregnancy. That time, her midwife suspected it after Ryan mentioned that her only pregnancy craving was ice \u2013 a classic sign of pica, which is, in turn, \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"a symptom of iron deficiency\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10199804\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"a symptom of iron deficiency\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\".\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Iron deficiency is most common micronutrient deficiency in the world today, affecting roughly two billion people. It is especially prevalent among children as well as women of reproductive age, including pregnant women.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Iron deficiency is \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"most common micronutrient deficiency\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/eclinm\/article\/PIIS2589-5370(22)00029-3\/fulltext\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"most common micronutrient deficiency\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" in the world today, affecting roughly two billion people. It is especially prevalent among children as well as women of reproductive age, including pregnant women.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The condition can cause a wide range of consequences. When a pregnant woman doesn't have adequate iron stores, for example, it can affect the foetus' brain development and there is also a higher risk of low birth weight, preterm birth, dying during pregnancy and stillbirth. For babies and toddlers, not having enough iron can affect long-term development, with studies finding that children are at risk\u00a0of exhibiting behavioural issues \u2013 they are less happy and contented, and tend to be more socially inhibited. It can also influence children's motor skills, and cognitive ability even years after a deficiency has been corrected. In adults, iron deficiency is one of the world's leading causes of disability. In rare cases, it can be life-threatening.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The condition can cause a wide range of consequences. When a pregnant woman doesn't have adequate iron stores, for example, \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"it can affect the foetus' brain development\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society\/article\/iron-deficiency-during-pregnancy-the-consequences-for-placental-function-and-fetal-outcome\/FECFF2CEC3CFD96AB0515197B13651A6\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"it can affect the foetus' brain development\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" and there is also a higher risk of \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"low birth weight, preterm birth\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190222092727id_\/http:\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/36b8\/2a35ec215bdb885c22c7486d6ca8928f0724.pdf\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"low birth weight, preterm birth\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"dying during pregnancy and stillbirth\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29076149\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"dying during pregnancy and stillbirth\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\". For babies and toddlers, not having enough iron \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"can affect long-term development\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17413089\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"can affect long-term development\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", with studies finding that \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"children are at risk\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article\/69\/suppl_1\/S43\/1815399\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"children are at risk\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u00a0of exhibiting behavioural issues \u2013 they are less happy and contented, and tend to be more socially inhibited. It can also influence children's motor skills, and cognitive ability even years after a deficiency has been corrected. In adults, iron deficiency is \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"one of the world's leading causes of disability\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0140673607612355\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"one of the world's leading causes of disability\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\". In rare cases, it can be \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"life-threatening\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34909345\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"life-threatening\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\".\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_1\"},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A widespread issue\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A widespread issue\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\",\"h1\"]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"It's a major global problem,\\\" says Michael Zimmermann, professor\u00a0of human nutrition at the University of Oxford in the UK and a long-time researcher of micronutrient deficiencies. \\\"It's very common. It's not going away very fast. And it is associated with a lot of disability.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"It's a major global problem,\\\" says Michael Zimmermann, professor\u00a0of human nutrition at the University of Oxford in the UK and a \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"long-time researcher\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Zimmermann%20MB%5BAuthor%5D\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"long-time researcher\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" of micronutrient deficiencies. \\\"It's very common. It's not going away very fast. And it is associated with a lot of disability.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Most scientists agree that iron deficiency is a common condition. But other questions persist, such as how exactly to define iron deficiency, or how likely it is, in the absence of other symptoms, to raise the risk of poor health outcomes. So, when should, and shouldn't, someone supplement their iron?\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Most scientists agree that iron deficiency is a \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"common condition\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/eclinm\/article\/PIIS2589-5370(22)00029-3\/fulltext\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"common condition\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\". But other questions persist, such as how exactly to define iron deficiency, or how likely it is, in the absence of other symptoms, to raise the risk of poor health outcomes. So, when should, and shouldn't, someone supplement their iron?\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"What isn't disputed is that some groups are more susceptible to iron deficiency than others.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"What isn't disputed is that some groups are more susceptible to iron deficiency than others.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"quote\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"When someone gets low on iron, their body begins to form red blood cells differently \u2013 Sant-Rayn Pasricha\",\"quoteSource\":\"\",\"quoteSourceTitle\":\"\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In women, for example, iron-deficiency anaemia \u2013 where the body does not have enough iron to make sufficient red blood cells \u2013 is a leading cause of disability worldwide. One study of first-time US blood donors found that iron levels were low in 12% of women, but in less than 3% of men, reflecting the impact made by regular blood loss through menstruation. Then there's the impact of pregnancy, which diverts nutrition to the foetus, meaning that women in this group are particularly at risk. One study found that 46% of UK women had anaemia at some point during pregnancy \u2013 though not all cases stemmed from iron deficiency.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In women, for example, iron-deficiency anaemia \u2013 where the body does not have enough iron to make sufficient red blood cells \u2013 is a \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"leading cause of disability worldwide\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article\/133\/1\/30\/6613\/Iron-deficiency\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"leading cause of disability worldwide\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\". One study of first-time US blood donors found that \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"iron levels were low in 12% of women\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/biolincc.nhlbi.nih.gov\/media\/studies\/rise\/Protocol.pdf\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"iron levels were low in 12% of women\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", but in less than 3% of men, reflecting the impact made by regular blood loss through menstruation. Then there's the impact of pregnancy, which diverts nutrition to the foetus, meaning that women in this group are particularly at risk. One study found that \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"46% of UK women\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29076149\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"46% of UK women\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" had anaemia at some point during pregnancy \u2013 though not all cases stemmed from iron deficiency.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_2\"},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Kidney beans are a rich source of dietary iron (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Kidney beans are a rich source of dietary iron (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Kidney beans are a rich source of dietary iron (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Kidney beans are a rich source of dietary iron (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"height\":1080,\"width\":1920,\"locator\":\"\/p0kxpm9s.jpg\",\"originCode\":\"ic\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\"}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Endurance athletics, vegetarianism or veganism and frequent blood donation can all put both men and women at increased risk. People with certain health conditions might also be prone to lower iron levels. Kidney disease and coeliac disease can decrease iron absorption, for example.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Endurance athletics\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1139\/apnm-2014-0147\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Endurance athletics\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"vegetarianism or veganism\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/1559827616682933\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"vegetarianism or veganism\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" and \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"frequent blood donation\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03401.x\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"frequent blood donation\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" can all put both men and women at increased risk. People with certain health conditions might also be prone to lower iron levels. Kidney disease and \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"coeliac\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.3109\/00365529509093254\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"coeliac\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" disease can decrease iron absorption, for example.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A critical time\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A critical time\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\",\"h1\"]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But children are among the most vulnerable group to iron deficiency because the mineral is so important for their development.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But children are among the most vulnerable group to iron deficiency because the mineral is so important for their development.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"What's the most rapid period of growth in our entire lifespan? Infancy,\\\" says Mark Corkins, chair of the Committee on Nutrition at the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). \\\"You triple your birth weight by a year of age. You double your length.\\\" As our bodies grow, they need more blood. And red blood cells are built \u2013 in part \u2013 on iron. Without that necessary iron, says Corkins, you risk not able to produce enough red blood cells to deliver oxygen to your growing tissues, including the brain.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"What's the most rapid period of growth in our entire lifespan? Infancy,\\\" says Mark Corkins, chair of the Committee on Nutrition at the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). \\\"You triple your birth weight by a year of age. You double your length.\\\" As our bodies grow, they need more blood. And red blood cells are built \u2013 in part \u2013 on iron. Without that necessary iron, says Corkins, you risk not able to produce enough red blood cells to deliver oxygen to your growing tissues, including the brain.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Iron deficiency is especially common in children from lower income countries. \\\"In studies I've done in Africa, 70% of babies between six and 12 months of age have clear iron-deficiency anaemia,\\\" says Zimmermann.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Iron deficiency is especially common in children from lower income countries. \\\"In studies I've done in Africa, \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"70% of babies between six and 12 months of age have clear iron-deficiency anaemia\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28774885\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"70% of babies between six and 12 months of age have clear iron-deficiency anaemia\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\",\\\" says Zimmermann.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_3\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Even in wealthier countries, which have better overall nutrition and which are more likely to fortify certain food products with iron, this deficiency persists. Up to 4% of toddlers in the US, for example, have iron-deficiency anaemia, while some 15% have iron deficiency.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Even in wealthier countries, which have better overall nutrition and which are more likely to fortify certain food products with iron, this deficiency persists. \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Up to 4% of toddlers in the US, for example, have iron-deficiency anaemia\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/5\/1040\/65343\/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Up to 4% of toddlers in the US, for example, have iron-deficiency anaemia\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", while some 15% have iron deficiency.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"callout\",\"model\":{\"title\":\"Iron deficiency, iron-deficiency anaemia, and anaemia\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Anaemia occurs when someone is not producing enough normal red blood cells or haemoglobin, the substance that carries oxygen around in your blood. While this can be due to various factors, around half of all anaemia cases are caused by iron deficiency. Adults with this condition, iron-deficiency anaemia, might experience weakness, extreme fatigue, or shortness of breath, among other symptoms. Symptoms in babies and small children are similar, though they might also have sleep issues \u2013 particularly frequent night wakes, restlessness during sleep, and difficulty falling asleep.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Anaemia occurs when someone is not producing enough normal red blood cells or haemoglobin, the substance that carries oxygen around in your blood. While this can be due to various factors, \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"around half of all anaemia cases\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(07)61235-5\/fulltext\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"around half of all anaemia cases\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" are caused by iron deficiency. Adults with this condition, iron-deficiency anaemia, might experience weakness, extreme fatigue, or shortness of breath, \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"among other symptoms\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/iron-deficiency-anemia\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20355034\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"among other symptoms\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\". Symptoms in babies and small children are similar, though they might also have sleep issues \u2013 particularly \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"frequent night wakes, restlessness during sleep,\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3632071\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"frequent night wakes, restlessness during sleep,\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" and \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"difficulty falling asleep\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3632071\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"difficulty falling asleep\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\".\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Just because someone is iron deficient does not necessarily mean they will have anaemia. \\\"Iron deficiency can be considered a stage prior to anaemia,\\\" says clinical haemotologist Sant-Rayn Pasricha, the head of the Melbourne School of Population and Global Health who specialises in iron deficiency and related conditions.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Just because someone is \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"iron deficient\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/5\/1040\/65343\/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"iron deficient\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" does not necessarily mean they will have anaemia. \\\"Iron deficiency can be considered a stage prior to anaemia,\\\" says clinical haemotologist Sant-Rayn Pasricha, the head of the Melbourne School of Population and Global Health who specialises in iron deficiency and related conditions.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The severity of the deficiency plays a key role, Pasricha explains. When someone gets low on iron, their body begins to form red blood cells differently, he says. They get smaller and, eventually, the amount of oxygen-carrying haemoglobin in that person's blood drops below a healthy level. \\\"That's when we reach iron deficiency anaemia,\\\" Pasricha says.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The severity of the deficiency plays a key role, Pasricha explains. When someone gets low on iron, their body begins to form red blood cells differently, he says. They get smaller and, eventually, the amount of oxygen-carrying haemoglobin in that person's blood drops below a healthy level. \\\"That's when we reach iron deficiency anaemia,\\\" Pasricha says.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Iron deficiency and anaemia are generally diagnosed with a blood test \u2013 usually one that examines levels of ferritin, a protein that helps store iron, or haemoglobin.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Iron deficiency and anaemia are generally diagnosed with a \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"blood test\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/iron-deficiency-anemia\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20355040\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"blood test\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" \u2013 usually one that examines levels of ferritin, a protein that helps store iron, or \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"haemoglobin\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK259\/#:~:text=Definition,deciliter%20(g%2Fdl).\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"haemoglobin\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\".\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_4\"},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A matter of debate\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A matter of debate\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\",\"h1\"]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Some specialists question whether iron deficiency is always a cause for concern \u2013 especially if it arises in the absence of any physical symptoms and if the patient does not have anaemia.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Some specialists question whether iron deficiency is always a cause for concern \u2013 especially if it arises in the absence of any physical symptoms and if the patient does not have anaemia.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Pasricha co-authored a review to help inform the World Health Organization's guidelines on iron supplementation in women. In that research, he found something interesting.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Pasricha co-authored \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"a review to help inform the World Health Organization's guidelines\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(20)32594-0\/fulltext\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"a review to help inform the World Health Organization's guidelines\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" on iron supplementation in women. In that research, he found something interesting.\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"While those women in clinical trials who were iron deficient and reported feeling fatigued found that their fatigue improved upon taking iron supplements, the intervention didn't change the energy levels of women who were also iron deficient, but who had not reported fatigue.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"While those women in clinical trials who were iron deficient and reported feeling fatigued found that their fatigue improved upon taking iron supplements, the intervention didn't change the energy levels of women who were also iron deficient, but who had not reported fatigue.\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"This hints to us that, at least in adults, if you're clinically unwell with an iron deficiency, then of course you should be treated and that will improve how you feel,\\\" Pasricha says. \\\"But it also suggests that, if you're feeling perfectly fine, and someone just finds that you have a low iron level \u2013 then it's hard to be sure that that treating you then would boost you to feel any different.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"This hints to us that, at least in adults, if you're clinically unwell with an iron deficiency, then of course you should be treated and that will improve how you feel,\\\" Pasricha says. \\\"But it also suggests that, if you're feeling perfectly fine, and someone just finds that you have a low iron level \u2013 then it's hard to be sure that that treating you then would boost you to feel any different.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Overall, iron deficiency in the absence of anaemia has been studied less than iron-deficiency anaemia. But there are some broad conclusions we can make, researchers say.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Overall, iron deficiency in the absence of anaemia has been studied less than iron-deficiency anaemia. But there are some broad conclusions we can make, researchers say.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_5\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"The consensus is that iron-deficiency anaemia is certainly worse,\\\" says Zimmermann. \\\"But iron deficiency is also associated with impairment.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"The consensus is that iron-deficiency anaemia is certainly worse,\\\" says Zimmermann. \\\"But iron deficiency is also associated with impairment.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Endurance athletes are more likely to have an iron deficiency (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Endurance athletes are more likely to have an iron deficiency (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Endurance athletes are more likely to have an iron deficiency (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Endurance athletes are more likely to have an iron deficiency (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"height\":1080,\"width\":1920,\"locator\":\"\/p0kxpmfn.jpg\",\"originCode\":\"ic\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\"}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"According to some studies, the effects of iron-deficiency anaemia \u2013 particularly in children \u2013 can be long-lasting. \\\"It's not just about [poor health outcomes] \u2013 it is that you didn't maximise your development,\\\" Corkins says.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"According to some studies, the effects of iron-deficiency anaemia \u2013 particularly in children \u2013 can be long-lasting. \\\"It's not just about [poor health outcomes] \u2013 it is that you didn't maximise your development,\\\" Corkins says.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"One review, for example, found a \\\"consistent association\\\" between children with iron-deficiency anaemia having poorer cognitive performance compared to controls. However, the researchers note, perhaps it's not iron-deficiency anaemia that's the problem. It could be the effect of anaemia in general, which depresses energy levels. The researchers also say in their review that it is hard to rule out the influence of socioeconomic factors on children\u2019s behaviour and cognition.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"One review, for example, found a \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"consistent association\\\" between children with iron-deficiency anaemia having poorer cognitive performance\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17413089\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"consistent association\\\" between children with iron-deficiency anaemia having poorer cognitive performance\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" compared to controls. However, the researchers note, perhaps it's not iron-deficiency anaemia that's the problem. It could be the effect of anaemia in general, which depresses energy levels. The researchers also say in their review that it is hard to rule out the influence of socioeconomic factors on children\u2019s behaviour and cognition.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This complexity lies at the heart of all nutrition research: is it the absence of a nutrient itself that's the problem, or is that deficiency a sign of something else going on?\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This complexity lies at the heart of all nutrition research: is it the absence of a nutrient itself that's the problem, or is that deficiency a sign of something else going on?\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_6\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"To complicate matters further, the criteria for defining iron deficiency in children is still up for debate, says Zimmermann. Because children are growing so fast, he adds, iron deficiency normally quickly leads to anaemia \u2013 which means it's not easy to find, and study, iron-deficient children who are not anaemic.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"To complicate matters further, the criteria for defining iron deficiency in children is still up for debate, says Zimmermann. Because children are growing so fast, he adds, iron deficiency normally quickly leads to anaemia \u2013 which means it's not easy to find, and study, iron-deficient children who are not anaemic.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"To supplement or not to supplement\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"To supplement or not to supplement\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\",\"h1\"]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Given that, and the potential consequences for their development, guidelines often advise supplementing children with iron at any sign of deficiency \u2013 or even to supplement as a prevention measure.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Given that, and the potential consequences for their development, guidelines often advise supplementing children with iron at any sign of deficiency \u2013 or even to supplement as a prevention measure.\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In the US, for example, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that babies who are exclusively breastfed receive iron drops from four months old, for example. This is because breastmilk has low levels of iron, while formula milk is usually fortified.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In the US, for example, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that babies who are exclusively breastfed \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"receive iron drops from four months old\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/5\/1040\/65343\/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and?autologincheck=redirected\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"receive iron drops from four months old\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", for example. This is because \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"breastmilk has low levels of iron\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(07)61235-5\/fulltext\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"breastmilk has low levels of iron\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", while formula milk is usually fortified.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But some researchers question this approach.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But some researchers question this approach.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Pasricha was involved in the largest trial to date that has examined the effect of supplementation on child development, he says. The study, of 3,300 eight-month-old babies in Bangladesh, randomised children into groups that received either daily iron supplementation for three months, or a placebo. He and colleagues measured the children's neurodevelopment before and after the supplementation. \\\"We did not see any evidence of a functional benefit,\\\" he says, although they also saw no harm either way.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Pasricha was involved in the largest trial to date that has examined the effect of supplementation on child development, he says. The study, of 3,300 eight-month-old babies in Bangladesh, \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"randomised children into groups that received either daily iron supplementation for three months, or a placebo\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2034187\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"randomised children into groups that received either daily iron supplementation for three months, or a placebo\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\". He and colleagues measured the children's neurodevelopment before and after the supplementation. \\\"We did not see any evidence of a functional benefit,\\\" he says, although they also saw no harm either way.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_7\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"We did see that haemoglobin and iron status did improve in the children that received iron \u2013 but we didn't see that affect child development,\\\" says Pasricha. The \\\"why\\\", he says, \\\"is something that the team is really grappling with\\\".\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"We did see that haemoglobin and iron status did improve in the children that received iron \u2013 but we didn't see that affect child development,\\\" says Pasricha. The \\\"why\\\", he says, \\\"is something that the team is really grappling with\\\".\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Other research has yielded similar findings. For example, in one study, even after infants with iron-deficiency anaemia received supplementation that corrected their anaemia, they continued to show more restless sleep patterns than their cohorts \u2013 sometimes even years later.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Other research has yielded similar findings. For example, in one study, even after infants with iron-deficiency anaemia received supplementation that corrected their anaemia, \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"they continued to show more restless sleep patterns than their cohorts\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1389945710002182?via%3Dihub\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"they continued to show more restless sleep patterns than their cohorts\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" \u2013 sometimes even years later.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"One possible reason might be that even a brief period of deficiency can lead to long-lasting harm. One study, for example, found that when children had had iron deficiency at birth, they had less activation in the regions of their brain related to cognitive control at eight to 11 years old \u2013 even if their iron levels had been corrected.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"One possible reason might be that even a brief period of deficiency can lead to long-lasting harm. One study, for example, found that \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"when children had had iron deficiency at birth\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37143078\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"when children had had iron deficiency at birth\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", they had less activation in the regions of their brain related to cognitive control at eight to 11 years old \u2013 even if their iron levels had been corrected.\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But another possibility, Pasricha says, is that it isn't the low iron itself that causes poorer development, but that low iron is an indicator of something else \u2013 such as other nutrients in a person's diet that are missing.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But another possibility, Pasricha says, is that it isn't the low iron itself that causes poorer development, but that low iron is an indicator of something else \u2013 such as other nutrients in a person's diet that are missing.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Meanwhile, there could also be downsides to supplementing children who don't actually have a deficiency. Some studies have found that babies and toddlers who had adequate iron levels, but received supplementation, had poorer weight gain and less growth compared to controls. Randomised controlled trials have found that babies randomly assigned to high-iron formula milk scored more poorly on cognitive tests of abilities like visual memory, reading comprehension and mathematics at both 10 years old and 16 years old, compared to those on a low-iron formulation. However, exactly how much iron supplementation would avoid these effects remains unclear, the researchers say as other factors could also be involved.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Meanwhile, there could also be downsides to supplementing children who don't actually have a deficiency. Some studies have found that babies and toddlers who had adequate iron levels, but received supplementation, had \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"poorer weight gain\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0140673694921512\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"poorer weight gain\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" and \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"less growth\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12729289\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"less growth\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" compared to controls. Randomised controlled trials have found that babies randomly assigned to high-iron formula milk scored more poorly on cognitive tests of abilities like visual memory, reading comprehension and mathematics at both \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"10 years old\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22064877\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"10 years old\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" and \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"16 years old\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31253407\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"16 years old\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", compared to those on a low-iron formulation. However, exactly how much iron supplementation would avoid these effects remains unclear, the researchers say as other factors could also be involved.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_8\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Given results like this, however, some experts have criticised US guidelines to supplement all breastfed infants.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Given results like this, however, some experts have \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"criticised US guidelines\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/5\/1040\/65343\/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and?autologincheck=redirected\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"criticised US guidelines\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" to supplement all breastfed infants.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Supplements can also have other side effects. Zimmermann, for example, has studied how supplementation can affect people's microbiome. Bacteria thrive on iron, he says. The very small amount of iron that breastmilk has is bound to protective substances like lactoferrin, which helps to keep iron away from potential pathogens in the gut \u2013 especially protective for babies, who have immature immune systems. Giving a baby aged six months old micronutrient powders containing iron, which is what many experts recommend, could result in a negative outcome, says Zimmermann.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Supplements can also have other side effects. Zimmermann, for example, has studied \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"how supplementation can affect people's microbiome\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/content\/64\/5\/731.short\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"how supplementation can affect people's microbiome\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\". Bacteria thrive on iron, he says. The very small amount of iron that breastmilk has is bound to protective substances like lactoferrin, which helps to keep iron away from potential pathogens in the gut \u2013 especially protective for babies, who have immature immune systems. Giving a baby aged six months old micronutrient powders containing iron, which is what many experts recommend, could result in a negative outcome, says Zimmermann.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"These powders have very high amounts of iron in them\u2026 which can cause a very rapid shift in the microbiome,\\\" says Zimmermann. The babies can't absorb all that iron, which ends up impacting their gut microbiome \u2013 potentially towards a balance favouring \\\"the pathogens we worry most about in babies\\\", he says. This includes E. coli, which grows prolifically in the presence of iron.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"These powders have very high amounts of iron in them\u2026 which can cause a very rapid shift in the microbiome,\\\" says Zimmermann. The babies can't absorb all that iron, which ends up impacting their gut microbiome \u2013 potentially towards a balance favouring \\\"the pathogens we worry most about in babies\\\", he says. \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This includes E. coli\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/content\/64\/5\/731.short\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This includes \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"E. coli\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", which grows prolifically in the presence of iron.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If an iron deficiency is making an adult feel unwell, iron supplements can help \u2013 but the story is less straightforward in children (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If an iron deficiency is making an adult feel unwell, iron supplements can help \u2013 but the story is less straightforward in children (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If an iron deficiency is making an adult feel unwell, iron supplements can help \u2013 but the story is less straightforward in children (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If an iron deficiency is making an adult feel unwell, iron supplements can help \u2013 but the story is less straightforward in children (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"height\":1080,\"width\":1920,\"locator\":\"\/p0kxpnwk.jpg\",\"originCode\":\"ic\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\"}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Many clinicians and researchers agree, however, that when someone has iron deficiency or iron-deficiency anaemia along with symptoms, supplementing can be one of the fastest ways to help them improve. One review of iron deficiency in endurance athletes, for example, found that supplementation not only improved ferritin and haemoglobin, but athletes' aerobic capacity, too.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Many clinicians and researchers agree, however, that when someone has iron deficiency or iron-deficiency anaemia along with symptoms, supplementing can be one of the fastest ways to help them improve. One review of \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"iron deficiency in endurance athletes\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/content\/49\/21\/1389.short\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"iron deficiency in endurance athletes\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", for example, found that supplementation not only improved ferritin and haemoglobin, but athletes' aerobic capacity, too.\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_9\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Whether to take supplements \u2013 or give them to a child \u2013 is something that people should decide with the help of a doctor, experts say.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Whether to take supplements \u2013 or give them to a child \u2013 is something that people should decide with the help of a doctor, experts say.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A balanced diet\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A balanced diet\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\",\"h1\"]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But in an ideal world, people would get sufficient iron by eating a balanced diet that includes iron-rich foods, and avoid developing a deficiency in the first place \u2013 though this is not always possible. Ingredients such as liver or red meat, pulses, including kidney and edamame beans and chickpeas, as well as nuts and dried fruits are all considered good sources of iron.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But in an ideal world, people would get sufficient iron \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"by eating a balanced diet that includes iron-rich foods\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/vitamins-and-minerals\/iron\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"by eating a balanced diet that includes iron-rich foods\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", and avoid developing a deficiency in the first place \u2013 though this is not always possible. Ingredients such as \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"liver or red meat, pulses, including kidney and edamame beans and chickpeas, as well as nuts and dried fruits\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/vitamins-and-minerals\/iron\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"liver or red meat, pulses, including kidney and edamame beans and chickpeas, as well as nuts and dried fruits\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" are all considered good sources of iron.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants aged six to 12 months need 11 mg of iron per day. For toddlers, they recommend 7 mg, and for four- to eight-year-olds, 10 mg.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/5\/1040\/65343\/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and?autologincheck=redirected\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" that infants aged six to 12 months need 11 mg of iron per day. For toddlers, they recommend 7 mg, and for four- to eight-year-olds, 10 mg.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Part of the higher recommendation for younger babies is because of their rapid development, experts say. But it's also because there is an assumption being made that most infants' first solids will be foods like iron-fortified cereals, as well as fruits and vegetables \u2013 non-heme sources of iron, which the body absorbs less readily than heme sources, which are animal-derived, like meat, fish and eggs.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Part of the higher recommendation for younger babies is because of their rapid development, experts say. But it's also because there is an assumption being made that most infants' first solids will be foods like iron-fortified cereals, as well as fruits and vegetables \u2013 non-heme sources of iron, \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"which the body absorbs less readily\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/nutritionsource\/iron\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"which the body absorbs less readily\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" than heme sources, which are animal-derived, like meat, fish and eggs.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"Diet is the best approach. Your body tends to take it up better. Your body tends to use it better,\\\" Corkins says. \\\"Now, if someone is profoundly anaemic, and you're trying to get them fixed faster \u2013 then you do supplementation.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"Diet is the best approach. Your body tends to take it up better. Your body tends to use it better,\\\" Corkins says. \\\"Now, if someone is profoundly anaemic, and you're trying to get them fixed faster \u2013 then you do supplementation.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_10\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"As for Ryan, she was able to correct her iron deficiency both times it happened: in pregnancy, with a supplement, and in 2023, with iron infusions, administered at her hospital, every two weeks for five months. \\\"It wasn't a quick fix,\\\" she says. With time, however, she noticed her fatigue fade.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"As for Ryan, she was able to correct her iron deficiency both times it happened: in pregnancy, with a supplement, and in 2023, with iron infusions, administered at her hospital, every two weeks for five months. \\\"It wasn't a quick fix,\\\" she says. With time, however, she noticed her fatigue fade.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Disclaimer\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Disclaimer\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\",\"bold\"]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" All content within this column is provided for general information only, and should not be treated as a substitute for the medical advice of a doctor or any other health care professional. The BBC is not responsible or liable for any diagnosis made by a user based on the content of this site. The BBC is not liable for the contents of any external internet sites listed, nor does it endorse any commercial product or service mentioned or advised on any of the sites. Always consult your own GP if you're in any way concerned about your health.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" All content within this column is provided for general information only, and should not be treated as a substitute for the medical advice of a doctor or any other health care professional. The BBC is not responsible or liable for any diagnosis made by a user based on the content of this site. The BBC is not liable for the contents of any external internet sites listed, nor does it endorse any commercial product or service mentioned or advised on any of the sites. Always consult your own GP if you're in any way concerned about your health.\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"--\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"--\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"For\u00a0trusted insights into better health and wellbeing rooted in science, sign up to the\u00a0Health Fix newsletter,\u00a0while\u00a0The Essential List\u00a0delivers a handpicked selection of features and insights.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"For\u00a0trusted insights into better health and wellbeing rooted in science, sign up to the\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Health Fix newsletter\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/cloud.email.bbc.com\/HealthFix_Newsletter_Signup?\\u0026at_bbc_team=studios\\u0026at_medium=emails\\u0026at_objective=acquisition\\u0026at_ptr_type=\\u0026at_ptr_name=bbc.com\\u0026at_format=Module\\u0026at_link_origin=featurescallout\\u0026at_campaign=healthfix\\u0026at_campaign_type=owned\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Health Fix newsletter\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\",\"bold\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\",\u00a0while\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Essential List\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/cloud.email.bbc.com\/SignUp10_08?\\u0026at_bbc_team=studios\\u0026at_medium=Onsite\\u0026at_objective=acquisition\\u0026at_ptr_name=bbc.com\\u0026at_link_origin=featuresarticle\\u0026at_campaign=essentiallist\\u0026at_campaign_type=owned\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Essential List\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\",\"bold\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\",\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"delivers a handpicked selection of features and insights.\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"For more science, technology, environment and health stories from the BBC, follow us on\u00a0Facebook,\u00a0X\u00a0and\u00a0Instagram.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"For more science, technology, environment and health stories from the BBC, follow us on\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Facebook\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/BBCFuture\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Facebook\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\",\"bold\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\",\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"X\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/x.com\/BBC_Future\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"X\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\",\"bold\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u00a0and\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Instagram\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/bbcfuture_official\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Instagram\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\",\"bold\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\".\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\",\"bold\"]}}]}}]}}],\"topics\":[{\"isEvent\":true,\"title\":\"Health\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/health\"},{\"isEvent\":false,\"title\":\"Human body\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/humanbody\"},{\"isEvent\":false,\"title\":\"Chemistry\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/chemistry\"},{\"isEvent\":false,\"title\":\"Biology\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/biology\"},{\"isEvent\":false,\"title\":\"Science\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/science\"},{\"isEvent\":false,\"title\":\"Features\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/features\"}],\"onwardJourney\":[{\"type\":\"texas\",\"content\":[{\"title\":\"Theory of Evolution: How did Charles Darwin come up with it?\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0kqkmz3\/theory-of-evolution-how-did-charles-darwin-come-up-with-it-\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1739349305884,\"firstUpdated\":1739349305884,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"The British naturalist embarked on an extraordinary journey, did hundreds of experiments, and wrote for 20 years.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kqp90m.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Theory of Evolution: How did Charles Darwin come up with it?\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"duration\":317}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0kqkmz3\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"The power of hugs for reducing inflammation in the body\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0kl5x08\/the-power-of-hugs-for-reducing-inflammation-in-the-body\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1737497151066,\"firstUpdated\":1737497151066,\"topics\":[\"Health\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Dr. Lisa Dahlgren discusses the effect human touch has on our health and wellbeing.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kl622m.jpg\",\"altText\":\"The surprising health benefit of hugs\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"duration\":154}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0kl5x08\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Homo juluensis: Possible 'new ancient human' identified\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0kftjyg\/homo-juluensis-possible-new-ancient-human-identified\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1736164800000,\"firstUpdated\":1736164800000,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Researchers may have identified a new human species that lived around 300,000 years ago in Asia.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kgwsjn.jpg\",\"altText\":\"'Homo juluensis': Possible new ancient human identified\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"duration\":179}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0kftjyg\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Earth tides: Why our planet's crust has tides too\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0jt8x5z\/earth-tides-why-our-planet-s-crust-has-tides-too\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1727481600000,\"firstUpdated\":1727481600000,\"topics\":[\"Weather \\u0026 science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"How do they differ from the ocean? A geophysicist breaks it down for us.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0jt9gtk.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Why our planet's crust has tides too\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"duration\":121}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0jt8x5z\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"New Nasa sonifications: Listen to the sound of the Universe\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0jlbpl3\/new-nasa-sonifications-listen-to-the-sound-of-the-universe\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1725854508783,\"firstUpdated\":1725854508783,\"topics\":[\"Space\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Nasa has released new 'sonifications' of the Universe on the 25th anniversary of Chandra, its X-ray Observatory.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0jp0p4j.png\",\"altText\":\"Screenshot 2024 08 22 at 8 51 13 PM\",\"width\":1722,\"height\":1248,\"duration\":165}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0jlbpl3\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Uncovering the sunken relics of an ancient city\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0jnbll0\/uncovering-the-sunken-relics-of-an-ancient-city\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1725422484314,\"firstUpdated\":1725422484314,\"topics\":[\"Archaeology\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Bettany Hughes goes underwater in search of ancient archaeological finds in historic Sozopol, Bulgaria.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0jnbpvk.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Uncovering the sunken relics of an ancient city\",\"width\":1900,\"height\":1069,\"duration\":174}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0jnbll0\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"In Australia, sea lions help researchers map the ocean floor\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0jkkyc6\/in-australia-sea-lions-help-researchers-map-the-ocean-floor\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1724198400000,\"firstUpdated\":1724198400000,\"topics\":[\"Earth\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Researchers in Australia put cameras on sea lions' backs to help them map the elusive ocean floor.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0jklf59.png\",\"altText\":\"Screenshot 2024 08 20 at 2 00 51 PM min\",\"width\":2070,\"height\":1254,\"duration\":120}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0jkkyc6\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"The scientists drilling into an active Icelandic volcano\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0jgsff2\/the-scientists-drilling-into-an-active-icelandic-volcano\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1723927638074,\"firstUpdated\":1723927638074,\"topics\":[\"Climate solutions\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Scientists are preparing to drill into the rock of an Icelandic volcano to learn more about how volcanoes behave.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0jhk026.jpg\",\"altText\":\"The scientists drilling into an anctive Icelandic volcano\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"duration\":348}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0jgsff2\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Why we may have misunderstood the Universe\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0j83nwv\/why-we-may-have-misunderstood-the-universe\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1720085356927,\"firstUpdated\":1720085356927,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Research by a Nobel Prize winning astrophysicist suggests we have been wrong about the expansion of our Universe.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0j882d0.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Why we may have misunderstood the Universe\",\"width\":1728,\"height\":971}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0j83nwv\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"How flickering lights can help you learn better\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0gh5dgd\/how-flickering-lights-can-help-you-learn-better\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1699461811461,\"firstUpdated\":1695942015541,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"The stunning new science of how lights flickering in tune to our brain rhythms can improve how quickly we learn.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0gh6xp8.jpg\",\"altText\":\"How to boost your ability to learn\",\"width\":1945,\"height\":1094}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0gh5dgd\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"The butterfly effect: What is chaos theory?\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0gn8kps\/the-butterfly-effect-what-is-chaos-theory-\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1698068826836,\"firstUpdated\":1698068826836,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"The world was explained through the laws of physics until a meteorologist saw the pattern of chaos.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0gn8nnn.jpg\",\"altText\":\"What is chaos theory?\",\"width\":2192,\"height\":1402}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0gn8kps\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Scientists create world's first 'synthetic' embryos\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0gf55h4\/scientists-create-world-s-first-synthetic-embryos\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1694981090314,\"firstUpdated\":1694981090314,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Researchers in Israel have created 'synthetic' embryos without using a sperm or egg.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0gf57b5.jpg\",\"altText\":\"The world's first 'synthetic' embryos\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1079}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0gf55h4\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Why can\u2019t I remember people\u2019s faces?\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0fxn135\/why-can-t-i-remember-people-s-faces-\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1694015782488,\"firstUpdated\":1687902679874,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Prosopagnosia, or face blindness, is a brain disorder that affects the ability to recognise people.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0gbyckf.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Why can\u2019t I remember people\u2019s faces?\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1084}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0fxn135\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Four ways to understand the multiverse\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0g9hhcg\/four-ways-to-understand-the-multiverse\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1693337095429,\"firstUpdated\":1693337095429,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Max Tobin and world-renowned physicist Max Tegmark guide us through four ways to understand the multiverse.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0g9hzs2.jpg\",\"altText\":\"The multiverse explained...in four ways\",\"width\":3141,\"height\":1767}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0g9hhcg\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Maui's grass-fire cycle explained\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0g7ch3b\/maui-s-grass-fire-cycle-explained\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1692299591692,\"firstUpdated\":1692299591692,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Grasses that aren't native to Maui fueled the wildfires we see today. How did this happen?\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0g7crg3.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Maui's grass-fire cycle explained\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0g7ch3b\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Ancient worms found in Siberia permafrost come back to life\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0g4fxxt\/ancient-worms-found-in-siberia-permafrost-come-back-to-life\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1691053556513,\"firstUpdated\":1690999390608,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Scientists have revived a pair of 46,000-year-old worms found deep in the Siberian permafrost.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0g4fych.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Ancient worms revived after 46,000 years\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1079}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0g4fxxt\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Is this mysterious animal the key to human longevity?\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0g4174s\/is-this-mysterious-animal-the-key-to-human-longevity-\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1690924022199,\"firstUpdated\":1690924022199,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"The olm can live for 100 years.\u00a0Scientists want to decode its genome to unveil the secret to longevity.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0g479zv.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Is this mysterious animal the key to human longevity?\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0g4174s\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"The Oppenheimer dilemma: H-bomb vs A-bomb\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0g2wfwh\/the-oppenheimer-dilemma-h-bomb-vs-a-bomb\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1690474899252,\"firstUpdated\":1690319661160,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Oppenheimer, the father of the atomic bomb, was against hydrogen bombs. But what\u2019s the difference?\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0g2wk28.jpg\",\"altText\":\"The Oppenheimer dilemma: H-bomb vs A-bomb\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0g2wfwh\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"The enigmatic blueprint to a mirror Universe\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0g22nf3\/the-enigmatic-blueprint-to-a-mirror-universe\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1689927731492,\"firstUpdated\":1689888976079,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"The discovery of the substance that could unravel the whole mystery of existence.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0g22ssz.jpg\",\"altText\":\"The enigmatic blueprint to a mirror universe\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0g22nf3\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"The poisonous origin of life on Earth\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0fvdy88\/the-poisonous-origin-of-life-on-earth\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1687341937772,\"firstUpdated\":1686850570643,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Could proof of life on Mars reveal the poisonous origin of life on Earth?\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0fvmj7t.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Poison2\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1058}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0fvdy88\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"}],\"collectionId\":\"\",\"sectionTitleProps\":{},\"paginationData\":{\"page\":0,\"pageSize\":20,\"total\":20},\"title\":\"Watch\",\"summary\":\"\",\"disableAutoPlay\":false,\"innerCollections\":[],\"playlistMode\":false},{\"type\":\"alaska\",\"content\":[{\"title\":\"An Italian cultural ambassador's guide to Rome\",\"href\":\"\/travel\/article\/20250310-alberto-angela-an-italian-cultural-ambassadors-guide-to-rome\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"article\",\"subtype\":\"features\",\"lastUpdated\":1741795200000,\"firstUpdated\":1741795200000,\"topics\":[\"Travel\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Alberto Angela has made a career out of exploring his hometown. Here are his favourite spots to unearth Rome's millennia of secrets, from the Vatican Museums to Ostia Antica.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kxc1sm.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Alberto Angela with the ruins on Palatine Hill behind him (Credit: Barbara Ledda)\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:travel\/article\/20250310-alberto-angela-an-italian-cultural-ambassadors-guide-to-rome\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"The art curator saving the world's rarest fruit\",\"href\":\"\/travel\/article\/20250307-the-art-curator-saving-the-worlds-rarest-fruit\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"article\",\"subtype\":\"features\",\"lastUpdated\":1741784400000,\"firstUpdated\":1741784400000,\"topics\":[\"Travel\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Former Tate Modern director Vicente Todol\u00ed founded Todol\u00ed Citrus Fundaci\u00f3 to preserve rare citrus varieties and compile a catalogue of farming knowledge to inspire future generations.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kwv3tl.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Vicente Todol\u00ed at Todol\u00ed Citrus (Credit: Lucy Lovell)\",\"width\":3768,\"height\":2120}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:travel\/article\/20250307-the-art-curator-saving-the-worlds-rarest-fruit\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Five ways to spot a fake masterpiece\",\"href\":\"\/culture\/article\/20250311-rembrandt-to-picasso-five-ways-to-spot-a-fake-masterpiece\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"article\",\"subtype\":\"features\",\"lastUpdated\":1741777200000,\"firstUpdated\":1741777200000,\"topics\":[\"Culture\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"The recent discovery of an art forger's workshop reminds us of the long history of fraudulent artworks \u2013 here are the simple rules to work them out.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kxjxdc.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Portrait of Saint Jerome (Credit: Alamy)\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\/article\/20250311-rembrandt-to-picasso-five-ways-to-spot-a-fake-masterpiece\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"The women tackling India's worm poachers\",\"href\":\"\/future\/article\/20250311-the-women-fighting-indias-worm-poachers\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"article\",\"subtype\":\"features\",\"lastUpdated\":1741773600000,\"firstUpdated\":1741773600000,\"topics\":[\"Future\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"India's bristle worms are often overlooked. But they are crucial to the health of the country's wetlands \u2013 so local women are working to catch the poachers decimating their population.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kxh314.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Flamingos stand in the waters of Pulicat Lake, India (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"width\":3000,\"height\":1688}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:future\/article\/20250311-the-women-fighting-indias-worm-poachers\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"How a tiny village became India's YouTube capital\",\"href\":\"\/future\/article\/20250217-how-a-tiny-village-became-indias-youtube-capital\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"article\",\"subtype\":\"features\",\"lastUpdated\":1741720410336,\"firstUpdated\":1741720410336,\"topics\":[\"Future\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"In Tulsi, a village in central India, social media has sparked an economic and social revolution. It's a microcosm of YouTube's effect on the world.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0ks109t.jpg\",\"altText\":\"A brightly coloured illustration of a woman's hands holding a smartphone, which shows a woman wearing a green, pink and yellow sari sat on a white chair surrounded by greenery on the screen (Credit: Estudio Santa Rita)\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:future\/article\/20250217-how-a-tiny-village-became-indias-youtube-capital\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"}],\"collectionId\":\"\",\"sectionTitleProps\":{},\"paginationData\":{\"page\":0,\"pageSize\":5,\"total\":5},\"title\":\"Human body, Chemistry, Biology, Science, Features\",\"summary\":\"\",\"disableAutoPlay\":false,\"adBlock\":{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_11\"},\"innerCollections\":[],\"playlistMode\":false}],\"relatedUrls\":[],\"collections\":[],\"destination\":[],\"collection\":[],\"section\":[{\"title\":\"Future\",\"url\":\"\/future\"}],\"pillar\":[{\"title\":\"Innovation\",\"url\":\"\/innovation\"}]}},\"country\":\"de\",\"isUkHeader\":\"no\",\"featureFlags\":{\"audio-all-pages\":true,\"authentication\":true,\"bookmarking\":true,\"client-side-routing\":false,\"client-side-uk-redirect\":true,\"comments\":false,\"election-banner-us\":true,\"election-banner-us-client-refresh\":true,\"follow-brand-function\":true,\"legacy-api\":false,\"legacy-byline\":false,\"live-articles-in-same-tab\":true,\"nevada-ad\":true,\"optimizely-web\":true,\"piano-composer\":true,\"playlists\":true,\"radio-page-progress-bar\":false,\"seo-allow-indexing\":true,\"seo-archive\":false,\"subscription-poc\":false,\"virginia-ad\":true,\"webvitals\":true,\"wntv-au\":true,\"wntv-au-preroll-ad\":false,\"wntv-us\":true,\"wntv-us-preroll-ad\":false,\"zephr\":false},\"authInfo\":{\"signInUrl\":\"https:\/\/session.bbc.com\/session\",\"signOutUrl\":\"https:\/\/session.bbc.com\/session\/signout?switchTld=true\\u0026ptrt=https%3A%2F%2Faccount.bbc.com%2Fsignout\",\"registerUrl\":\"https:\/\/session.bbc.com\/session?action=register\",\"statusUrl\":\"https:\/\/account.bbc.com\/account\",\"idSignedInCookieName\":\"ckns_id\",\"accessTokenRefreshUrl\":\"https:\/\/session.bbc.com\/session?ptrt=https%3A%2F%2Fsession.bbc.com%2Fsession%2Fannounce\",\"accessTokenExpiredAt\":0,\"idAvailability\":\"GREEN\",\"accountMaintenanceMode\":\"off\"},\"mainNavigation\":[{\"id\":\"7d8b56ed-7bec-40b3-9864-20fa2f1794ce\",\"title\":\"Home\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"home\",\"path\":\"\/home\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"4bde03c5-ffdc-4487-bb69-b4e71700fb79\",\"title\":\"News\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"news\",\"path\":\"\/news\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"f5f29eea-0a4c-44ee-90e3-1263ed1076bd\",\"title\":\"Israel-Gaza War\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"israel-gaza-war\",\"path\":\"\/news\/topics\/c2vdnvdg6xxt\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"28ac4448-9f0b-4466-8069-0bdc71b584b1\",\"title\":\"War in Ukraine\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"war-in-ukraine\",\"path\":\"\/news\/war-in-ukraine\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"00ec8320-f402-48c7-9d4c-bc350bf2ca68\",\"title\":\"US \\u0026 Canada\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"us-canada\",\"path\":\"\/news\/us-canada\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"7a9ffa46-c17d-4d26-901c-55044ace2a6f\",\"title\":\"UK\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"uk\",\"path\":\"\/news\/uk\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"0536da23-00b4-4ea4-bcc5-95a2503f0d3e\",\"title\":\"UK Politics\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"uk-politics\",\"path\":\"\/news\/politics\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"c7cc4a32-b8d2-46c9-883d-68de9847259a\",\"title\":\"England\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"england\",\"path\":\"\/news\/england\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"d1c45bb8-63e3-457f-beeb-d306bc799652\",\"title\":\"N. Ireland\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"n-ireland\",\"path\":\"\/news\/northern_ireland\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"1666528a-9b96-405c-8d81-e65e8ab69ce4\",\"title\":\"N. Ireland Politics\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"n-ireland-politics\",\"path\":\"\/news\/northern_ireland\/northern_ireland_politics\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"41d2d732-45ed-4b4c-90fb-4e109801a1c8\",\"title\":\"Scotland\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"scotland\",\"path\":\"\/news\/scotland\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"235550ad-96aa-4ed1-b445-e68c4814ff8b\",\"title\":\"Scotland Politics\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"scotland-politics\",\"path\":\"\/news\/scotland\/scotland_politics\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"210e74c9-01d9-4451-b2f8-fb35bd28e36c\",\"title\":\"Wales\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"wales\",\"path\":\"\/news\/wales\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"d267f59e-1f27-424c-bcb5-850346e5bbfb\",\"title\":\"Wales Politics\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"wales-politics\",\"path\":\"\/news\/wales\/wales_politics\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]}]},{\"id\":\"b755311e-20c9-4b11-88c6-d7cee29acec5\",\"title\":\"Africa\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"africa\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/africa\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"cc73c422-1cba-44e1-a06e-9ac583ec38b5\",\"title\":\"Asia\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"asia\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/asia\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"a45244ce-c7fa-4a87-b12d-4025148d6958\",\"title\":\"China\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"china\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/asia\/china\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"aaf03152-6ec0-4891-9a95-70627491941f\",\"title\":\"India\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"india\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/asia\/india\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"f3422fda-4a75-4a1a-99fe-55c144d964d4\",\"title\":\"Australia\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"australia\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/australia\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"007e787c-d2e0-4109-b628-e1c7b72e2372\",\"title\":\"Europe\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"europe\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/europe\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"23cd81ca-47a5-4de4-a49e-a6c1dae60614\",\"title\":\"Latin America\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"latin-america\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/latin_america\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"3fd9afd8-f7d3-4e65-8ac7-bcaff8aadcbc\",\"title\":\"Middle East\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"middle-east\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/middle_east\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"abe3c48e-18c0-4403-89b6-4b396ea87ad6\",\"title\":\"In Pictures\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"in-pictures\",\"path\":\"\/news\/in_pictures\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"12c78344-b29d-41e3-8b18-bbf35cdbea54\",\"title\":\"BBC InDepth\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"bbc-indepth\",\"path\":\"\/news\/bbcindepth\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"72b7c335-9462-4106-915b-e16174b502e1\",\"title\":\"BBC Verify\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"bbc-verify\",\"path\":\"\/news\/bbcverify\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"a12b1f37-8ea5-44cb-aaba-bae95e31b856\",\"title\":\"Sport\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"sport\",\"path\":\"\/sport\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"58ae309c-8091-457d-8711-50bfe39af632\",\"title\":\"Business\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"business\",\"path\":\"\/business\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"f75f8363-7ce0-444e-8665-387fcbd8699c\",\"title\":\"Executive Lounge\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"executive-lounge\",\"path\":\"\/business\/executive-lounge\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"fbfe26ad-5b8b-466c-8d6f-6a667a24c4b3\",\"title\":\"Technology of Business\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"technology-of-business\",\"path\":\"\/business\/technology-of-business\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"5f7efa7e-7a66-4417-a8f4-a556e0e315a5\",\"title\":\"Future of Business\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"future-of-business\",\"path\":\"\/business\/future-of-business\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"61653fa0-2cdf-4616-b48b-068cd350b30a\",\"title\":\"Innovation\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"64d869be-d71d-4927-8515-b91a93e5a52b\",\"title\":\"Technology\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"technology\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\/technology\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"37a6205c-b6e0-4574-9411-5fd513d4df79\",\"title\":\"Science \\u0026 Health\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"science-health\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\/science\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"4da21a4f-3456-456a-92f6-410e1acf3c9c\",\"title\":\"Artificial Intelligence\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"artificial-intelligence\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\/artificial-intelligence\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"a2577375-5684-46f3-8657-8f29aaf7879e\",\"title\":\"AI v the Mind\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"ai-v-the-mind\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\/ai-v-the-mind\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"3e17c3ef-bac6-45b4-ad0b-c02ae8033596\",\"title\":\"Culture\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"culture\",\"path\":\"\/culture\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"31e81f6d-a35f-43ae-9903-2cd2fedaa9f4\",\"title\":\"Film \\u0026 TV\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"film-tv\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/film-tv\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"dfde5810-d0f9-422c-bb8c-3ebdd1520d00\",\"title\":\"Music\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"music\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/music\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"e3fa6391-b7a4-4e76-9dac-f38fe58f5be6\",\"title\":\"Art \\u0026 Design\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"art-design\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/art\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"2f5f313a-3a79-4eb8-a12f-59172c009412\",\"title\":\"Style\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"style\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/style\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"982102ac-6419-4b9f-b382-49b18c1e9ca9\",\"title\":\"Books\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"books\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/books\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"2eb4d9ca-1098-45e1-829f-0f45a99cacdc\",\"title\":\"Entertainment News\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"entertainment-news\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/entertainment-news\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"d3a54601-db20-4f6f-b531-d701374e2046\",\"title\":\"Arts\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"arts\",\"path\":\"\/arts\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"2d881346-28bc-43da-8e79-7dde8b556d1e\",\"title\":\"Arts in Motion\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"arts-in-motion\",\"path\":\"\/arts\/arts-in-motion\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"26bc879d-bf51-477a-83d6-062fbb78ec26\",\"title\":\"Travel\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"travel\",\"path\":\"\/travel\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"8fc08cb9-0296-4504-9a84-7ca1b139087f\",\"title\":\"Destinations\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"destinations\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"f1c9e919-2dd7-4c8f-baf6-1a3a56cd282e\",\"title\":\"Africa\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"africa\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\/africa\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"39f568b9-f920-40c4-8767-20f5aa83fb1d\",\"title\":\"Antarctica\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"antarctica\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\/antarctica\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"16c9d02d-e13e-4c49-a0ea-a04de1658939\",\"title\":\"Asia\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"asia\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\/asia\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"0cf06dbd-d6a5-4e65-b66e-45b6659af927\",\"title\":\"Australia and Pacific\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"australia-and-pacific\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\/australia-and-pacific\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"e7b01059-7859-40fb-9643-0042ad212016\",\"title\":\"Caribbean \\u0026 Bermuda\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"caribbean-bermuda\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\/caribbean\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"6d7c93b7-f2c1-44a5-aa24-aa281d89b6b2\",\"title\":\"Central America\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"central-america\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\/central-america\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"cf54e94e-c5ef-40b1-88de-471b3c465eba\",\"title\":\"Europe\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"europe\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\/europe\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"a9a87e39-1a41-494c-94da-f7b6789b0c31\",\"title\":\"Middle East\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"middle-east\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\/middle-east\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"f0e3ca70-7b20-47c0-9be3-e3177365ae03\",\"title\":\"North America\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"north-america\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\/north-america\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"a648ba11-c9de-47d0-b834-f5324fe1e73c\",\"title\":\"South America\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"south-america\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\/south-america\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"7ae7f674-60ff-4496-8918-230fcddbf23c\",\"title\":\"World\u2019s Table\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"world\u2019s-table\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/worlds-table\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"ea6067ee-adec-4e26-8e96-bc9211725fb6\",\"title\":\"Culture \\u0026 Experiences\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"culture-experiences\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/cultural-experiences\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"3e703b5b-ba22-4336-ae33-a828005fca2a\",\"title\":\"Adventures\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"adventures\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/adventures\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"90c13b94-81ab-45df-864a-c33262fac9ef\",\"title\":\"The SpeciaList\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"the-specialist\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/specialist\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"29857b55-2209-46f3-ab79-0ef879c8e157\",\"title\":\"Earth\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"earth\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"7d49a603-ecb9-41e9-b25e-949e700464b5\",\"title\":\"Natural Wonders\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"natural-wonders\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\/natural-wonders\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"1f60d671-436d-4a24-8a36-e14c1fdd1e54\",\"title\":\"Weather \\u0026 Science\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"weather-science\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\/weather-science\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"cab8ac9b-c068-4210-8028-8bb8c8d0db05\",\"title\":\"Climate Solutions\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"climate-solutions\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\/solutions\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"11b19770-e683-4496-ba72-9ff0ad5694d5\",\"title\":\"Sustainable Business\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"sustainable-business\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\/sustainable-business\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"5a3db17b-5948-45ed-a6de-52573b0806cd\",\"title\":\"Green Living\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"green-living\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\/green-living\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"39976fa2-573f-4941-8f1c-dbe3c68d010d\",\"title\":\"Audio\",\"isSpecial\":true,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"audio\",\"path\":\"\/audio\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"d043e87e-b6ed-408a-9ef4-1d7e0e41fd9c\",\"title\":\"Podcasts\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"podcasts\",\"path\":\"\/audio\/categories\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"0d79ad0d-8ed4-4267-9494-a675edc59e8d\",\"title\":\"Radio\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"radio\",\"path\":\"\/audio\/stations\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"9c4ff533-5bea-4493-84a1-404dc8a7050a\",\"title\":\"Audio FAQs\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20250207-bbc-podcasts-are-now-available-on-the-bbc-website-and-app\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"9fd9b956-9ca0-4158-bea4-b3608a46bb1b\",\"title\":\"Video\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"video\",\"path\":\"\/video\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"e4f0733a-b3cf-4df8-9264-f85c2ad0ef6b\",\"title\":\"Live\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"live\",\"path\":\"\/live\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"9839dd61-36d9-426e-8b64-bb98009e0233\",\"title\":\"Live News\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"live-news\",\"path\":\"\/live\/news\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"f2646029-fbf5-41be-9be4-80f40295ca92\",\"title\":\"Live Sport\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"live-sport\",\"path\":\"\/live\/sport\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]}],\"hamburgerNavigation\":[{\"id\":\"2bc2cfea-b01f-46dc-9f62-df19d90819f1\",\"title\":\"Home\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"home\",\"path\":\"\/home\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"5c92a541-2489-4ed1-bba2-799fbc070b24\",\"title\":\"News\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"news\",\"path\":\"\/news\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"da01857f-dbd7-4b2a-8015-0d1c82209c72\",\"title\":\"News\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"news\",\"path\":\"\/news\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"b5f7e252-f883-43a1-b3a3-94fda20258bf\",\"title\":\"Israel-Gaza War\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"c2vdnvdg6xxt\",\"path\":\"\/news\/topics\/c2vdnvdg6xxt\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"2154b220-cb87-465b-a308-5be14671acde\",\"title\":\"War in Ukraine\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"war-in-ukraine\",\"path\":\"\/news\/war-in-ukraine\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"71c01111-503d-4e1e-acd0-0439c3e733b8\",\"title\":\"US \\u0026 Canada\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"us-canada\",\"path\":\"\/news\/us-canada\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"f58e5be1-b58c-415a-b0c3-5ab6591698f5\",\"title\":\"UK\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"uk\",\"path\":\"\/news\/uk\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"aafa4008-db60-40b0-87be-47f689ebd8b1\",\"title\":\"UK\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"uk\",\"path\":\"\/news\/uk\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"c96a2af0-7904-4fba-9a7c-29c9ef590074\",\"title\":\"England\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"england\",\"path\":\"\/news\/england\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"231612a6-ddcd-43c8-b050-678928dab18e\",\"title\":\"N. Ireland\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"northern_ireland\",\"path\":\"\/news\/northern_ireland\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"0a7f67d5-f319-45a3-8211-4b37ccbab770\",\"title\":\"Scotland\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"scotland\",\"path\":\"\/news\/scotland\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"b284efa7-c62b-4bf9-ba64-907c7b56c623\",\"title\":\"Wales\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"wales\",\"path\":\"\/news\/wales\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"6db1d3ee-6997-4d7c-8b70-c3ac6a372148\",\"title\":\"UK Nations and Regions\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/regions\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"6d5452a4-2f7c-4151-b978-ab14b3ceffc5\",\"title\":\"Africa\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"africa\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/africa\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"904e75aa-5e89-4650-966e-a3677dd823c0\",\"title\":\"Asia\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"asia\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/asia\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"a5d5d6e4-9f2d-4c14-be37-dd4df7a560d9\",\"title\":\"Australia\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"australia\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/australia\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"d9634659-3a56-435d-8385-6dce224d55d9\",\"title\":\"Europe\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"europe\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/europe\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"857cf28a-e43b-4206-a968-b45a7b978f2a\",\"title\":\"Latin America\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"latin_america\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/latin_america\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"ab0c5345-6057-4d53-8e1e-6f61af73c76c\",\"title\":\"Middle East\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"middle_east\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/middle_east\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"c9cd74e8-e058-4ed9-ae76-598ce16edd7e\",\"title\":\"In Pictures\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"in_pictures\",\"path\":\"\/news\/in_pictures\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"219f3229-89eb-4acd-b2af-113373e138d8\",\"title\":\"BBC InDepth\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"bbcindepth\",\"path\":\"\/news\/bbcindepth\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"4cf27af6-8a9c-41a8-8c11-24956a7f4d19\",\"title\":\"BBC Verify\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"bbcverify\",\"path\":\"\/news\/bbcverify\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"b1d0e2ed-d2ff-425a-8e32-a6f0060db384\",\"title\":\"Sport\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"sport\",\"path\":\"\/sport\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"4ce466e3-1eb7-47a3-84f8-0420cd087cc4\",\"title\":\"Business\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"business\",\"path\":\"\/business\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"0c84a4a0-81ab-4e84-a188-6a649eb1ba7d\",\"title\":\"Business\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"business\",\"path\":\"\/business\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"72846bf8-150c-490e-9d1d-a4efed10fd14\",\"title\":\"Executive Lounge\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"executive-lounge\",\"path\":\"\/business\/executive-lounge\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"9903ae7e-b90a-4056-8b9c-0dcd13e07eba\",\"title\":\"Technology of Business\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"technology-of-business\",\"path\":\"\/business\/technology-of-business\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"ae086518-8aac-4165-a082-79833cff32bf\",\"title\":\"Future of Business\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"future-of-business\",\"path\":\"\/business\/future-of-business\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"5677ffab-fea6-438f-942a-c36c58c97afe\",\"title\":\"Innovation\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"d480a872-8917-4b11-a2e9-bbcbf9f2ed21\",\"title\":\"Innovation\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"0e43bfe2-db51-40a9-b423-378e11d736d5\",\"title\":\"Technology\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"technology\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\/technology\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"d120e5c1-b098-469e-91c4-933ff6b8de2b\",\"title\":\"Science \\u0026 Health\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"science\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\/science\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"e034605f-ce02-4d01-882f-806322431a1a\",\"title\":\"AI v the Mind\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"ai-v-the-mind\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\/ai-v-the-mind\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"4469c10b-7134-4868-9f43-298dd31b3be8\",\"title\":\"Artificial Intelligence\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"artificial-intelligence\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\/artificial-intelligence\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"bf3d8700-3b91-47f9-b8e9-705e5696eb20\",\"title\":\"Culture\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"culture\",\"path\":\"\/culture\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"a44625bd-2b19-47fb-b7c8-c96f7dac0c83\",\"title\":\"Culture\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"culture\",\"path\":\"\/culture\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"8b2d7b26-cad7-4364-bde5-c592014a3921\",\"title\":\"Film \\u0026 TV\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"film-tv\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/film-tv\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"8a02ac14-ef3a-4087-99f6-01b6ec8fc24d\",\"title\":\"Music\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"music\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/music\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"50efd867-8028-4b50-9f5e-eac200f82957\",\"title\":\"Art \\u0026 Design\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"art\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/art\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"5a51157b-91ab-46d0-96ba-5359e0666e60\",\"title\":\"Style\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"style\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/style\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"df5e3f2e-5951-459e-a25b-990121c4e049\",\"title\":\"Books\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"books\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/books\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"cf663bc2-7214-43a3-8903-657a7160dfd8\",\"title\":\"Entertainment News\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"entertainment-news\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/entertainment-news\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"656ad4bb-2046-4063-b6b5-80b1ec5f7d4a\",\"title\":\"Arts\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"arts\",\"path\":\"\/arts\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"43f6b1d0-fa42-4007-9a05-9d3535922aa6\",\"title\":\"Arts\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"arts\",\"path\":\"\/arts\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"3e68d794-07f9-432a-8c9e-30b9ea323dd8\",\"title\":\"Arts in Motion\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"arts-in-motion\",\"path\":\"\/arts\/arts-in-motion\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"e8558082-ff2d-4b2e-b4a3-85175d445550\",\"title\":\"Travel\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"travel\",\"path\":\"\/travel\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"30aa2815-914d-48dc-a4ac-66608c85ca82\",\"title\":\"Travel\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"travel\",\"path\":\"\/travel\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"8c72fd0d-4d89-4f0a-adf1-cd414bb0b91b\",\"title\":\"Destinations\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"destinations\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"49589a29-759c-4ffd-903b-8dde88a170c6\",\"title\":\"World\u2019s Table\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"worlds-table\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/worlds-table\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"daf013e1-ab8c-4092-93b7-89e2148a4824\",\"title\":\"Culture \\u0026 Experiences\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"cultural-experiences\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/cultural-experiences\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"b6160ef2-d202-4cb4-9233-ffcb6280e6cc\",\"title\":\"Adventures\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"adventures\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/adventures\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"0ffd7538-b2b6-4633-909b-b57c9c4bf4a3\",\"title\":\"The SpeciaList\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"specialist\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/specialist\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"25a074f8-8ffc-4757-9cab-12ae2f65ef2a\",\"title\":\"Earth\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"future-planet\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"23ddcb55-5031-4600-825c-5b9ff3a01335\",\"title\":\"Earth\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"future-planet\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"37767345-49bd-49a9-9665-f0cb1d232655\",\"title\":\"Natural Wonders\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"natural-wonders\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\/natural-wonders\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"24f709ce-1e79-4578-a994-ef6443910a39\",\"title\":\"Weather \\u0026 Science\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"weather-science\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\/weather-science\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"2375c268-1362-464a-914b-8ef7cc6e05a0\",\"title\":\"Climate Solutions\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"solutions\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\/solutions\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"ecb4bf54-3e6a-4427-bea2-e6d66d5057e7\",\"title\":\"Sustainable Business\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"sustainable-business\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\/sustainable-business\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"48737522-b167-4c5a-bda6-829ff34ed569\",\"title\":\"Green Living\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"green-living\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\/green-living\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"6ae251de-a4dd-4d37-b684-730a400b4bbf\",\"title\":\"Audio\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"audio\",\"path\":\"\/audio\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"1c4d5d80-6d36-4c98-b33d-0dd2e0bdfd3d\",\"title\":\"Audio\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"audio\",\"path\":\"\/audio\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"b6fa1a0b-ac37-4e82-a242-b29377fdada6\",\"title\":\"Podcasts\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"categories\",\"path\":\"\/audio\/categories\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"05b7aaf0-9fed-4480-941d-3992f5e9fcf9\",\"title\":\"Radio\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"stations\",\"path\":\"\/audio\/stations\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"48545410-0f8c-4619-899c-0f52277cd045\",\"title\":\"Audio FAQs\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20250207-bbc-podcasts-are-now-available-on-the-bbc-website-and-app\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"2b3f98f5-6f6f-498d-9819-132dee52d85f\",\"title\":\"Video\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"video\",\"path\":\"\/video\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"3ad5d39b-89cb-49b2-af83-eea99b031a6e\",\"title\":\"Live\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"live\",\"path\":\"\/live\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"479ed4e4-d301-4abb-acc6-6ab2643ceb26\",\"title\":\"Live\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"live\",\"path\":\"\/live\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"e3e4f32c-a6bc-4659-a4ee-e0d3dd3fe8f4\",\"title\":\"Live News\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"news\",\"path\":\"\/live\/news\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"fecb67bf-be13-4151-86a5-8731685fc52c\",\"title\":\"Live Sport\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"sport\",\"path\":\"\/live\/sport\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"1de43732-7857-4662-aafe-ebcff4c04fee\",\"title\":\"Weather\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"2b2287cc-5f22-4cfc-805c-9069c1d26a53\",\"title\":\"Newsletters\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/newsletters\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}],\"footer\":{\"contentLinks\":[{\"id\":\"095f0f1f-04a5-4425-b6ee-b81689172827\",\"title\":\"Home\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"07ac981c-bf46-4efa-80e3-97ed4192f8a4\",\"title\":\"News\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"news\",\"path\":\"\/news\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"40401247-b85f-498d-b4a7-2caaf19e95ab\",\"title\":\"Sport\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"sport\",\"path\":\"\/sport\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"030f88c6-c9cd-411e-8091-c2b377cd41c6\",\"title\":\"Business\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"business\",\"path\":\"\/business\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"7312b8a8-7899-4ae9-9a1d-0457b186b397\",\"title\":\"Innovation\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"6c5e219f-fb9e-40dd-b9e8-b510fd488ab5\",\"title\":\"Culture\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"culture\",\"path\":\"\/culture\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"f253ae75-8300-4b4f-87c2-85b983c9852d\",\"title\":\"Arts\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"arts\",\"path\":\"\/arts\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"40709eea-15ba-4dd5-941a-49a383088f4a\",\"title\":\"Travel\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"travel\",\"path\":\"\/travel\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"57f8d4d6-296d-41c6-98e5-1288a0e04e4a\",\"title\":\"Earth\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"future-planet\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"cc37dfd9-70d7-409d-8879-0bf6a67b23a2\",\"title\":\"Audio\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"audio\",\"path\":\"\/audio\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"a4404c98-904b-4a90-81a6-ed44ee8c6b76\",\"title\":\"Video\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"video\",\"path\":\"\/video\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"fd102dc5-d833-4ca7-99eb-d570fe191adf\",\"title\":\"Live\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"live\",\"path\":\"\/live\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"077472a4-5f51-4ab7-8875-4c459c147989\",\"title\":\"Weather\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"67b9fe93-10e3-45a1-8bff-a9da50233dfe\",\"title\":\"BBC Shop\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/shop.bbc.com\/\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"}],\"languages\":[{\"id\":\"428feb76-42f2-470a-b6b7-6bc019157e95\",\"title\":\"Oduu Afaan Oromootiin\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/afaanoromoo\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"6752fb12-4204-420e-9c7f-2956e7236954\",\"title\":\"Amharic \u12dc\u1293 \u1260\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/amharic\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"eedaed36-4f2b-4e01-8ad6-3e38c09295e5\",\"title\":\"Arabic \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"b369de0d-061b-4493-bc90-ce03fe749430\",\"title\":\"Azeri AZ\u018fRBAYCAN\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/azeri\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"2e9d5226-6b85-4df2-a615-5331dabf7578\",\"title\":\"Bangla \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/bengali\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"74540a10-5616-46e6-9ab3-4064d80e4935\",\"title\":\"Burmese \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/burmese\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"0c7e570d-2bf1-4202-8c72-baf4d3867c34\",\"title\":\"Chinese \u4e2d\u6587\u7f51\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/zhongwen\/simp\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"2fce7c3f-ff68-4369-8c0a-16b5ceaa39d8\",\"title\":\"French AFRIQUE\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/afrique\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"ae6da8b0-6bc7-4744-a455-45b41e2c3667\",\"title\":\"Hausa HAUSA\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/hausa\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"02023996-af6e-4dd9-8bfd-f63ecc1b4551\",\"title\":\"Hindi \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/hindi\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"a02f6e23-ab93-4fc8-830d-c4e52f6f2356\",\"title\":\"Gaelic NAIDHEACHDAN\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/naidheachdan\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"5922c1f6-6d6c-40a7-a23c-1bdde5d2440b\",\"title\":\"Gujarati \u0a97\u0ac1\u0a9c\u0ab0\u0abe\u0aa4\u0ac0\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0ab8\u0aae\u0abe\u0a9a\u0abe\u0ab0\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/gujarati\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"b8835788-06cc-44ed-9d9a-07e28cb981a2\",\"title\":\"Igbo AK\u1ee4K\u1ecc N\u2019IGBO\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/igbo\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"5fa8b6b4-2ab1-41fe-bd04-e0c84d12d195\",\"title\":\"Indonesian INDONESIA\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/indonesia\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"6d86f01b-16b8-41a1-be9b-6a717a213b62\",\"title\":\"Japanese \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/japanese\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"fd8cae2a-4d2f-41ba-b90f-7b7ac239fc3a\",\"title\":\"Kinyarwanda GAHUZA\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/gahuza\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"15298fb9-fd7c-4ef4-b477-a806b6b321c6\",\"title\":\"Kirundi KIRUNDI\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/gahuza\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"dee81443-0305-41b3-8e07-8ec2ef951a93\",\"title\":\"Korean \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/korean\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"2af67054-9750-45be-b143-7f2746c5a3d5\",\"title\":\"Kyrgyz \u041a\u044b\u0440\u0433\u044b\u0437\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/kyrgyz\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"a484f61e-863a-4b21-b10b-c824a863c735\",\"title\":\"Marathi \u092e\u0930\u093e\u0920\u0940\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/marathi\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"b2cd2090-772d-4485-83e2-78b1511e24d1\",\"title\":\"Nepali \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/nepali\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"fde0fc08-e4c5-4088-bc8c-d8c6edf5c05f\",\"title\":\"Noticias para hispanoparlantes\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/mundo\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"6dbe221f-8507-4bb3-a636-f5c90acb2770\",\"title\":\"Pashto \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/pashto\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"56bd2954-5dc1-492e-a055-54437d078a0d\",\"title\":\"Persian \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/persian\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"6f621f63-7269-4e1b-8adb-0449131652a4\",\"title\":\"Pidgin\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/pidgin\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"46ca4edf-fae1-4b17-9ace-e735c07091dd\",\"title\":\"Portuguese BRASIL\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/portuguese\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"70036dd3-3cca-460a-8625-bdad58e7311d\",\"title\":\"Punjabi \u0a2a\u0a70\u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a2c\u0a40 \u0a16\u0a3c\u0a2c\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a02\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/punjabi\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"79b87012-3a7d-42ee-a6e5-ac7674e91b03\",\"title\":\"Russian \u041d\u0410 \u0420\u0423\u0421\u0421\u041a\u041e\u041c\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"df911cfe-ac3a-4601-9a05-4b0cd1bf9a6f\",\"title\":\"Serbian NA SRPSKOM\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/serbian\/lat\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"5917a9f6-c6f4-4bdf-b963-6632b78a5bd1\",\"title\":\"Sinhala \u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d82\u0dc4\u0dbd\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/sinhala\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"7447130d-c54b-4cd5-96d8-139d71d865c4\",\"title\":\"Somali SOMALI\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/somali\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"09606246-47ab-4542-be01-d836f833e531\",\"title\":\"Swahili HABARI KWA KISWAHILI\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/swahili\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"7e36130e-c4f0-4835-a5c4-d01838511647\",\"title\":\"Tamil \u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/tamil\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"6551785b-53cf-43ab-a152-58c709f4f50c\",\"title\":\"Telugu \u0c24\u0c46\u0c32\u0c41\u0c17\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c32\u0c41\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/telugu\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"53bc9922-d259-435a-91c6-b45fdfd98998\",\"title\":\"Thai \u0e02\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/thai\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"2f97436c-2907-40fb-a803-57969b468bf4\",\"title\":\"Tigrinya \u12dc\u1293 \u1265\u1275\u130d\u122d\u129b\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/tigrinya\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"b13f6e7b-9ab8-4598-8021-9f0c6d8f0654\",\"title\":\"Turkish T\u00dcRK\u00c7E\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/turkce\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"0fa4e79b-6941-4f5e-9c2c-d78d33c02748\",\"title\":\"Ukrainian \u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0407\u041d\u0421\u042c\u041aA\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/ukrainian\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"aed7e5c2-8aee-44fd-9f18-097e229299fe\",\"title\":\"Urdu \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/urdu\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"6cae3623-95b4-4b41-8326-a1eecc3c33e8\",\"title\":\"Uzbek O'ZBEK\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/uzbek\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"2afcc70d-5167-44e3-82a8-2475317d8dbd\",\"title\":\"Vietnamese TI\u1ebeNG VI\u1ec6T\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/vietnamese\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"562875d1-9257-4802-b6e1-aa0f294e2c05\",\"title\":\"Welsh NEWYDDION\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/cymrufyw\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"ba81fc9f-da70-41bf-9a39-044980fbe6f6\",\"title\":\"Yoruba \u00ccR\u00d2Y\u00ccN N\u00cd YOR\u00d9B\u00c1\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/yoruba\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"}],\"legalLinks\":[{\"id\":\"a13f4673-d059-4003-b331-2124047fdb73\",\"title\":\"Terms of Use\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/usingthebbc\/terms\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"d9916b56-e2a3-4d22-a13e-03f64ff7b5d9\",\"title\":\"About the BBC\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/aboutthebbc\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"4fc6ae22-07cf-465b-9347-6c92a7e76007\",\"title\":\"Privacy Policy\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/usingthebbc\/privacy\/\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"4ed0165b-fabd-40c4-844d-a6c1846aa9b8\",\"title\":\"Cookies\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/usingthebbc\/cookies\/\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"4026d67c-36c3-4b5f-8ac0-d56bb453baa8\",\"title\":\"Accessibility Help\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/accessibility\/\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"d2b37ad1-b43c-4e28-be0f-673c4c2702e2\",\"title\":\"Contact the BBC\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/contact\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"eb197441-cd5c-47b8-8246-88b39c35edb1\",\"title\":\"Advertise with us\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/advertisingcontact\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"4a57cf6e-6798-4d1f-85e0-76cf5f4676d8\",\"title\":\"Do not share or sell my info\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":true,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/usingthebbc\/cookies\/how-can-i-change-my-bbc-cookie-settings\/\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"200d11e4-bfed-450a-a323-8be30e6d3413\",\"title\":\"Contact technical support\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/contact-bbc-com-help\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"}],\"languageButtonText\":\"BBC in other languages\",\"languageHeadline\":\"The BBC is in multiple languages\",\"languageSubHeadline\":\"Read the BBC In your own language\",\"legalTextContent\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Copyright current_year BBC. All rights reserved.\u00a0\u00a0The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.\u00a0Read about our approach to external linking.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Copyright current_year BBC. All rights reserved.\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The\",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" BBC \",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"is\",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" not responsible for the content of external sites.\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" not responsible for the content of external sites.\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/editorialguidelines\/guidance\/feeds-and-links\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Read about our approach to external linking.\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}],\"legalText\":\"[{\\\"type\\\":\\\"paragraph\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\"Copyright current_year BBC. All rights reserved.\u00a0\u00a0The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.\u00a0Read about our approach to external linking.\\\",\\\"blocks\\\":[{\\\"type\\\":\\\"fragment\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\"Copyright current_year BBC. All rights reserved.\u00a0\\\",\\\"attributes\\\":[]}},{\\\"type\\\":\\\"fragment\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\"\u00a0\\\",\\\"attributes\\\":[\\\"italic\\\"]}},{\\\"type\\\":\\\"fragment\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\"The\\\",\\\"attributes\\\":[]}},{\\\"type\\\":\\\"fragment\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\" BBC \\\",\\\"attributes\\\":[\\\"italic\\\"]}},{\\\"type\\\":\\\"fragment\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\"is\\\",\\\"attributes\\\":[]}},{\\\"type\\\":\\\"fragment\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\" not responsible for the content of external sites.\\\",\\\"attributes\\\":[\\\"italic\\\"]}},{\\\"type\\\":\\\"fragment\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\"\u00a0\\\",\\\"attributes\\\":[]}},{\\\"type\\\":\\\"urlLink\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\" not responsible for the content of external sites.\\\",\\\"locator\\\":\\\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/editorialguidelines\/guidance\/feeds-and-links\\\",\\\"blocks\\\":[{\\\"type\\\":\\\"fragment\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\"Read about our approach to external linking.\\\",\\\"attributes\\\":[\\\"bold\\\"]}}]}}]}},{\\\"type\\\":\\\"paragraph\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\"\u00a0\\\",\\\"blocks\\\":[{\\\"type\\\":\\\"fragment\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\"\u00a0\\\",\\\"attributes\\\":[]}}]}}]\"},\"worldNewsTvPath\":null,\"worldNewsTvScheduleId\":null,\"worldNewsFullScheduleUrl\":null,\"flagPoles\":{\"ops\":{\"Metadata\":{\"FlagpoleBucketPrefix\":\"\",\"FlagpoleDate\":\"31 Jul 24 08:19 UTC\",\"FlagpoleFileID\":\"gn-flagpoles\/gnlops\",\"FlagpoleIdentity\":\"gnlops\",\"FlagpoleSystem\":\"gn-flagpoles\",\"Guid\":\"8dfe60a2-4322-411c-8a71-04dc7084fec4\",\"urn\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnflagpoles:gnlops:gn-flagpoles\/gnlops\"},\"Urn\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnflagpoles:gnlops:gn-flagpoles\/gnlops\",\"adverts\":\"true\",\"analytics\":\"true\",\"wwhp_feeds\":\"true\",\"wwhp_obituary\":\"false\",\"xproxy\":\"false\",\"zephr\":\"false\",\"zephrx\":\"true\"},\"ngas\":{\"Metadata\":{\"FlagpoleBucketPrefix\":\"\",\"FlagpoleDate\":\"03 Feb 25 09:02 UTC\",\"FlagpoleFileID\":\"gn-flagpoles\/ngas\",\"FlagpoleIdentity\":\"ngas\",\"FlagpoleSystem\":\"gn-flagpoles\",\"Guid\":\"e229d810-0dcd-45f0-a61b-ff6a4178aff7\",\"urn\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnflagpoles:ngas:gn-flagpoles\/ngas\"},\"Urn\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnflagpoles:ngas:gn-flagpoles\/ngas\",\"aps\":\"true\",\"banner\":\"true\",\"beta\":\"true\",\"brandmetrics\":\"false\",\"cmp\":\"true\",\"comscoremmx\":\"true\",\"comscoremmxeea\":\"true\",\"content_rec\":\"true\",\"covatic\":\"true\",\"covatic_admeta\":\"true\",\"doubleverify\":\"true\",\"fedid\":\"true\",\"fedid_all\":\"true\",\"fedid_google\":\"true\",\"fedid_permutive\":\"true\",\"fedid_piano\":\"true\",\"fedid_signed\":\"true\",\"fpd\":\"true\",\"gpp\":\"true\",\"grapeshot\":\"false\",\"ias_publisher\":\"false\",\"load_gpt\":\"true\",\"name\":\"ngas\",\"native_size\":\"true\",\"newadunit\":\"true\",\"newkeys\":\"true\",\"nielsen\":\"true\",\"ozone\":\"true\",\"permutive\":\"true\",\"permutive_cohort\":\"true\",\"piano\":\"false\",\"speedcurve\":\"true\",\"spo\":\"true\",\"survey\":\"true\",\"surveyx\":\"true\",\"tmt_media_filter\":\"true\",\"version\":\"1.28\"}},\"isMobileWebview\":false,\"os\":{\"name\":null,\"version\":null},\"browser\":{\"name\":null,\"version\":null},\"rolexPlaylistPath\":\"\/arts\/arts-in-motion\",\"rolexSponsorClipId\":\"p0g364b3\",\"rolexSponsorClipIdSummary\":\"Advertisement\",\"metadata\":{\"contributor\":\"By Amanda Ruggeri\",\"contributors\":\"By Amanda Ruggeri\",\"description\":\"A lack of this vital nutrient is one of the world's leading causes of disability \u2013 but exactly when it becomes a problem, and the best way to treat it, remains unclear.\",\"firstPublished\":1741860000000,\"lastPublished\":1741860000000,\"lastUpdated\":1741860908317,\"indexImage\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"(Credit: Getty Images)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"(Credit: Getty Images)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Red blood cells as seen under a microscope (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Red blood cells as seen under a microscope (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"height\":1080,\"width\":1920,\"locator\":\"\/p0kxplym.jpg\",\"originCode\":\"ic\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\"}}],\"alt\":\"Red blood cells as seen under a microscope (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"originalSrc\":\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/live-galileo-interface-mt-resources-imagebucket-1a92e5tj3b5d6\/p0\/kx\/pl\/p0kxplym.jpg\",\"iChefRecipe\":\"https:\/\/ychef.files.bbci.co.uk\/$recipe\/p0kxplym.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"isEditorialImage\":true},\"seoHeadline\":\"The global challenge of iron deficiency \u2013 and why scientists can't agree if supplements are the answer\",\"promoHeadline\":\"The global challenge of iron deficiency\",\"section\":{\"name\":\"\",\"uri\":\"\"},\"options\":{\"allowAdvertising\":true,\"suitableForSyndication\":true},\"wordCount\":2560},\"pageKey\":\"@\\\"future\\\",\\\"article\\\",\\\"20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\\\",\",\"type\":\"article\",\"subtype\":\"features\",\"slug\":[\"future\",\"article\",\"20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\"],\"analytics\":{\"producer\":\"GNL_FUTURE\",\"language\":\"en-gb\",\"publicationDate\":\"1741860000000\",\"pubUpdateDate\":\"1741860000000\",\"contentId\":\"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:future\/article\/20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\",\"section\":\"\",\"name\":\"future.article.20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements.page\"}},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"\/[[...slug]]\",\"query\":{\"slug\":[\"future\",\"article\",\"20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\"]},\"buildId\":\"NBZWyAsf3cVuolCnoiTKC\",\"assetPrefix\":\"\/bbcx\",\"isFallback\":false,\"gssp\":true,\"customServer\":true,\"appGip\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}<\/script><\/body><\/html>","url":"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements"}}

{"result":{"content":"The global challenge of iron deficiency \u2013 and why scientists can't agree if supplements are the answer<\/title><meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The global challenge of iron deficiency \u2013 and why scientists can't agree if supplements are the answer\"\/><meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"The global challenge of iron deficiency \u2013 and why scientists can't agree if supplements are the answer\"\/><meta name=\"description\" content=\"A lack of this vital nutrient is one of the world's leading causes of disability \u2013 but exactly when it becomes a problem, and the best way to treat it, remains unclear.\"\/><meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A lack of this vital nutrient is one of the world's leading causes of disability \u2013 but exactly when it becomes a problem, and the best way to treat it, remains unclear.\"\/><meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"A lack of this vital nutrient is one of the world's leading causes of disability \u2013 but exactly when it becomes a problem, and the best way to treat it, remains unclear.\"\/><meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ychef.files.bbci.co.uk\/624x351\/p0kxplym.jpg\"\/><meta name=\"twitter:image:src\" content=\"https:\/\/ychef.files.bbci.co.uk\/624x351\/p0kxplym.jpg\"\/><meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\"\/><meta property=\"og:image:alt\" content=\"Red blood cells as seen under a microscope (Credit: Getty Images)\"\/><meta name=\"twitter:image:alt\" content=\"Red blood cells as seen under a microscope (Credit: Getty Images)\"\/><meta name=\"msapplication-TileColor\" content=\"#da532c\"\/><meta name=\"theme-color\" content=\"#ffffff\"\/><meta name=\"robots\" content=\"NOODP, NOYDIR\"\/><meta name=\"apple-itunes-app\" content=\"app-id=364147881, app-argument=https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\"\/><link rel=\"apple-touch-icon\" sizes=\"180x180\" href=\"\/bbcx\/apple-touch-icon.png\"\/><link rel=\"icon\" type=\"image\/png\" sizes=\"32x32\" href=\"\/bbcx\/favicon-32x32.png\"\/><link rel=\"icon\" type=\"image\/png\" sizes=\"16x16\" href=\"\/bbcx\/favicon-16x16.png\"\/><link rel=\"alternate icon\" href=\"\/bbcx\/favicon.ico\"\/><link rel=\"manifest\" href=\"\/bbcx\/site.webmanifest\"\/><link rel=\"mask-icon\" href=\"\/bbcx\/safari-pinned-tab.svg\" color=\"#000000\"\/><link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\"\/><meta name=\"version\" content=\"2.16.1+2\"\/><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"NewsArticle\",\"headline\":\"The global challenge of iron deficiency \u2013 and why scientists can't agree if supplements are the answer\",\"description\":\"A lack of this vital nutrient is one of the world's leading causes of disability \u2013 but exactly when it becomes a problem, and the best way to treat it, remains unclear.\",\"image\":[\"https:\/\/ychef.files.bbci.co.uk\/1280x720\/p0kxplym.jpg\"],\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-13T10:00:00.000Z\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-13T10:15:08.317Z\",\"author\":{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"name\":\"Amanda Ruggeri\",\"url\":\"\"},\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"BBC\"}}<\/script><meta property=\"al:ios:url\" content=\"bbcx:\/\/future\/article\/20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\"\/><meta property=\"al:ios:app_store_id\" content=\"364147881\"\/><meta property=\"al:ios:app_name\" content=\"BBC: World News & Stories\"\/><meta property=\"al:android:url\" content=\"bbcx:\/\/future\/article\/20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\"\/><meta property=\"al:android:app_name\" content=\"BBC: World News & Stories\"\/><meta property=\"al:android:package\" content=\"bbc.mobile.news.ww\"\/><meta property=\"al:web:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bbc.com\/future\/article\/20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\"\/><meta name=\"cXenseParse:pageclass\" content=\"article\"\/><meta name=\"cXenseParse:publishtime\" content=\"2025-03-13T10:00:00.000Z\"\/><meta name=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-13T10:00:00.000Z\"\/><meta property=\"cXenseParse:author\" content=\"Amanda Ruggeri\"\/><meta name=\"next-head-count\" content=\"37\"\/><script id=\"inline-dotcom\" async=\"\" data-nscript=\"beforeInteractive\">window.dotcom = window.dotcom || { cmd: [] };\n window.dotcom.ads = window.dotcom.ads || {\n resolves: {enabled: [], getAdTag: []},\n enabled: () => new Promise(r => window.dotcom.ads.resolves.enabled.push(r)),\n getAdTag: () => new Promise(r => window.dotcom.ads.resolves.getAdTag.push(r))\n };\n setTimeout(() => {\n if(window.dotcom.ads.resolves){\n window.dotcom.ads.resolves.enabled.forEach(r => r(false));\n window.dotcom.ads.resolves.getAdTag.forEach(r => r(\"\"));\n window.dotcom.ads.enabled = () => new Promise(r => r(false));\n window.dotcom.ads.getAdTag = () => new Promise(r => r(\"\"));\n console.error(\"NGAS load timeout\");\n }\n }, 5000)<\/script><script id=\"inline-dotcom-config\" async=\"\" data-nscript=\"beforeInteractive\">window.dotcom = window.dotcom || { cmd: [] }; window.dotcomConfig = {\"gptRequested\":true,\"pageAds\":true,\"playerAds\":true,\"xPlatform\":true,\"allowAdvertising\":true,\"opsFlags\":{\"Metadata\":{\"FlagpoleBucketPrefix\":\"\",\"FlagpoleDate\":\"31 Jul 24 08:19 UTC\",\"FlagpoleFileID\":\"gn-flagpoles\/gnlops\",\"FlagpoleIdentity\":\"gnlops\",\"FlagpoleSystem\":\"gn-flagpoles\",\"Guid\":\"8dfe60a2-4322-411c-8a71-04dc7084fec4\",\"urn\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnflagpoles:gnlops:gn-flagpoles\/gnlops\"},\"Urn\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnflagpoles:gnlops:gn-flagpoles\/gnlops\",\"adverts\":\"true\",\"analytics\":\"true\",\"wwhp_feeds\":\"true\",\"wwhp_obituary\":\"false\",\"xproxy\":\"false\",\"zephr\":\"false\",\"zephrx\":\"true\"},\"ngasFlags\":{\"Metadata\":{\"FlagpoleBucketPrefix\":\"\",\"FlagpoleDate\":\"03 Feb 25 09:02 UTC\",\"FlagpoleFileID\":\"gn-flagpoles\/ngas\",\"FlagpoleIdentity\":\"ngas\",\"FlagpoleSystem\":\"gn-flagpoles\",\"Guid\":\"e229d810-0dcd-45f0-a61b-ff6a4178aff7\",\"urn\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnflagpoles:ngas:gn-flagpoles\/ngas\"},\"Urn\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnflagpoles:ngas:gn-flagpoles\/ngas\",\"aps\":\"true\",\"banner\":\"true\",\"beta\":\"true\",\"brandmetrics\":\"false\",\"cmp\":\"true\",\"comscoremmx\":\"true\",\"comscoremmxeea\":\"true\",\"content_rec\":\"true\",\"covatic\":\"true\",\"covatic_admeta\":\"true\",\"doubleverify\":\"true\",\"fedid\":\"true\",\"fedid_all\":\"true\",\"fedid_google\":\"true\",\"fedid_permutive\":\"true\",\"fedid_piano\":\"true\",\"fedid_signed\":\"true\",\"fpd\":\"true\",\"gpp\":\"true\",\"grapeshot\":\"false\",\"ias_publisher\":\"false\",\"load_gpt\":\"true\",\"name\":\"ngas\",\"native_size\":\"true\",\"newadunit\":\"true\",\"newkeys\":\"true\",\"nielsen\":\"true\",\"ozone\":\"true\",\"permutive\":\"true\",\"permutive_cohort\":\"true\",\"piano\":\"false\",\"speedcurve\":\"true\",\"spo\":\"true\",\"survey\":\"true\",\"surveyx\":\"true\",\"tmt_media_filter\":\"true\",\"version\":\"1.28\"},\"pageData\":{\"pageProps\":{\"ad_enabled\":true,\"content_pillar\":\"Innovation\",\"content_type\":\"article\",\"language\":\"en-gb\",\"page\":\"future.article.20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements.page\",\"page_chapter1\":\"future\",\"producer\":\"GNL_FUTURE\",\"page_chapter2\":\"article\",\"page_chapter3\":\"20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\",\"content_section\":\"Future\",\"content_id\":\"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:future\/article\/20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\",\"content_topic\":\"Health, Human body, Chemistry, Biology, Science, Features\",\"date_published\":\"2025-03-13T10:00:00.000Z\",\"date_modified\":\"2025-03-13T10:00:00.000Z\",\"article_word_count\":2560,\"page_title\":\"The global challenge of iron deficiency \u2013 and why scientists can't agree if supplements are the answer\",\"reader_mode_enabled\":false,\"destination\":\"BBCS_BBC_TEST\",\"referrer_url\":\"\"},\"destination\":[],\"topics\":[{\"isEvent\":true,\"title\":\"Health\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/health\"},{\"isEvent\":false,\"title\":\"Human body\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/humanbody\"},{\"isEvent\":false,\"title\":\"Chemistry\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/chemistry\"},{\"isEvent\":false,\"title\":\"Biology\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/biology\"},{\"isEvent\":false,\"title\":\"Science\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/science\"},{\"isEvent\":false,\"title\":\"Features\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/features\"}],\"collection\":[],\"section\":[{\"title\":\"Future\",\"url\":\"\/future\"}],\"pillar\":[{\"title\":\"Innovation\",\"url\":\"\/innovation\"}],\"urn\":\"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:future\/article\/20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\",\"type\":\"article\"}};<\/script><script id=\"inline-analytics\" async=\"\" data-nscript=\"beforeInteractive\">window.analytics = window.analytics || { echoClient: null, buffer:[], checkForAdBlocker:true, data: null };<\/script><link rel=\"preload\" href=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/css\/2ca6241c47b04a76.css\" as=\"style\"\/><link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/css\/2ca6241c47b04a76.css\" data-n-p=\"\"\/><noscript data-n-css=\"\"><\/noscript><script defer=\"\" nomodule=\"\" src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/polyfills-c67a75d1b6f99dc8.js\"><\/script><script id=\"requirejs-script\" src=\"https:\/\/static.bbci.co.uk\/frameworks\/requirejs\/0.13.0\/sharedmodules\/require.js\" async=\"\" type=\"text\/javascript\" defer=\"\" data-nscript=\"beforeInteractive\"><\/script><script id=\"optimizely-script\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.optimizely.com\/public\/4621041136\/s\/bbcx_prod.js\" async=\"\" type=\"text\/javascript\" defer=\"\" data-nscript=\"beforeInteractive\"><\/script><script id=\"piano-script\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.tinypass.com\/api\/tinypass.min.js\" async=\"\" type=\"text\/javascript\" defer=\"\" data-nscript=\"beforeInteractive\"><\/script><script id=\"inline-googletag\" src=\"https:\/\/securepubads.g.doubleclick.net\/tag\/js\/gpt.js\" async=\"\" type=\"text\/javascript\" defer=\"\" data-nscript=\"beforeInteractive\">window.googletag = window.googletag || { cmd: [] };<\/script><script id=\"ads-service-script\" src=\"https:\/\/gn-web-assets.api.bbc.com\/ngas\/latest\/dotcom-bootstrap.js\" async=\"\" type=\"module\" defer=\"\" data-nscript=\"beforeInteractive\"><\/script><script id=\"bump-script\" src=\"https:\/\/emp.bbci.co.uk\/emp\/bump-4\/bump-4.js\" async=\"\" type=\"text\/javascript\" defer=\"\" data-nscript=\"beforeInteractive\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/webpack-6e746e892911d67e.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/framework-98e6f5bc52a2e411.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/main-3838744298e667de.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/pages\/_app-4bb9d65f972be1df.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/63-48d5390b87110d75.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/183-0ef848ed275e257e.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/931-d32ea2449381bfab.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/613-64158ca677d7409d.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/857-39df14a43b03765a.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/353-6b4dc5839b23af94.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/chunks\/pages\/%5B%5B...slug%5D%5D-6f578393482ae32e.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/NBZWyAsf3cVuolCnoiTKC\/_buildManifest.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><script src=\"\/bbcx\/_next\/static\/NBZWyAsf3cVuolCnoiTKC\/_ssgManifest.js\" defer=\"\"><\/script><style>@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-display:block;font-weight:300;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_Lt.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-display:block;font-weight:400;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_Rg.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-display:block;font-weight:500;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_Md.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-display:block;font-weight:700;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_Bd.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-display:block;font-weight:900;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_ExBd.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-display:block;font-weight:300;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_LtIt.woff2) format('woff2');font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-display:block;font-weight:400;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_It.woff2) format('woff2');font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-display:block;font-weight:500;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_MdIt.woff2) format('woff2');font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-display:block;font-weight:700;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_BdIt.woff2) format('woff2');font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-display:block;font-weight:900;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_ExBdIt.woff2) format('woff2');font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:ReithSans;font-display:block;font-weight:300;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_Lt.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:ReithSans;font-display:block;font-weight:400;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_Rg.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:ReithSans;font-display:block;font-weight:500;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_Md.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:ReithSans;font-display:block;font-weight:700;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_Bd.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:ReithSans;font-display:block;font-weight:900;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSans_W_ExBd.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:ReithSerif;font-display:block;font-weight:300;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_Lt.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:ReithSerif;font-display:block;font-weight:400;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_Rg.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:ReithSerif;font-display:block;font-weight:500;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_Md.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:ReithSerif;font-display:block;font-weight:700;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_Bd.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:ReithSerif;font-display:block;font-weight:900;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_ExBd.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Serif';font-display:block;font-weight:300;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_Lt.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Serif';font-display:block;font-weight:400;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_Rg.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Serif';font-display:block;font-weight:500;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_Md.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Serif';font-display:block;font-weight:700;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_Bd.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Serif';font-display:block;font-weight:900;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_ExBd.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Serif';font-display:block;font-weight:300;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_LtIt.woff2) format('woff2');font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Serif';font-display:block;font-weight:400;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_It.woff2) format('woff2');font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Serif';font-display:block;font-weight:500;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_MdIt.woff2) format('woff2');font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Serif';font-display:block;font-weight:700;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_BdIt.woff2) format('woff2');font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:'BBC Reith Serif';font-display:block;font-weight:900;src:url(https:\/\/static.files.bbci.co.uk\/fonts\/reith\/2.512\/BBCReithSerif_W_ExBdIt.woff2) format('woff2');font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:'Freight Disp Light';font-display:swap;src:url(\/bbcx\/Freight_Disp_Light.woff2) format('woff2')}@font-face{font-family:BBCReithSans-fallback;size-adjust:103%;ascent-override:normal;src:local('Arial')}@font-face{font-family:BBCReithSans-fallback;font-weight:500;size-adjust:96%;ascent-override:normal;src:local('Arial Bold')}@font-face{font-family:BBCReithSerif-fallback;size-adjust:120%;ascent-override:75%;src:local('Times New Roman')}@font-face{font-family:BBCReithSerif-fallback;font-weight:500;size-adjust:110%;ascent-override:75%;src:local('Times New Roman Bold')}\n <\/style><style data-styled=\"\" data-styled-version=\"5.3.11\">.cOpVbP{width:100%;object-fit:contain;position:absolute;}\/*!sc*\/\n.efFcac{width:100%;object-fit:contain;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g1[id=\"sc-a34861b-0\"]{content:\"cOpVbP,efFcac,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jxzoZC{position:relative;line-height:0;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g2[id=\"sc-a34861b-1\"]{content:\"jxzoZC,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hesJxn{display:block;color:#e6e8ea;position:absolute;bottom:0;right:0;padding:4px 8px;gap:10px;background-color:#202224;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.12px;letter-spacing:-0.12px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g3[id=\"sc-a34861b-2\"]{content:\"hesJxn,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.cCvcou{display:block;fill:currentcolor;}\/*!sc*\/\n.itfIsL{display:block;height:28px;fill:currentcolor;max-width:initial;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.itfIsL{height:26px;max-width:248px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.itfIsL{height:26px;max-width:248px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g6[id=\"sc-735e4804-0\"]{content:\"cCvcou,itfIsL,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.beCbGD{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}\/*!sc*\/\n.beCbGD svg,.beCbGD img{width:24px;height:24px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.IaJUO{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}\/*!sc*\/\n.IaJUO svg,.IaJUO img{width:24px;height:24px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.IaJUO svg,.IaJUO img{width:unset;height:unset;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.IaJUO{-webkit-transform:scale(1.2);-ms-transform:scale(1.2);transform:scale(1.2);}}\/*!sc*\/\n.dMpdqo{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;width:14px;height:14px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dMpdqo svg,.dMpdqo img{width:24px;height:24px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g7[id=\"sc-48d6da7e-0\"]{content:\"beCbGD,IaJUO,dMpdqo,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.eihkAj{white-space:nowrap;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g8[id=\"sc-48d6da7e-1\"]{content:\"eihkAj,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hsIsEs{cursor:pointer;font-weight:500;border:2px solid transparent;outline:2px solid transparent;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-column-gap:9.3px;column-gap:9.3px;row-gap:9.3px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;box-sizing:border-box;padding:6px 12px 6px 12px;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:16px;line-height:18px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dhvNxi{cursor:pointer;font-weight:500;border:2px solid transparent;outline:2px solid transparent;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-column-gap:4px;column-gap:4px;row-gap:4px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.oYtVL{cursor:pointer;font-weight:500;border:2px solid transparent;outline:2px solid transparent;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse;-webkit-column-gap:4px;column-gap:4px;row-gap:4px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;box-sizing:border-box;padding:6px 8px;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.iQJDhl{cursor:pointer;font-weight:500;border:2px solid transparent;outline:2px solid transparent;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:row-reverse;flex-direction:row-reverse;-webkit-column-gap:9.3px;column-gap:9.3px;row-gap:9.3px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;box-sizing:border-box;padding:6px 12px 6px 12px;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:16px;line-height:18px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g9[id=\"sc-48d6da7e-2\"]{content:\"hsIsEs,dhvNxi,oYtVL,iQJDhl,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hCTSNW{position:relative;background-color:#000000;color:#ffffff;border-color:#000000;outline-color:#000000;}\/*!sc*\/\n.hCTSNW:hover{background-color:#3a3c3e;border-color:#3a3c3e;outline-color:#3a3c3e;}\/*!sc*\/\n.hCTSNW:focus{outline:2px solid #3a3c3e;border:2px solid #3a3c3e;}\/*!sc*\/\n.hCTSNW:active{background-color:#545658;color:#ffffff;border-color:#545658;outline-color:#545658;}\/*!sc*\/\n.hCTSNW:disabled,.hCTSNW[disabled]{cursor:not-allowed;background-color:#d2d4d6;color:#8a8c8e;outline-color:#d2d4d6;border-color:#d2d4d6;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g10[id=\"sc-48d6da7e-3\"]{content:\"hCTSNW,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.dRvUPz{background-color:transparent;color:#000000;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dRvUPz:hover{background-color:#3a3c3e;color:#ffffff;border:2px solid #3a3c3e;outline:2px solid #3a3c3e;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dRvUPz:focus{color:#ffffff;background-color:#3a3c3e;outline-color:#3a3c3e;border-color:#3a3c3e;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dRvUPz:active{background-color:#545658;color:#ffffff;outline-color:#545658;border-color:#545658;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dRvUPz:disabled,.dRvUPz[disabled]{cursor:not-allowed;background-color:transparent;color:#d2d4d6;outline-color:transparent;border-color:transparent;}\/*!sc*\/\n.cCYQUA{background-color:transparent;color:#000000;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;}\/*!sc*\/\n.cCYQUA:hover{background-color:#3a3c3e;color:#ffffff;border:2px solid #3a3c3e;outline:2px solid #3a3c3e;}\/*!sc*\/\n.cCYQUA:focus{color:#ffffff;background-color:#3a3c3e;outline-color:#3a3c3e;border-color:#3a3c3e;}\/*!sc*\/\n.cCYQUA:active{background-color:#545658;color:#ffffff;outline-color:#545658;border-color:#545658;}\/*!sc*\/\n.cCYQUA:disabled,.cCYQUA[disabled]{cursor:not-allowed;background-color:transparent;color:#d2d4d6;outline-color:transparent;border-color:transparent;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g12[id=\"sc-48d6da7e-5\"]{content:\"dRvUPz,cCYQUA,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.dXDmtS{border:none;outline:none;-webkit-column-gap:6px;column-gap:6px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#000000;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dXDmtS:hover{background-color:inherit;border:none;outline:none;color:#000000;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dXDmtS:focus,.dXDmtS:active{text-shadow:0.25px 0 0.1px,-0.25px 0 0.1px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:inherit;color:#000000;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dXDmtS:disabled{pointer-events:none;color:#d2d4d6;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){}\/*!sc*\/\n.kItbpD{padding-left:0;padding-right:0;border:none;outline:none;-webkit-column-gap:6px;column-gap:6px;box-sizing:border-box;color:#000000;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.kItbpD:hover{background-color:inherit;border:none;outline:none;color:#000000;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.kItbpD:focus,.kItbpD:active{text-shadow:0.25px 0 0.1px,-0.25px 0 0.1px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;background-color:inherit;color:#000000;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.kItbpD:disabled{pointer-events:none;color:#d2d4d6;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g13[id=\"sc-48d6da7e-6\"]{content:\"dXDmtS,kItbpD,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.ifUzfO{background-color:#00000033;display:none;visibility:hidden;top:0px;position:fixed;border:none;width:100%;bottom:0;display:grid;place-items:center;z-index:5000;}\/*!sc*\/\n.ifUzfO *{z-index:5000;}\/*!sc*\/\n.irQldJ{background-color:#00000033;display:none;visibility:hidden;top:0px;position:fixed;border:none;width:100%;bottom:0;z-index:3000;}\/*!sc*\/\n.irQldJ *{z-index:3000;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g21[id=\"sc-3192fecd-0\"]{content:\"ifUzfO,irQldJ,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.cxUgbQ{margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw);}\/*!sc*\/\n.cxUgbQ .dotcom-ad.active{border-top:1px solid #545658!important;border-bottom:1px solid #545658!important;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:5px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.bFAJrO{margin-bottom:0px;height:278px;background-color:rgb(248,248,248);margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw);}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.bFAJrO{height:118px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.bFAJrO{height:78px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.bFAJrO .dotcom-ad.active{border-top:1px solid #545658!important;border-bottom:1px solid #545658!important;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:5px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.kuYBMG{margin-bottom:24px;margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw);}\/*!sc*\/\n.kuYBMG .dotcom-ad.active{border-top:1px solid #545658!important;border-bottom:1px solid #545658!important;padding-top:15px;padding-bottom:5px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g22[id=\"sc-eb24677f-0\"]{content:\"cxUgbQ,bFAJrO,kuYBMG,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gILusN{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;color:unset;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g24[id=\"sc-2e6baa30-0\"]{content:\"gILusN,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.dBUlMZ{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;top:0;left:0;right:0;height:65px;background-color:#ffffff;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e8ea;z-index:4000;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dBUlMZ *{z-index:4000;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g47[id=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-0\"]{content:\"dBUlMZ,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.eCirE{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;padding:12px 16px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g48[id=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-1\"]{content:\"eCirE,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jvZnqG{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;}\/*!sc*\/\n.jvZnqG svg{height:30px;width:auto;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g49[id=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-2\"]{content:\"jvZnqG,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.eTbKet{width:32px;height:32px;cursor:pointer;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;background-color:#ffffff;}\/*!sc*\/\n.eTbKet:hover{background-color:transparent;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g50[id=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-3\"]{content:\"eTbKet,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hGNtcn{margin-left:16px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g51[id=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-4\"]{content:\"hGNtcn,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.cYRsBO{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:start;-webkit-justify-content:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:start;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g52[id=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-5\"]{content:\"cYRsBO,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.crChL{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;height:32px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g53[id=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-6\"]{content:\"crChL,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.kMdlAO{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:end;gap:20px;height:40px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g54[id=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-7\"]{content:\"kMdlAO,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hYxbtM{margin-top:29px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.hYxbtM{margin-top:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.hYxbtM{margin-top:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g55[id=\"sc-19b1eb93-0\"]{content:\"hYxbtM,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.fwyFkM{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-column-gap:16px;column-gap:16px;row-gap:18px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.fwyFkM{-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;row-gap:24px;-webkit-column-gap:0;column-gap:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.fwyFkM{-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;row-gap:24px;-webkit-column-gap:0;column-gap:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g56[id=\"sc-19b1eb93-1\"]{content:\"fwyFkM,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.bqtBci{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;position:relative;color:#000000;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.bqtBci:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g57[id=\"sc-19b1eb93-2\"]{content:\"bqtBci,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.cUeFDY{margin-top:21px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.cUeFDY{margin-top:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.cUeFDY{margin-top:40px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.cUeFDY{margin-top:40px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g58[id=\"sc-b310c64c-0\"]{content:\"cUeFDY,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gyQHkZ{position:relative;margin-right:16px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g59[id=\"sc-b310c64c-1\"]{content:\"gyQHkZ,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.cJfGSm{cursor:pointer;height:44px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:6px 12px;background-color:#e6e8ea;color:#202224;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.cJfGSm:hover{background-color:#d2d4d6;}\/*!sc*\/\n.cJfGSm[disabled]{cursor:auto;color:#8a8c8e;background-color:#d2d4d6;}\/*!sc*\/\n.cJfGSm:active{background-color:#e6e8ea;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g60[id=\"sc-b310c64c-2\"]{content:\"cJfGSm,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.iqAXuG{width:24px;height:24px;margin-left:4.5px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;color:#000000;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g61[id=\"sc-b310c64c-3\"]{content:\"iqAXuG,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.iNEkxQ{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:16px 0;border-top:1px solid #e6e8ea;padding-top:16px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.iNEkxQ{-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g67[id=\"sc-97754ce7-0\"]{content:\"iNEkxQ,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.friRUH{font-family:'BBC Reith Sans';font-size:16px;line-height:20px;font-weight:500;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin-right:40px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.friRUH{margin-bottom:16px;margin-right:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g68[id=\"sc-97754ce7-1\"]{content:\"friRUH,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gRRybj{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:16px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}\/*!sc*\/\n.gRRybj button{width:24px;height:24px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.gRRybj button{width:28px;height:28px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g69[id=\"sc-97754ce7-2\"]{content:\"gRRybj,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hmVYPm{position:relative;}\/*!sc*\/\n.hmVYPm:hover{outline:1px solid #3a3c3e;}\/*!sc*\/\n.hmVYPm::after{content:'';width:0;height:0;border-left:6px solid transparent;border-right:6px solid transparent;border-bottom:9px solid #e6e8ea;position:absolute;bottom:-20px;left:50%;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%);-ms-transform:translateX(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%);-webkit-transition:0.2s linear opacity;transition:0.2s linear opacity;visibility:hidden;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.hmVYPm::after{bottom:-14px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g72[id=\"sc-97754ce7-5\"]{content:\"hmVYPm,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.vUnzo{margin-top:16px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g75[id=\"sc-e205027-0\"]{content:\"vUnzo,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.bpAeuU{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-column-gap:16px;column-gap:16px;row-gap:12px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g76[id=\"sc-e205027-1\"]{content:\"bpAeuU,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gMaXrB{-webkit-flex:0 0 auto;-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g77[id=\"sc-e205027-2\"]{content:\"gMaXrB,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jOEMgn{cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#000000;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:16px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.jOEMgn:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g78[id=\"sc-e205027-3\"]{content:\"jOEMgn,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.itISwu{color:#202224;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:38px;line-height:44px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.76px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.76px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.76px;letter-spacing:-0.76px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.itISwu{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:28px;line-height:34px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.56px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.56px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.56px;letter-spacing:-0.56px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.itISwu{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:28px;line-height:34px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.56px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.56px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.56px;letter-spacing:-0.56px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.DkKTF{color:#202224;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:32px;line-height:36px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.32px;letter-spacing:-0.32px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.DkKTF{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:24px;line-height:28px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.48px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.48px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.48px;letter-spacing:-0.48px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.DkKTF{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:24px;line-height:28px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.48px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.48px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.48px;letter-spacing:-0.48px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g79[id=\"sc-518485e5-0\"]{content:\"itISwu,DkKTF,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.eeiVGB{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;display:grid;gap:16px;margin:0 auto;width:722px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.eeiVGB{margin:0 auto;width:728px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.eeiVGB{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.eeiVGB{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.eeiVGB{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.eeiVGB{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.eeiVGB{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.eeiVGB{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.eeiVGB{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.eeiVGB{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.dlWCEZ{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;display:grid;gap:16px;margin:0 auto;width:722px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.dlWCEZ{margin:0 auto;width:728px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.dlWCEZ{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.dlWCEZ{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.dlWCEZ{margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.dlWCEZ{margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.dlWCEZ{margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.dlWCEZ{margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.dlWCEZ{margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.dlWCEZ{margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.ejjhCR{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;display:grid;gap:16px;margin:0 auto;width:932px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.ejjhCR{margin:0 auto;width:728px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.ejjhCR{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.ejjhCR{margin:0;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.ejjhCR{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.ejjhCR{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.ejjhCR{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.ejjhCR{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.ejjhCR{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.ejjhCR{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.bdPeAJ{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;display:grid;gap:16px;margin:0 auto;width:722px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.bdPeAJ{margin:0 auto;width:728px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.bdPeAJ{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.bdPeAJ{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.bdPeAJ{margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.bdPeAJ{margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.bdPeAJ{margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.bdPeAJ{margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.bdPeAJ{margin-bottom:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.bdPeAJ{margin-bottom:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.jFCfG{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;display:grid;gap:16px;margin:0 auto;width:722px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.jFCfG{margin:0 auto;width:728px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.jFCfG{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.jFCfG{margin:0;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.jFCfG{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.jFCfG{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.jFCfG{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.jFCfG{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.jFCfG{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.jFCfG{margin-bottom:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.eLrdPC{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;display:grid;gap:16px;margin:0 auto;width:826px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.eLrdPC{margin:0 auto;width:728px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.eLrdPC{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.eLrdPC{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.eLrdPC{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.eLrdPC{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.eLrdPC{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.eLrdPC{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.eLrdPC{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.eLrdPC{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.jVHuOl{position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;display:grid;gap:16px;margin:0 auto;width:722px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.jVHuOl{margin:0 auto;width:728px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.jVHuOl{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.jVHuOl{margin:0 16px;width:auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.jVHuOl{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.jVHuOl{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.jVHuOl{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.jVHuOl{margin-top:32px;margin-bottom:32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.jVHuOl{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.jVHuOl{margin-top:24px;margin-bottom:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g80[id=\"sc-18fde0d6-0\"]{content:\"eeiVGB,dlWCEZ,ejjhCR,bdPeAJ,jFCfG,eLrdPC,jVHuOl,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.beIoQm{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;color:#202224;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:18px;line-height:26px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.36px;letter-spacing:-0.36px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.beIoQm{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.32px;letter-spacing:-0.32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.beIoQm{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.32px;letter-spacing:-0.32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g87[id=\"sc-c9299ecf-0\"]{content:\"beIoQm,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.fezwLZ{color:#202224;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:18px;line-height:26px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.36px;letter-spacing:-0.36px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.fezwLZ{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.32px;letter-spacing:-0.32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.fezwLZ{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.32px;letter-spacing:-0.32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g90[id=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0\"]{content:\"fezwLZ,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.kVRnKf{font-weight:600;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.kVRnKf{word-break:break-word;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.kPypaC{word-break:break-word;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.kKcaog{font-style:italic;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.kKcaog{word-break:break-word;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g91[id=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0\"]{content:\"kVRnKf,kPypaC,kKcaog,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.bbntGk{max-width:1280px;width:100%;margin:16px auto 48px auto;padding:0 16px;box-sizing:border-box;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g92[id=\"sc-c05885a3-0\"]{content:\"bbntGk,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gkyhbo{margin-top:16px;word-wrap:break-word;}\/*!sc*\/\n.gkyhbo p{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:16px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.gkyhbo b,.gkyhbo a{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:12px;line-height:16px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.gkyhbo a{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#000000;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.gkyhbo{margin-top:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g93[id=\"sc-c05885a3-1\"]{content:\"gkyhbo,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.eBEgvI{background-color:#3a3c3e;margin-top:16px;height:1px;border:none;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g94[id=\"sc-c05885a3-2\"]{content:\"eBEgvI,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jqsEov{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g95[id=\"sc-c05885a3-3\"]{content:\"jqsEov,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hkTqj{border-bottom:1px solid #e6e8ea;position:relative;text-align:center;overflow:hidden;line-height:0;max-width:100vw;z-index:3000;}\/*!sc*\/\n.hkTqj *{z-index:3000;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.hkTqj{border-bottom:none;display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g99[id=\"sc-f116bf72-0\"]{content:\"hkTqj,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.xECcw{display:inline-block;overflow-x:hidden;white-space:nowrap;margin-bottom:-1px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g100[id=\"sc-f116bf72-1\"]{content:\"xECcw,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.bXpjTY{list-style-type:none;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding:0;margin:0;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.bXpjTY{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g101[id=\"sc-f116bf72-2\"]{content:\"bXpjTY,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.cHJCBW{position:relative;}\/*!sc*\/\n.kkeorx{position:relative;}\/*!sc*\/\n.kkeorx::before{content:'';position:absolute;width:1px;height:30px;background:#e6e8ea;left:0;top:50%;-webkit-transform:translateY(-50%);-ms-transform:translateY(-50%);transform:translateY(-50%);}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g102[id=\"sc-f116bf72-3\"]{content:\"cHJCBW,kkeorx,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.tIuPV{position:relative;display:block;color:#000000;cursor:pointer;padding:12px 8px;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.tIuPV:hover{background-color:#e6e8ea;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g103[id=\"sc-f116bf72-4\"]{content:\"tIuPV,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hBTemC{z-index:3000;position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky;background-color:#ffffff;top:65px;left:0;right:0;}\/*!sc*\/\n.hBTemC *{z-index:3000;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.hBTemC{height:0;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g108[id=\"sc-f116bf72-9\"]{content:\"hBTemC,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jLNykE{z-index:4001;position:fixed;top:0;background:white;padding:0 8px;display:block;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g113[id=\"sc-c8fbcff-0\"]{content:\"jLNykE,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.kPEgTc{padding:0 0 8px 0px;width:320px;max-height:80vh;overflow-y:auto;margin-top:65px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.lgTkUi{padding:0 0 8px 16px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.bXKLZA{padding:0 0 8px 32px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.khALxp{padding:0 0 8px 48px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.bLMSxz{padding:0 0 8px 64px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g114[id=\"sc-c8fbcff-1\"]{content:\"kPEgTc,lgTkUi,bXKLZA,khALxp,bLMSxz,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.glQTWZ{position:absolute;left:22px;top:22px;cursor:pointer;display:block;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g115[id=\"sc-c8fbcff-2\"]{content:\"glQTWZ,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jtEFxm{border-bottom:1px solid #e6e8ea;padding:0 14px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g116[id=\"sc-c8fbcff-3\"]{content:\"jtEFxm,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.dCOsAv{position:fixed;display:block;bottom:0;width:100%;background-color:#ffffff;visibility:hidden;z-index:3000;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.1s ease-in-out;-webkit-transition:transform 0.1s ease-in-out;transition:transform 0.1s ease-in-out;top:0px;left:0;width:320px;-webkit-transform:translateX(-100%);-ms-transform:translateX(-100%);transform:translateX(-100%);}\/*!sc*\/\n.dCOsAv *{z-index:3000;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.dCOsAv{width:100%;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g117[id=\"sc-bcd5a959-0\"]{content:\"dCOsAv,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.emMBqr{position:relative;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;border:1px solid #8a8c8e;width:100%;height:44px;background-color:#ffffff;}\/*!sc*\/\n.emMBqr:focus-within,.emMBqr:hover{border:2px solid #000000;margin:-1px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.emMBqr svg[icon='search']{width:20px;height:20px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.emMBqr svg[icon='close']{width:12px;height:12px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.emMBqr .sc-48d6da7e-3{width:44px;height:44px;outline:1px solid #000000;}\/*!sc*\/\n.emMBqr .sc-48d6da7e-3 span{width:18px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.emMBqr .sc-48d6da7e-5{width:44px;height:44px;outline:0;border:0;}\/*!sc*\/\n.emMBqr .sc-48d6da7e-5:hover{background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;outline:0;border:0;}\/*!sc*\/\n.emMBqr:hover{border:2px solid #3a3c3e;margin:-1px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.emMBqr:hover .sc-48d6da7e-3{background-color:#3a3c3e;border:2px solid #3a3c3e;outline:0;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g118[id=\"sc-e1a87ea7-0\"]{content:\"emMBqr,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.clPMUF{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;border:none;outline:none;color:#202224;padding:13px 0 13px 13px;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:16px;line-height:18px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;font-size:16px;width:40px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.clPMUF{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:16px;line-height:18px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;font-size:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g119[id=\"sc-e1a87ea7-1\"]{content:\"clPMUF,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.fAkitL{box-sizing:border-box;overflow-y:scroll;padding:0 8px;height:100%;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g122[id=\"sc-c2aa8288-0\"]{content:\"fAkitL,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.lprTtA{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);-ms-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0deg);-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.1s ease-in-out;-webkit-transition:transform 0.1s ease-in-out;transition:transform 0.1s ease-in-out;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:10px;width:13px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g123[id=\"sc-c2aa8288-1\"]{content:\"lprTtA,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.irTfjU{grid-template-columns:1fr auto;background-color:#ffffff;padding:13px 14px;position:relative;text-align:left;cursor:pointer;display:grid;border:none;width:100%;gap:22px;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:16px;line-height:18px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.irTfjU:hover{background-color:#e6e8ea;}\/*!sc*\/\n.irTfjU:before{background-color:transparent;-webkit-transform:translateX(-100%);-ms-transform:translateX(-100%);transform:translateX(-100%);position:absolute;height:100%;content:'';width:8px;left:0;top:0;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g124[id=\"sc-c2aa8288-2\"]{content:\"irTfjU,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gNfKvw{word-break:break-word;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g125[id=\"sc-c2aa8288-3\"]{content:\"gNfKvw,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gponRQ{border-bottom:1px solid #e6e8ea;background-color:#ffffff;box-sizing:border-box;display:grid;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g127[id=\"sc-c2aa8288-5\"]{content:\"gponRQ,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.ioPLtn{background-color:#f6f6f6;border-bottom:1px solid #e6e8ea;padding:8px;margin:0 -8px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g128[id=\"sc-c2aa8288-6\"]{content:\"ioPLtn,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.xKITv{-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;justify-items:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;place-items:center;padding:12px 0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:16px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g129[id=\"sc-c2aa8288-7\"]{content:\"xKITv,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hyYukw{position:relative;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g130[id=\"sc-db60fb3f-0\"]{content:\"hyYukw,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.bfyvlX{position:absolute;top:-9999px;left:0;font-family:BBC Reith Sans;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;line-height:18px;text-align:left;color:#000000;padding:8px 12px 8px 12px;border:2px solid #000000;}\/*!sc*\/\n.bfyvlX:focus,.bfyvlX:active{z-index:5000;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.bfyvlX:focus,.bfyvlX:active{top:14px;left:104px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.bfyvlX:focus,.bfyvlX:active{top:76px;left:16px;background-color:#ffffff;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g131[id=\"sc-db60fb3f-1\"]{content:\"bfyvlX,\"}\/*!sc*\/\nhtml,body,div,span,applet,object,iframe,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p,blockquote,pre,a,abbr,acronym,address,big,cite,code,del,dfn,em,img,ins,kbd,q,s,samp,small,strike,strong,sub,sup,tt,var,b,u,i,center,dl,dt,dd,ol,ul,li,fieldset,form,label,legend,table,caption,tbody,tfoot,thead,tr,th,td,article,aside,canvas,details,embed,figure,figcaption,footer,header,hgroup,main,menu,nav,output,ruby,section,summary,time,mark,audio,video{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;font:inherit;vertical-align:baseline;}\/*!sc*\/\narticle,aside,details,figcaption,figure,footer,header,hgroup,main,menu,nav,section{display:block;}\/*!sc*\/\nbody{line-height:1;}\/*!sc*\/\n@supports (-webkit-text-size-adjust:none) or (text-size-adjust:none){body{-webkit-text-size-adjust:none;text-size-adjust:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\nol,ul{list-style:none;}\/*!sc*\/\nblockquote,q{quotes:none;}\/*!sc*\/\nblockquote::before,blockquote::after,q::before,q::after{content:'';}\/*!sc*\/\ntable{border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;}\/*!sc*\/\nbutton{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;margin:0;padding:0;background:none;border-radius:0;border:0;font-family:inherit;color:inherit;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g132[id=\"sc-global-igImlZ1\"]{content:\"sc-global-igImlZ1,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.haItSe{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g147[id=\"sc-b42e7a8f-0\"]{content:\"haItSe,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.cjDa-dM{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;min-height:32px;margin-bottom:4px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.cjDa-dM{min-height:0;margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g148[id=\"sc-b42e7a8f-1\"]{content:\"cjDa-dM,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jViTsK{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.12px;letter-spacing:-0.12px;color:#545658;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g149[id=\"sc-b42e7a8f-2\"]{content:\"jViTsK,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.cFXrjb{-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;-webkit-align-self:start;-ms-flex-item-align:start;align-self:start;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-column-gap:12px;column-gap:12px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.cFXrjb{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g150[id=\"sc-b42e7a8f-3\"]{content:\"cFXrjb,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.ffcVEa{display:none;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.ffcVEa{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;border-top:1px solid #e6e8ea;height:44px;margin-top:12px;}.ffcVEa button:not(.popover button){font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:16px;line-height:18px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g151[id=\"sc-b42e7a8f-4\"]{content:\"ffcVEa,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.evAEAB{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g152[id=\"sc-b42e7a8f-5\"]{content:\"evAEAB,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.kItaYD{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.16px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.16px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.16px;letter-spacing:-0.16px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g154[id=\"sc-b42e7a8f-7\"]{content:\"kItaYD,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.bTSIhT{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:16px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;color:#545658;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g155[id=\"sc-b42e7a8f-8\"]{content:\"bTSIhT,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.fcCDwR{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:16px;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.fcCDwR{gap:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g159[id=\"sc-b42e7a8f-12\"]{content:\"fcCDwR,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.eVThlc{background-color:#e6e8ea;padding:24px;display:grid;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g160[id=\"sc-e11d1f0-0\"]{content:\"eVThlc,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.kDQByp{display:grid;grid-gap:8px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g161[id=\"sc-e11d1f0-1\"]{content:\"kDQByp,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.ewSByo{display:grid;grid-gap:12px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.ewSByo{grid-gap:10px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.ewSByo p:empty{display:none;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g162[id=\"sc-e11d1f0-2\"]{content:\"ewSByo,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.fBWdkT{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:18px;line-height:22px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;color:#545658;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.fBWdkT{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g163[id=\"sc-e11d1f0-3\"]{content:\"fBWdkT,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gxuhBx{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:18px;line-height:28px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.36px;letter-spacing:-0.36px;color:#3a3c3e;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.gxuhBx{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:16px;line-height:24px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.32px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.32px;letter-spacing:-0.32px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g164[id=\"sc-e11d1f0-4\"]{content:\"gxuhBx,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.iUqqeb{display:block;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;color:#545658;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;padding-top:8px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g166[id=\"sc-8353772e-0\"]{content:\"iUqqeb,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.WkJHg{box-sizing:border-box;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:flex-start;-webkit-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-items:flex-start;padding:24px 16px 24px 0;gap:8px;border-width:1px 0;border-style:solid;border-color:#e6e8ea;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g181[id=\"sc-9967660-0\"]{content:\"WkJHg,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.dBFvZy{width:32px;height:32px;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g182[id=\"sc-9967660-1\"]{content:\"dBFvZy,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.kcfPbO{font-style:italic;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:18px;line-height:26px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.36px;letter-spacing:-0.36px;font-style:italic;color:#202224;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g183[id=\"sc-9967660-2\"]{content:\"kcfPbO,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.kgpAvc{background-color:#000000;color:#ffffff;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;justify-items:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;position:absolute;min-width:24px;bottom:0;display:grid;left:0;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.kgpAvc{left:0px;display:grid;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g189[id=\"sc-92f37ff6-0\"]{content:\"kgpAvc,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gfxjeq{-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:32px;width:32px;margin:4px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.gfxjeq > svg{height:20px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.gfxjeq{height:32px;width:32px;margin:4px;}.gfxjeq > svg{height:20px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g190[id=\"sc-92f37ff6-1\"]{content:\"gfxjeq,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hMFMgw{margin-top:4px;height:32px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:8px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.hMFMgw{margin-top:4px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.hMFMgw{margin-top:4px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.bFzmvn{margin-top:0px;height:auto;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:8px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.bFzmvn{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.bFzmvn{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.bFzmvn{margin-top:2px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.bFzmvn{margin-top:2px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.kZsXRf{margin-top:0px;height:32px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:8px;position:absolute;bottom:0;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.kZsXRf{margin-top:2px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.kZsXRf{margin-top:2px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g191[id=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0\"]{content:\"hMFMgw,bFzmvn,kZsXRf,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.ioNoDA{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.12px;letter-spacing:-0.12px;color:#afb1b4;}\/*!sc*\/\n.cbeuWG{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.12px;letter-spacing:-0.12px;color:#545658;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.cbeuWG{display:block;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.cbeuWG{display:block;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.cbeuWG{display:block;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.cbeuWG{display:block;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.cbeuWG{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.cbeuWG{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.fZvNua{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.12px;letter-spacing:-0.12px;color:#545658;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.fZvNua{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.fZvNua{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.fZvNua{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.fZvNua{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.fZvNua{display:block;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.fZvNua{display:block;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g192[id=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1\"]{content:\"ioNoDA,cbeuWG,fZvNua,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.eiXiGe{color:#afb1b4;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.12px;letter-spacing:-0.12px;pointer-events:none;}\/*!sc*\/\n.jOCsOj{color:#545658;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:12px;line-height:14px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.12px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.12px;letter-spacing:-0.12px;pointer-events:none;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g193[id=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2\"]{content:\"eiXiGe,jOCsOj,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gNUyZj{background-color:#afb1b4;margin:auto 2px;height:16px;width:1px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.eQhLId{background-color:#545658;margin:auto 2px;height:16px;width:1px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.eQhLId{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.eQhLId{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.eQhLId{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.eQhLId{display:none;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.eQhLId{display:block;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.eQhLId{display:block;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g194[id=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3\"]{content:\"gNUyZj,eQhLId,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.fiJvSm{display:grid;box-sizing:border-box;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.fiJvSm{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,1fr);grid-gap:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.fiJvSm{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,1fr);grid-gap:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1007px){.fiJvSm{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,1fr);grid-gap:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:767px){.fiJvSm{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,1fr);grid-gap:24px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.fiJvSm{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,1fr);grid-gap:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.fiJvSm{grid-template-columns:repeat(1,1fr);grid-gap:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g209[id=\"sc-93223220-0\"]{content:\"fiJvSm,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jvGDZA{width:100%;margin-right:0;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.jvGDZA{margin-right:8px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g219[id=\"sc-87075214-0\"]{content:\"jvGDZA,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.dRanZR{width:100%;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.dRanZR{min-height:32px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g220[id=\"sc-87075214-1\"]{content:\"dRanZR,kycgkX,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.fscymh{color:#202224;color:#e6e8ea;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:18px;line-height:22px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.36px;letter-spacing:-0.36px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.fscymh{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:18px;line-height:22px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.36px;letter-spacing:-0.36px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.czAFqs{color:#202224;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:24px;line-height:28px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.48px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.48px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.48px;letter-spacing:-0.48px;margin-bottom:12px;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:24px;line-height:28px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.48px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.48px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.48px;letter-spacing:-0.48px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.czAFqs{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:20px;line-height:24px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.4px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.4px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.4px;letter-spacing:-0.4px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.czAFqs{margin-bottom:8px;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:500;font-size:18px;line-height:22px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-moz-letter-spacing:-0.36px;-ms-letter-spacing:-0.36px;letter-spacing:-0.36px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g222[id=\"sc-87075214-3\"]{content:\"fscymh,czAFqs,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.bIGryj{border-bottom:0;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.2s ease-in-out;transition:opacity 0.2s ease-in-out;grid-auto-rows:auto auto 1fr auto;position:relative;display:grid;opacity:1;opacity:0.3;}\/*!sc*\/\n.bIGryj:hover img{opacity:0.8;}\/*!sc*\/\n.bIGryj:hover h2{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g285[id=\"sc-b8778340-0\"]{content:\"bIGryj,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jvzsLx{position:relative;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g286[id=\"sc-b8778340-1\"]{content:\"jvzsLx,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.kUyIkJ{height:100%;width:100%;}\/*!sc*\/\n.kUyIkJ img{aspect-ratio:16 \/ 9;object-fit:cover;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g287[id=\"sc-b8778340-2\"]{content:\"kUyIkJ,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.eTiihu{background-color:#141618;color:#000000;grid-gap:12px;display:grid;padding-top:8px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g288[id=\"sc-b8778340-3\"]{content:\"eTiihu,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hUTjjg{color:#e6e8ea;font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.hUTjjg{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g289[id=\"sc-b8778340-4\"]{content:\"hUTjjg,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jfacew{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;color:#202224;margin-bottom:56px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.jfacew{font-family:BBC Reith Serif, BBCReithSerif-fallback,serif;font-weight:400;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;margin-bottom:48px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g337[id=\"sc-ae29827d-0\"]{content:\"jfacew,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.hAmwyA{-webkit-align-items:start;-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:start;display:grid;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g338[id=\"sc-ae29827d-1\"]{content:\"hAmwyA,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.bgogNC{height:100%;width:100%;}\/*!sc*\/\n.bgogNC img{aspect-ratio:16 \/ 9;object-fit:cover;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g339[id=\"sc-ae29827d-2\"]{content:\"bgogNC,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.khCtOO{border-bottom:1px solid #e6e8ea;position:relative;min-height:190px;display:block;}\/*!sc*\/\n.fKfpeF{border-bottom:none;position:relative;min-height:190px;display:block;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g340[id=\"sc-ae29827d-3\"]{content:\"khCtOO,fKfpeF,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.ypQFr{grid-template-columns:90px 1fr;-webkit-align-items:stretch;-webkit-box-align:stretch;-ms-flex-align:stretch;align-items:stretch;position:relative;display:grid;gap:16px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.ypQFr:hover img{opacity:0.8;}\/*!sc*\/\n.ypQFr:hover h2{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.ypQFr{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g341[id=\"sc-ae29827d-4\"]{content:\"ypQFr,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jVhDCQ{margin-bottom:16px;position:relative;margin-left:16px;float:right;width:300px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.jVhDCQ{margin-bottom:8px;margin-left:8px;width:50%;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g342[id=\"sc-ae29827d-5\"]{content:\"jVhDCQ,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.dzMUxv{display:block;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g343[id=\"sc-ae29827d-6\"]{content:\"dzMUxv,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gwUgXL{border:2px solid transparent;outline:2px solid transparent;display:inline-block;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:14px;line-height:16px;text-transform:none;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0px;-moz-letter-spacing:0px;-ms-letter-spacing:0px;letter-spacing:0px;padding:8px 10px;background-color:#f6f6f6;color:#000000;}\/*!sc*\/\n.gwUgXL:hover{background-color:#3a3c3e;color:#ffffff;}\/*!sc*\/\n.gwUgXL:focus{background-color:#000000;border-color:#ffffff;outline-color:#3a3c3e;color:#ffffff;}\/*!sc*\/\n.gwUgXL:active{background-color:#f6f6f6;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g476[id=\"sc-3df0d64d-0\"]{content:\"gwUgXL,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.dGavUm{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:8px;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g478[id=\"sc-4b0aaa-0\"]{content:\"dGavUm,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.laRYIo{margin:0 16px;border-width:0;height:2px;width:100%;background-color:#e6e8ea;}\/*!sc*\/\n.bHUvKO{margin:0 16px;border-width:0;height:2px;width:100%;background-color:#3a3c3e;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g491[id=\"sc-2be11b79-0\"]{content:\"laRYIo,bHUvKO,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.ePwOJX{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g492[id=\"sc-2be11b79-1\"]{content:\"ePwOJX,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.koMJJi{margin-bottom:24px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.koMJJi{margin-bottom:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g493[id=\"sc-2be11b79-2\"]{content:\"koMJJi,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.iflVUS{padding:0 16px;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;color:#202224;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:row;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;-webkit-align-items:start;-webkit-box-align:start;-ms-flex-align:start;align-items:start;margin-top:8px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g494[id=\"sc-2be11b79-3\"]{content:\"iflVUS,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.laLKDk{color:#e6e8ea;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.75px;-moz-letter-spacing:0.75px;-ms-letter-spacing:0.75px;letter-spacing:0.75px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.laLKDk svg{display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-top;width:20px;fill:#ffffff;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.laLKDk svg{width:18px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.laLKDk{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;-moz-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;-ms-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.laLKDk{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;-moz-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;-ms-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.fAxgMO{color:#202224;font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:15px;line-height:20px;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.75px;-moz-letter-spacing:0.75px;-ms-letter-spacing:0.75px;letter-spacing:0.75px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.fAxgMO svg{display:inline-block;vertical-align:text-top;width:20px;fill:#000000;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.fAxgMO svg{width:18px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.fAxgMO{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;-moz-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;-ms-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:399px){.fAxgMO{font-family:BBC Reith Sans, BBCReithSans-fallback,sans-serif;font-weight:800;font-size:14px;line-height:18px;text-transform:uppercase;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;-moz-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;-ms-letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;letter-spacing:0.7000000000000001px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g495[id=\"sc-2be11b79-4\"]{content:\"laLKDk,fAxgMO,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.djXsFQ{max-width:1038px;margin:0 auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:1279px){.djXsFQ{margin:0 16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g505[id=\"sc-da05643e-1\"]{content:\"djXsFQ,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.iYKspt{display:grid;background-color:#141618;padding:0 16px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g585[id=\"sc-8a8cf983-0\"]{content:\"iYKspt,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.gaQDrT{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;overflow:scroll;-webkit-column-gap:12px;column-gap:12px;-webkit-scroll-snap-type:x proximity;-moz-scroll-snap-type:x proximity;-ms-scroll-snap-type:x proximity;scroll-snap-type:x proximity;-webkit-scrollbar-width:none;-moz-scrollbar-width:none;-ms-scrollbar-width:none;scrollbar-width:none;}\/*!sc*\/\n.gaQDrT::-webkit-scrollbar{display:none;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g586[id=\"sc-8a8cf983-1\"]{content:\"gaQDrT,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.jupLmo{width:270px;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-scroll-snap-align:start;-moz-scroll-snap-align:start;-ms-scroll-snap-align:start;scroll-snap-align:start;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g587[id=\"sc-8a8cf983-2\"]{content:\"jupLmo,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.bPQaRs{display:grid;width:100%;background-color:#141618;padding-block:24px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.bPQaRs{padding-block:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.bPQaRs:last-of-type{margin-bottom:120px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dYnBSI{display:grid;width:100%;background-color:#ffffff;margin-block:48px;}\/*!sc*\/\n.dYnBSI:first-of-type{margin-top:24px;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:599px){.dYnBSI{margin-block:32px;}.dYnBSI:first-of-type{margin-top:16px;}}\/*!sc*\/\n.dYnBSI:last-of-type{margin-bottom:120px;}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g610[id=\"sc-227eb15e-1\"]{content:\"bPQaRs,dYnBSI,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n.harZpM{max-width:1280px;width:100%;position:relative;}\/*!sc*\/\n@media screen and (max-width:8192px){.harZpM{margin:0 auto;}}\/*!sc*\/\ndata-styled.g611[id=\"sc-227eb15e-2\"]{content:\"harZpM,\"}\/*!sc*\/\n<\/style><\/head><body><div id=\"__next\"><div class=\"app\"><noscript><style>.hide-when-no-script { visibility: hidden; }<\/style><\/noscript><div data-testid=\"backdrop\" class=\"sc-3192fecd-0 ifUzfO\"><\/div><div class=\"sc-db60fb3f-0 hyYukw\"><a href=\"#main-content\" aria-label=\"Skip to content\" role=\"link\" class=\"sc-db60fb3f-1 bfyvlX\">Skip to content<\/a><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 cxUgbQ\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-interstitial\" id=\"dotcom-interstitial\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><header class=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-0 dBUlMZ\"><div class=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-1 eCirE\"><div class=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-5 cYRsBO hide-when-no-script\"><button role=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"Open menu\" class=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-3 eTbKet\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" category=\"actions\" icon=\"list-view-text\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M1 7.5h30V1.9H1v5.6zm0 22.6h30v-5.6H1v5.6zm0-11.3h30v-5.6H1v5.6z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><button role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Search BBC\" class=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-3 sc-d6c9e5b8-4 eTbKet hGNtcn\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" category=\"actions\" icon=\"search\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"m30.6 28.1-8.3-8.3c1.5-2 2.4-4.4 2.4-7.2C24.7 6 19.6 1 13 1S1.4 6.1 1.4 12.7 6.5 24.3 13 24.3c2.3 0 4.4-.6 6.2-1.8l8.5 8.5 2.9-2.9zM4 12.6c0-5.2 3.9-9.1 9-9.1s9 3.9 9 9.1c0 5.2-3.9 9.1-9 9.1s-9-3.9-9-9.1z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><div class=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-6 crChL\"><div class=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-2 jvZnqG\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 112 32\" category=\"logo\" icon=\"bbc\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 itfIsL\"><title>British Broadcasting Corporation<\/title><path d=\"M111.99999,4.44444577e-05 L111.99999,32.0000444 L79.9999905,32.0000444 L79.9999905,4.44444577e-05 L111.99999,4.44444577e-05 Z M72.0000119,-3.55271368e-15 L72.0000119,32 L40.0000119,32 L40.0000119,-3.55271368e-15 L72.0000119,-3.55271368e-15 Z M32,-3.55271368e-15 L32,32 L-1.13686838e-13,32 L-1.13686838e-13,-3.55271368e-15 L32,-3.55271368e-15 Z M97.469329,6.80826869 C96.0294397,6.80826869 94.7294393,7.02226876 93.5693278,7.44982444 C92.4089942,7.87782457 91.4137717,8.49471364 90.5841047,9.30049166 C89.7538823,10.1067141 89.1188821,11.07327 88.6785486,12.199937 C88.2378818,13.3269373 88.0177706,14.5896043 88.0177706,15.9876048 C88.0177706,17.4188274 88.2296596,18.7062722 88.6531042,19.8493837 C89.0763265,20.9929396 89.6861045,21.9591621 90.482438,22.748829 C91.2784383,23.5383848 92.2522163,24.1430516 93.4042167,24.5624962 C94.5558837,24.9819408 95.8516619,25.1917186 97.2914401,25.1917186 C98.3752182,25.1917186 99.4086629,25.072163 100.391219,24.8338296 C101.37333,24.5956073 102.237108,24.2706072 102.982664,23.8592738 L102.982664,23.8592738 L102.982664,20.4292727 C101.40733,21.4001619 99.6881074,21.8851621 97.8251069,21.8851621 C96.6054399,21.8851621 95.567884,21.6549398 94.7126615,21.194273 C93.8572168,20.7338284 93.2049944,20.0633837 92.7564387,19.1831613 C92.3073275,18.3032721 92.0831052,17.2380496 92.0831052,15.9876048 C92.0831052,14.7377155 92.3156608,13.6766041 92.7816609,12.8044927 C93.2474389,11.9327147 93.916328,11.2664922 94.7888838,10.8058254 C95.6609951,10.3453809 96.715551,10.1148252 97.9521069,10.1148252 C98.8496628,10.1148252 99.7052186,10.2342697 100.518108,10.4726031 C101.331219,10.7112699 102.084664,11.0609366 102.779442,11.5212701 L102.779442,11.5212701 L102.779442,8.01738016 C102.017219,7.62260227 101.191441,7.32260218 100.302219,7.11671323 C99.4129963,6.91126872 98.4685515,6.80826869 97.469329,6.80826869 Z M55.7552388,7.00000208 L49.0000146,7.00000208 L49.0000146,25.0000021 L56.1713501,25.0000021 C57.590906,25.0000021 58.8063508,24.7903407 59.8181289,24.3706739 C60.8297959,23.9513405 61.6087961,23.3553403 62.1555741,22.5832289 C62.7020187,21.8114509 62.9754632,20.8882284 62.9754632,19.8140059 C62.9754632,18.7232278 62.6941298,17.7960053 62.1312407,17.0321162 C61.5681294,16.2686715 60.7563514,15.7104491 59.6957955,15.3580046 C60.4625736,14.9891156 61.0420182,14.4894488 61.4335738,13.8601152 C61.8252406,13.2307817 62.0210185,12.4881148 62.0210185,11.6321146 C62.0210185,10.1385586 61.4742405,8.99311379 60.3812402,8.19578022 C59.2877954,7.39889109 57.745795,7.00000208 55.7552388,7.00000208 L55.7552388,7.00000208 Z M15.7552269,7.00000208 L9.00000268,7.00000208 L9.00000268,25.0000021 L16.1713381,25.0000021 C17.5908941,25.0000021 18.8062278,24.7903407 19.8182281,24.3706739 C20.8296729,23.9513405 21.6087842,23.3553403 22.1555621,22.5832289 C22.7021179,21.8114509 22.9755624,20.8882284 22.9755624,19.8140059 C22.9755624,18.7232278 22.6941179,17.7960053 22.1311177,17.0321162 C21.5682286,16.2686715 20.7563395,15.7104491 19.6957836,15.3580046 C20.4625616,14.9891156 21.0418952,14.4894488 21.4335619,13.8601152 C21.8252287,13.2307817 22.0210066,12.4881148 22.0210066,11.6321146 C22.0210066,10.1385586 21.4741175,8.99311379 20.3811172,8.19578022 C19.2877835,7.39889109 17.7457831,7.00000208 15.7552269,7.00000208 L15.7552269,7.00000208 Z M55.8775833,17.2209385 C58.1128062,17.2209385 59.2308065,18.0434943 59.2308065,19.6881614 C59.2308065,20.4602728 58.9369175,21.0518285 58.3496951,21.4629397 C57.7622505,21.8743843 56.9216947,22.0797177 55.8286944,22.0797177 L55.8286944,22.0797177 L52.6469157,22.0797177 L52.6469157,17.2209385 Z M15.8775714,17.2209385 C18.1129054,17.2209385 19.2307946,18.0434943 19.2307946,19.6881614 C19.2307946,20.4602728 18.9370167,21.0518285 18.3496832,21.4629397 C17.7622386,21.8743843 16.9216828,22.0797177 15.8286825,22.0797177 L15.8286825,22.0797177 L12.6469038,22.0797177 L12.6469038,17.2209385 Z M55.412572,9.92028073 C57.3541282,9.92028073 58.3252396,10.6338365 58.3252396,12.0600591 C58.3252396,12.7988371 58.0763506,13.373504 57.5786838,13.7846152 C57.0807948,14.1960598 56.3587946,14.4013932 55.412572,14.4013932 L55.412572,14.4013932 L52.6469046,14.4013932 L52.6469046,9.92028073 Z M15.4125601,9.92028073 C17.3541163,9.92028073 18.3252277,10.6338365 18.3252277,12.0600591 C18.3252277,12.7988371 18.0762276,13.373504 17.5786719,13.7846152 C17.0807829,14.1960598 16.3587826,14.4013932 15.4125601,14.4013932 L15.4125601,14.4013932 L12.6468927,14.4013932 L12.6468927,9.92028073 Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-7 kMdlAO\"><\/div><\/div><\/header><nav data-testid=\"level1-navigation-container\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-9 hBTemC\"><section class=\"sc-f116bf72-0 hkTqj\"><nav class=\"sc-f116bf72-1 xECcw\"><ul class=\"sc-f116bf72-2 bXpjTY\"><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Home<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">News<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/sport\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Sport<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/business\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Business<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/innovation\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Innovation<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/culture\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Culture<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/arts\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Arts<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/travel\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Travel<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Earth<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 kkeorx\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/audio\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Audio<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/video\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Video<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/live\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Live<\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/section><\/nav><noscript><details class=\"sc-c8fbcff-0 jLNykE\"><summary class=\"sc-c8fbcff-2 glQTWZ\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" category=\"actions\" icon=\"list-view-text\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M1 7.5h30V1.9H1v5.6zm0 22.6h30v-5.6H1v5.6zm0-11.3h30v-5.6H1v5.6z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/summary><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 kPEgTc\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/home\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Home<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">News<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/topics\/c2vdnvdg6xxt\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Israel-Gaza War<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/war-in-ukraine\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">War in Ukraine<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/us-canada\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">US & Canada<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/uk\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">UK<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/politics\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">UK Politics<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/england\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">England<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/northern_ireland\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">N. Ireland<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/northern_ireland\/northern_ireland_politics\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">N. Ireland Politics<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bLMSxz\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/scotland\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Scotland<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/scotland\/scotland_politics\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Scotland Politics<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bLMSxz\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/wales\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Wales<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/wales\/wales_politics\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Wales Politics<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bLMSxz\"><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/africa\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Africa<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/asia\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Asia<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/asia\/china\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">China<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/asia\/india\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">India<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/australia\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Australia<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/europe\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Europe<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/latin_america\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Latin America<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/middle_east\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Middle East<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/in_pictures\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">In Pictures<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/bbcindepth\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">BBC InDepth<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/bbcverify\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">BBC Verify<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/sport\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Sport<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/business\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Business<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/business\/executive-lounge\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Executive Lounge<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/business\/technology-of-business\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Technology of Business<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/business\/future-of-business\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Future of Business<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Innovation<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\/technology\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Technology<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\/science\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Science & Health<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\/artificial-intelligence\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Artificial Intelligence<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\/ai-v-the-mind\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">AI v the Mind<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Culture<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/film-tv\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Film & TV<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/music\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Music<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/art\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Art & Design<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/style\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Style<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/books\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Books<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/entertainment-news\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Entertainment News<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/arts\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Arts<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/arts\/arts-in-motion\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Arts in Motion<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Travel<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Destinations<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/africa\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Africa<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/antarctica\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Antarctica<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/asia\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Asia<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/australia-and-pacific\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Australia and Pacific<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/caribbean\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Caribbean & Bermuda<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/central-america\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Central America<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/europe\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Europe<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/middle-east\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Middle East<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/north-america\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">North America<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/south-america\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">South America<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/worlds-table\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">World\u2019s Table<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/cultural-experiences\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Culture & Experiences<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/adventures\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Adventures<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/specialist\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">The SpeciaList<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Earth<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/natural-wonders\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Natural Wonders<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/weather-science\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Weather & Science<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/solutions\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Climate Solutions<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/sustainable-business\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Sustainable Business<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/green-living\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Green Living<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/audio\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Audio<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/audio\/categories\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Podcasts<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/audio\/stations\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Radio<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/undefined\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Audio FAQs<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/video\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Video<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/live\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Live<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/live\/news\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Live News<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/live\/sport\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Live Sport<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/details><\/noscript><div data-testid=\"backdrop\" class=\"sc-3192fecd-0 irQldJ\"><\/div><div data-testid=\"drawer-background\" direction=\"left\" class=\"sc-bcd5a959-0 dCOsAv\"><div class=\"sc-c2aa8288-0 fAkitL\"><div class=\"sc-c2aa8288-6 ioPLtn\"><div data-testid=\"search-input-wrapper\" class=\"sc-e1a87ea7-0 emMBqr\"><input type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Search news, topics and more\" data-testid=\"search-input-field\" class=\"sc-e1a87ea7-1 clPMUF\" value=\"\"\/><button type=\"button\" data-testid=\"search-input-search-button\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-3 hsIsEs hCTSNW\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 beCbGD\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"actions\" icon=\"search\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"m30.6 28.1-8.3-8.3c1.5-2 2.4-4.4 2.4-7.2C24.7 6 19.6 1 13 1S1.4 6.1 1.4 12.7 6.5 24.3 13 24.3c2.3 0 4.4-.6 6.2-1.8l8.5 8.5 2.9-2.9zM4 12.6c0-5.2 3.9-9.1 9-9.1s9 3.9 9 9.1c0 5.2-3.9 9.1-9 9.1s-9-3.9-9-9.1z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-c2aa8288-7 xKITv\"><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/home\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/home\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Home<\/span><\/button><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/news\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/news\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">News<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/news\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/news\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/sport\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/sport\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/sport\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Sport<\/span><\/button><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/business\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/business\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Business<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/business\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/business\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/innovation\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/innovation\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Innovation<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/innovation\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/innovation\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/culture\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/culture\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Culture<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/culture\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/culture\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/arts\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/arts\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Arts<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/arts\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/arts\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/travel\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/travel\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Travel<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/travel\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/travel\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/future-planet\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/future-planet\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Earth<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/future-planet\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/future-planet\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/audio\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/audio\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Audio<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/audio\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/audio\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/video\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/video\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/video\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Video<\/span><\/button><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/live\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/live\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Live<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/live\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/live\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather\">Weather<\/span><\/button><\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/newsletters\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/newsletters\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/newsletters\">Newsletters<\/span><\/button><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><main id=\"main-content\"><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 bFAJrO\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-top\" id=\"dotcom-top\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><article><div data-component=\"headline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h1 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 itISwu\">The global challenge of iron deficiency \u2013 and why scientists can't agree if supplements are the answer<\/h1><\/div><div data-component=\"byline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><div data-testid=\"byline-new\" class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-0 haItSe\"><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-1 cjDa-dM\"><time dateTime=\"2025-03-13T10:00:00.000Z\" class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-2 jViTsK\">43 minutes ago<\/time><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-3 cFXrjb\"><button disabled=\"\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Share\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 oYtVL dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 dMpdqo\"><svg width=\"12\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 14\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" category=\"social\" icon=\"share\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M9.51768 8.96851C8.95518 8.96851 8.44393 9.19851 8.07227 9.57018L4.19727 7.36685C4.24893 7.18768 4.2856 7.00185 4.2856 6.80685C4.2856 6.61102 4.24977 6.42518 4.19893 6.2456L8.06143 4.04935C8.43393 4.42602 8.94977 4.66102 9.51768 4.66102C10.661 4.66102 11.5852 3.73643 11.5852 2.60893C11.5852 1.46518 10.661 0.541016 9.51768 0.541016C8.38977 0.541016 7.4656 1.46518 7.4656 2.60893C7.4656 2.78727 7.49602 2.95768 7.53935 3.12352L3.70727 5.37643C3.33143 4.98477 2.80477 4.73935 2.2181 4.73935C1.09018 4.73935 0.166016 5.6631 0.166016 6.80685C0.166016 7.93476 1.09018 8.85851 2.2181 8.85851C2.8006 8.85851 3.32435 8.61726 3.69977 8.23268L7.54602 10.4943C7.49893 10.6681 7.4656 10.8473 7.4656 11.036C7.4656 12.1639 8.38977 13.0881 9.51768 13.0881C10.661 13.0881 11.5852 12.1639 11.5852 11.036C11.5852 9.89268 10.661 8.96851 9.51768 8.96851\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span data-testid=\"button-text\" aria-hidden=\"false\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-1 eihkAj\">Share<\/span><\/button><button disabled=\"\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Save\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 iQJDhl cCYQUA kItbpD\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 dMpdqo\"><svg width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 14\" category=\"account\" icon=\"saved-items-outlined\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M5.99996 9.43351L9.46496 11.0741L9.46496 2.0125L2.53496 2.0125L2.53496 11.0741L5.99996 9.43351ZM0.959961 13.5625L0.959961 0.4375L11.04 0.4375L11.04 13.5625L5.99996 11.1761L0.959961 13.5625Z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span data-testid=\"button-text\" aria-hidden=\"false\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-1 eihkAj\">Save<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"byline-new-contributors\" class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-12 fcCDwR\"><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-5 evAEAB\"><div><span class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-7 kItaYD\">Amanda Ruggeri<\/span><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-8 bTSIhT\"><span><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-4 ffcVEa\"><button disabled=\"\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Share\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 oYtVL dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 dMpdqo\"><svg width=\"12\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 14\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" category=\"social\" icon=\"share\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M9.51768 8.96851C8.95518 8.96851 8.44393 9.19851 8.07227 9.57018L4.19727 7.36685C4.24893 7.18768 4.2856 7.00185 4.2856 6.80685C4.2856 6.61102 4.24977 6.42518 4.19893 6.2456L8.06143 4.04935C8.43393 4.42602 8.94977 4.66102 9.51768 4.66102C10.661 4.66102 11.5852 3.73643 11.5852 2.60893C11.5852 1.46518 10.661 0.541016 9.51768 0.541016C8.38977 0.541016 7.4656 1.46518 7.4656 2.60893C7.4656 2.78727 7.49602 2.95768 7.53935 3.12352L3.70727 5.37643C3.33143 4.98477 2.80477 4.73935 2.2181 4.73935C1.09018 4.73935 0.166016 5.6631 0.166016 6.80685C0.166016 7.93476 1.09018 8.85851 2.2181 8.85851C2.8006 8.85851 3.32435 8.61726 3.69977 8.23268L7.54602 10.4943C7.49893 10.6681 7.4656 10.8473 7.4656 11.036C7.4656 12.1639 8.38977 13.0881 9.51768 13.0881C10.661 13.0881 11.5852 12.1639 11.5852 11.036C11.5852 9.89268 10.661 8.96851 9.51768 8.96851\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span data-testid=\"button-text\" aria-hidden=\"false\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-1 eihkAj\">Share<\/span><\/button><button disabled=\"\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Save\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 iQJDhl cCYQUA kItbpD\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 dMpdqo\"><svg width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 14\" category=\"account\" icon=\"saved-items-outlined\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M5.99996 9.43351L9.46496 11.0741L9.46496 2.0125L2.53496 2.0125L2.53496 11.0741L5.99996 9.43351ZM0.959961 13.5625L0.959961 0.4375L11.04 0.4375L11.04 13.5625L5.99996 11.1761L0.959961 13.5625Z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span data-testid=\"button-text\" aria-hidden=\"false\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-1 eihkAj\">Save<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 ejjhCR\"><div data-testid=\"hero-image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160xn\/p0kxplym.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240xn\/p0kxplym.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320xn\/p0kxplym.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kxplym.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640xn\/p0kxplym.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800xn\/p0kxplym.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024xn\/p0kxplym.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376xn\/p0kxplym.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kxplym.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kxplym.jpg.webp\" loading=\"eager\" alt=\"Getty Images Red blood cells as seen under a microscope (Credit: Getty Images)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">(Credit: Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><b id=\"a-lack-of-this-vital-nutrient-is-one-of-the-world's-leading-causes-of-disability-\u2013-but-exactly-when-it-becomes-a-problem,-and-the-best-way-to-treat-it,-remains-unclear.\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">A lack of this vital nutrient is one of the world's leading causes of disability \u2013 but exactly when it becomes a problem, and the best way to treat it, remains unclear.<\/b><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">When Megan Ryan first noticed her fatigue, she assumed it was normal. After all, she was a single parent to a three-year-old.\u00a0She also worked full-time. Almost every day, when she picked her son up from daycare, she'd fall asleep with him during his afternoon nap. She didn't think much about it. "I just thought, 'Oh, this is motherhood'," says Ryan, who lives in upstate New York, US. At a routine medical check-up in June 2023, her doctor asked if she felt exhausted. Blood test results showed that Ryan had iron deficiency anaemia.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Looking back, there had been other signs. Despite regularly working out, Ryan had suddenly started to feel winded on routine hikes. She had also had iron deficiency before, during pregnancy. That time, her midwife suspected it after Ryan mentioned that her only pregnancy craving was ice \u2013 a classic sign of pica, which is, in turn, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10199804\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">a symptom of iron deficiency<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Iron deficiency is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/eclinm\/article\/PIIS2589-5370(22)00029-3\/fulltext\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">most common micronutrient deficiency<\/a> in the world today, affecting roughly two billion people. It is especially prevalent among children as well as women of reproductive age, including pregnant women.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">The condition can cause a wide range of consequences. When a pregnant woman doesn't have adequate iron stores, for example, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society\/article\/iron-deficiency-during-pregnancy-the-consequences-for-placental-function-and-fetal-outcome\/FECFF2CEC3CFD96AB0515197B13651A6\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">it can affect the foetus' brain development<\/a> and there is also a higher risk of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190222092727id_\/http:\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/36b8\/2a35ec215bdb885c22c7486d6ca8928f0724.pdf\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">low birth weight, preterm birth<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29076149\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">dying during pregnancy and stillbirth<\/a>. For babies and toddlers, not having enough iron <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17413089\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">can affect long-term development<\/a>, with studies finding that <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article\/69\/suppl_1\/S43\/1815399\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">children are at risk<\/a>\u00a0of exhibiting behavioural issues \u2013 they are less happy and contented, and tend to be more socially inhibited. It can also influence children's motor skills, and cognitive ability even years after a deficiency has been corrected. In adults, iron deficiency is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0140673607612355\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">one of the world's leading causes of disability<\/a>. In rare cases, it can be <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34909345\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">life-threatening<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_1\" id=\"dotcom-mid_1\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\"><span id=\"a-widespread-issue\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kPypaC\"><b id=\"a-widespread-issue\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">A widespread issue<\/b><\/span><\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"It's a major global problem," says Michael Zimmermann, professor\u00a0of human nutrition at the University of Oxford in the UK and a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Zimmermann%20MB%5BAuthor%5D\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">long-time researcher<\/a> of micronutrient deficiencies. "It's very common. It's not going away very fast. And it is associated with a lot of disability."<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Most scientists agree that iron deficiency is a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/eclinm\/article\/PIIS2589-5370(22)00029-3\/fulltext\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">common condition<\/a>. But other questions persist, such as how exactly to define iron deficiency, or how likely it is, in the absence of other symptoms, to raise the risk of poor health outcomes. So, when should, and shouldn't, someone supplement their iron?\u00a0<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">What isn't disputed is that some groups are more susceptible to iron deficiency than others.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"quote-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><div class=\"sc-9967660-0 WkJHg\"><div class=\"sc-9967660-1 dBFvZy\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"personalisation\" icon=\"quote\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M9.83967 17.2131C9.205 17.2131 8.62967 17.3124 8.07567 17.5058C8.63767 13.3384 10.9143 10.0091 14.7517 6.88708H10.0903C6.281 10.2704 4.00033 14.6318 4.00033 20.0451C4.00033 24.4311 6.35567 26.9371 9.78967 26.9371C13.0223 26.9371 14.9023 24.5564 14.9023 21.9751C14.9023 19.2184 12.7217 17.2131 9.83967 17.2131Z\"><\/path><path d=\"M22.2957 17.2131C21.6611 17.2131 21.0864 17.3124 20.5317 17.5058C21.0931 13.3384 23.3704 10.0091 27.2077 6.88708H22.5464C18.7371 10.2704 16.4811 14.6318 16.4811 20.0451C16.4811 24.4311 18.8117 26.9371 22.2457 26.9371C25.4784 26.9371 27.3584 24.5564 27.3584 21.9751C27.3584 19.2184 25.1777 17.2131 22.2957 17.2131Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><span class=\"sc-9967660-2 kcfPbO\">When someone gets low on iron, their body begins to form red blood cells differently \u2013 Sant-Rayn Pasricha<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">In women, for example, iron-deficiency anaemia \u2013 where the body does not have enough iron to make sufficient red blood cells \u2013 is a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article\/133\/1\/30\/6613\/Iron-deficiency\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">leading cause of disability worldwide<\/a>. One study of first-time US blood donors found that <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/biolincc.nhlbi.nih.gov\/media\/studies\/rise\/Protocol.pdf\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">iron levels were low in 12% of women<\/a>, but in less than 3% of men, reflecting the impact made by regular blood loss through menstruation. Then there's the impact of pregnancy, which diverts nutrition to the foetus, meaning that women in this group are particularly at risk. One study found that <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29076149\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">46% of UK women<\/a> had anaemia at some point during pregnancy \u2013 though not all cases stemmed from iron deficiency.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_2\" id=\"dotcom-mid_2\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160xn\/p0kxpm9s.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240xn\/p0kxpm9s.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320xn\/p0kxpm9s.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kxpm9s.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640xn\/p0kxpm9s.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800xn\/p0kxpm9s.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024xn\/p0kxpm9s.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376xn\/p0kxpm9s.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kxpm9s.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kxpm9s.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Getty Images Kidney beans are a rich source of dietary iron (Credit: Getty Images)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">Kidney beans are a rich source of dietary iron (Credit: Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1139\/apnm-2014-0147\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">Endurance athletics<\/a>, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/1559827616682933\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">vegetarianism or veganism<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03401.x\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">frequent blood donation<\/a> can all put both men and women at increased risk. People with certain health conditions might also be prone to lower iron levels. Kidney disease and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.3109\/00365529509093254\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">coeliac<\/a> disease can decrease iron absorption, for example.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\"><span id=\"a-critical-time\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kPypaC\"><b id=\"a-critical-time\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">A critical time<\/b><\/span><\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">But children are among the most vulnerable group to iron deficiency because the mineral is so important for their development.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"What's the most rapid period of growth in our entire lifespan? Infancy," says Mark Corkins, chair of the Committee on Nutrition at the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). "You triple your birth weight by a year of age. You double your length." As our bodies grow, they need more blood. And red blood cells are built \u2013 in part \u2013 on iron. Without that necessary iron, says Corkins, you risk not able to produce enough red blood cells to deliver oxygen to your growing tissues, including the brain.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Iron deficiency is especially common in children from lower income countries. "In studies I've done in Africa, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28774885\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">70% of babies between six and 12 months of age have clear iron-deficiency anaemia<\/a>," says Zimmermann.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_3\" id=\"dotcom-mid_3\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Even in wealthier countries, which have better overall nutrition and which are more likely to fortify certain food products with iron, this deficiency persists. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/5\/1040\/65343\/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">Up to 4% of toddlers in the US, for example, have iron-deficiency anaemia<\/a>, while some 15% have iron deficiency.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"callout-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eLrdPC\"><section class=\"sc-e11d1f0-0 eVThlc\"><div class=\"sc-e11d1f0-1 kDQByp\"><p class=\"sc-e11d1f0-3 fBWdkT\">Iron deficiency, iron-deficiency anaemia, and anaemia<\/p><div class=\"sc-e11d1f0-2 ewSByo\"><div class=\"sc-e11d1f0-4 gxuhBx\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Anaemia occurs when someone is not producing enough normal red blood cells or haemoglobin, the substance that carries oxygen around in your blood. While this can be due to various factors, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(07)61235-5\/fulltext\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">around half of all anaemia cases<\/a> are caused by iron deficiency. Adults with this condition, iron-deficiency anaemia, might experience weakness, extreme fatigue, or shortness of breath, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/iron-deficiency-anemia\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20355034\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">among other symptoms<\/a>. Symptoms in babies and small children are similar, though they might also have sleep issues \u2013 particularly <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3632071\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">frequent night wakes, restlessness during sleep,<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3632071\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">difficulty falling asleep<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Just because someone is <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/5\/1040\/65343\/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">iron deficient<\/a> does not necessarily mean they will have anaemia. "Iron deficiency can be considered a stage prior to anaemia," says clinical haemotologist Sant-Rayn Pasricha, the head of the Melbourne School of Population and Global Health who specialises in iron deficiency and related conditions.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">The severity of the deficiency plays a key role, Pasricha explains. When someone gets low on iron, their body begins to form red blood cells differently, he says. They get smaller and, eventually, the amount of oxygen-carrying haemoglobin in that person's blood drops below a healthy level. "That's when we reach iron deficiency anaemia," Pasricha says.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Iron deficiency and anaemia are generally diagnosed with a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/iron-deficiency-anemia\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20355040\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">blood test<\/a> \u2013 usually one that examines levels of ferritin, a protein that helps store iron, or <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK259\/#:~:text=Definition,deciliter%20(g%2Fdl).\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">haemoglobin<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_4\" id=\"dotcom-mid_4\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\"><span id=\"a-matter-of-debate\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kPypaC\"><b id=\"a-matter-of-debate\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">A matter of debate<\/b><\/span><\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Some specialists question whether iron deficiency is always a cause for concern \u2013 especially if it arises in the absence of any physical symptoms and if the patient does not have anaemia.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Pasricha co-authored <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(20)32594-0\/fulltext\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">a review to help inform the World Health Organization's guidelines<\/a> on iron supplementation in women. In that research, he found something interesting.\u00a0<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">While those women in clinical trials who were iron deficient and reported feeling fatigued found that their fatigue improved upon taking iron supplements, the intervention didn't change the energy levels of women who were also iron deficient, but who had not reported fatigue.\u00a0<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"This hints to us that, at least in adults, if you're clinically unwell with an iron deficiency, then of course you should be treated and that will improve how you feel," Pasricha says. "But it also suggests that, if you're feeling perfectly fine, and someone just finds that you have a low iron level \u2013 then it's hard to be sure that that treating you then would boost you to feel any different."<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Overall, iron deficiency in the absence of anaemia has been studied less than iron-deficiency anaemia. But there are some broad conclusions we can make, researchers say.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_5\" id=\"dotcom-mid_5\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"The consensus is that iron-deficiency anaemia is certainly worse," says Zimmermann. "But iron deficiency is also associated with impairment."<\/p><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160xn\/p0kxpmfn.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240xn\/p0kxpmfn.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320xn\/p0kxpmfn.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kxpmfn.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640xn\/p0kxpmfn.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800xn\/p0kxpmfn.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024xn\/p0kxpmfn.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376xn\/p0kxpmfn.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kxpmfn.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kxpmfn.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Getty Images Endurance athletes are more likely to have an iron deficiency (Credit: Getty Images)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">Endurance athletes are more likely to have an iron deficiency (Credit: Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">According to some studies, the effects of iron-deficiency anaemia \u2013 particularly in children \u2013 can be long-lasting. "It's not just about [poor health outcomes] \u2013 it is that you didn't maximise your development," Corkins says.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">One review, for example, found a <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17413089\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">"consistent association" between children with iron-deficiency anaemia having poorer cognitive performance<\/a> compared to controls. However, the researchers note, perhaps it's not iron-deficiency anaemia that's the problem. It could be the effect of anaemia in general, which depresses energy levels. The researchers also say in their review that it is hard to rule out the influence of socioeconomic factors on children\u2019s behaviour and cognition.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">This complexity lies at the heart of all nutrition research: is it the absence of a nutrient itself that's the problem, or is that deficiency a sign of something else going on?<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_6\" id=\"dotcom-mid_6\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">To complicate matters further, the criteria for defining iron deficiency in children is still up for debate, says Zimmermann. Because children are growing so fast, he adds, iron deficiency normally quickly leads to anaemia \u2013 which means it's not easy to find, and study, iron-deficient children who are not anaemic.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\"><span id=\"to-supplement-or-not-to-supplement\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kPypaC\"><b id=\"to-supplement-or-not-to-supplement\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">To supplement or not to supplement<\/b><\/span><\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Given that, and the potential consequences for their development, guidelines often advise supplementing children with iron at any sign of deficiency \u2013 or even to supplement as a prevention measure.\u00a0<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">In the US, for example, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that babies who are exclusively breastfed <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/5\/1040\/65343\/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and?autologincheck=redirected\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">receive iron drops from four months old<\/a>, for example. This is because <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(07)61235-5\/fulltext\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">breastmilk has low levels of iron<\/a>, while formula milk is usually fortified.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">But some researchers question this approach.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Pasricha was involved in the largest trial to date that has examined the effect of supplementation on child development, he says. The study, of 3,300 eight-month-old babies in Bangladesh, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2034187\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">randomised children into groups that received either daily iron supplementation for three months, or a placebo<\/a>. He and colleagues measured the children's neurodevelopment before and after the supplementation. "We did not see any evidence of a functional benefit," he says, although they also saw no harm either way.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_7\" id=\"dotcom-mid_7\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"We did see that haemoglobin and iron status did improve in the children that received iron \u2013 but we didn't see that affect child development," says Pasricha. The "why", he says, "is something that the team is really grappling with".<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Other research has yielded similar findings. For example, in one study, even after infants with iron-deficiency anaemia received supplementation that corrected their anaemia, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1389945710002182?via%3Dihub\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">they continued to show more restless sleep patterns than their cohorts<\/a> \u2013 sometimes even years later.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">One possible reason might be that even a brief period of deficiency can lead to long-lasting harm. One study, for example, found that <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37143078\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">when children had had iron deficiency at birth<\/a>, they had less activation in the regions of their brain related to cognitive control at eight to 11 years old \u2013 even if their iron levels had been corrected.\u00a0<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">But another possibility, Pasricha says, is that it isn't the low iron itself that causes poorer development, but that low iron is an indicator of something else \u2013 such as other nutrients in a person's diet that are missing.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Meanwhile, there could also be downsides to supplementing children who don't actually have a deficiency. Some studies have found that babies and toddlers who had adequate iron levels, but received supplementation, had <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0140673694921512\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">poorer weight gain<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12729289\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">less growth<\/a> compared to controls. Randomised controlled trials have found that babies randomly assigned to high-iron formula milk scored more poorly on cognitive tests of abilities like visual memory, reading comprehension and mathematics at both <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22064877\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">10 years old<\/a> and <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31253407\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">16 years old<\/a>, compared to those on a low-iron formulation. However, exactly how much iron supplementation would avoid these effects remains unclear, the researchers say as other factors could also be involved.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_8\" id=\"dotcom-mid_8\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Given results like this, however, some experts have <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/5\/1040\/65343\/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and?autologincheck=redirected\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">criticised US guidelines<\/a> to supplement all breastfed infants.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Supplements can also have other side effects. Zimmermann, for example, has studied <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/content\/64\/5\/731.short\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">how supplementation can affect people's microbiome<\/a>. Bacteria thrive on iron, he says. The very small amount of iron that breastmilk has is bound to protective substances like lactoferrin, which helps to keep iron away from potential pathogens in the gut \u2013 especially protective for babies, who have immature immune systems. Giving a baby aged six months old micronutrient powders containing iron, which is what many experts recommend, could result in a negative outcome, says Zimmermann.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"These powders have very high amounts of iron in them\u2026 which can cause a very rapid shift in the microbiome," says Zimmermann. The babies can't absorb all that iron, which ends up impacting their gut microbiome \u2013 potentially towards a balance favouring "the pathogens we worry most about in babies", he says. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/content\/64\/5\/731.short\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">This includes <i id=\"e.-coli\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">E. coli<\/i><\/a>, which grows prolifically in the presence of iron.<\/p><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160xn\/p0kxpnwk.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240xn\/p0kxpnwk.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320xn\/p0kxpnwk.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kxpnwk.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640xn\/p0kxpnwk.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800xn\/p0kxpnwk.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024xn\/p0kxpnwk.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376xn\/p0kxpnwk.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kxpnwk.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kxpnwk.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Getty Images If an iron deficiency is making an adult feel unwell, iron supplements can help \u2013 but the story is less straightforward in children (Credit: Getty Images)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">If an iron deficiency is making an adult feel unwell, iron supplements can help \u2013 but the story is less straightforward in children (Credit: Getty Images)<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Many clinicians and researchers agree, however, that when someone has iron deficiency or iron-deficiency anaemia along with symptoms, supplementing can be one of the fastest ways to help them improve. One review of <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/content\/49\/21\/1389.short\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">iron deficiency in endurance athletes<\/a>, for example, found that supplementation not only improved ferritin and haemoglobin, but athletes' aerobic capacity, too.\u00a0<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_9\" id=\"dotcom-mid_9\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Whether to take supplements \u2013 or give them to a child \u2013 is something that people should decide with the help of a doctor, experts say.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\"><span id=\"a-balanced-diet\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kPypaC\"><b id=\"a-balanced-diet\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">A balanced diet<\/b><\/span><\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">But in an ideal world, people would get sufficient iron <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/vitamins-and-minerals\/iron\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">by eating a balanced diet that includes iron-rich foods<\/a>, and avoid developing a deficiency in the first place \u2013 though this is not always possible. Ingredients such as <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/vitamins-and-minerals\/iron\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">liver or red meat, pulses, including kidney and edamame beans and chickpeas, as well as nuts and dried fruits<\/a> are all considered good sources of iron.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/5\/1040\/65343\/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and?autologincheck=redirected\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends<\/a> that infants aged six to 12 months need 11 mg of iron per day. For toddlers, they recommend 7 mg, and for four- to eight-year-olds, 10 mg.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Part of the higher recommendation for younger babies is because of their rapid development, experts say. But it's also because there is an assumption being made that most infants' first solids will be foods like iron-fortified cereals, as well as fruits and vegetables \u2013 non-heme sources of iron, <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/nutritionsource\/iron\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">which the body absorbs less readily<\/a> than heme sources, which are animal-derived, like meat, fish and eggs.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"Diet is the best approach. Your body tends to take it up better. Your body tends to use it better," Corkins says. "Now, if someone is profoundly anaemic, and you're trying to get them fixed faster \u2013 then you do supplementation."<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_10\" id=\"dotcom-mid_10\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">As for Ryan, she was able to correct her iron deficiency both times it happened: in pregnancy, with a supplement, and in 2023, with iron infusions, administered at her hospital, every two weeks for five months. "It wasn't a quick fix," she says. With time, however, she noticed her fatigue fade.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><b id=\"disclaimer\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\"><i id=\"disclaimer\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">Disclaimer<\/i><\/b><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><i id=\"all-content-within-this-column-is-provided-for-general-information-only,-and-should-not-be-treated-as-a-substitute-for-the-medical-advice-of-a-doctor-or-any-other-health-care-professional.-the-bbc-is-not-responsible-or-liable-for-any-diagnosis-made-by-a-user-based-on-the-content-of-this-site.-the-bbc-is-not-liable-for-the-contents-of-any-external-internet-sites-listed,-nor-does-it-endorse-any-commercial-product-or-service-mentioned-or-advised-on-any-of-the-sites.-always-consult-your-own-gp-if-you're-in-any-way-concerned-about-your-health.\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\"> All content within this column is provided for general information only, and should not be treated as a substitute for the medical advice of a doctor or any other health care professional. The BBC is not responsible or liable for any diagnosis made by a user based on the content of this site. The BBC is not liable for the contents of any external internet sites listed, nor does it endorse any commercial product or service mentioned or advised on any of the sites. Always consult your own GP if you're in any way concerned about your health.<\/i><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">--<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><i id=\"for-trusted-insights-into-better-health-and-wellbeing-rooted-in-science,-sign-up-to-the\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">For\u00a0trusted insights into better health and wellbeing rooted in science, sign up to the\u00a0<\/i><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/cloud.email.bbc.com\/HealthFix_Newsletter_Signup?&at_bbc_team=studios&at_medium=emails&at_objective=acquisition&at_ptr_type=&at_ptr_name=bbc.com&at_format=Module&at_link_origin=featurescallout&at_campaign=healthfix&at_campaign_type=owned\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><b id=\"health-fix-newsletter\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\"><i id=\"health-fix-newsletter\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">Health Fix newsletter<\/i><\/b><\/a><i id=\",-while\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">,\u00a0while\u00a0<\/i><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/cloud.email.bbc.com\/SignUp10_08?&at_bbc_team=studios&at_medium=Onsite&at_objective=acquisition&at_ptr_name=bbc.com&at_link_origin=featuresarticle&at_campaign=essentiallist&at_campaign_type=owned\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><b id=\"the-essential-list\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\"><i id=\"the-essential-list\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">The Essential List<\/i><\/b><\/a><b id=\"\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\"><i id=\"\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">\u00a0<\/i><\/b><i id=\"delivers-a-handpicked-selection-of-features-and-insights.\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">delivers a handpicked selection of features and insights.<\/i>\u00a0<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><i id=\"for-more-science,-technology,-environment-and-health-stories-from-the-bbc,-follow-us-on\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">For more science, technology, environment and health stories from the BBC, follow us on\u00a0<\/i><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/BBCFuture\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><b id=\"facebook\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\"><i id=\"facebook\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">Facebook<\/i><\/b><\/a><i id=\",\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">,\u00a0<\/i><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/BBC_Future\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><b id=\"x\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\"><i id=\"x\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">X<\/i><\/b><\/a><i id=\"and\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">\u00a0and\u00a0<\/i><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/bbcfuture_official\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><b id=\"instagram\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\"><i id=\"instagram\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">Instagram<\/i><\/b><\/a><b id=\".\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\"><i id=\".\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">.<\/i><\/b><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"tags\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jVHuOl\"><div class=\"sc-4b0aaa-0 dGavUm\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/tags\/health\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Health<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/tags\/humanbody\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Human body<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/tags\/chemistry\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Chemistry<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/tags\/biology\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Biology<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/tags\/science\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Science<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/tags\/features\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Features<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><aside data-testid=\"texas-section-outer\" data-analytics-group=\"true\" data-analytics_group_type=\"texas-20\" data-analytics_group_position=\"1\" data-analytics_group_item_count=\"20\" data-analytics_group_name=\"Watch\" class=\"sc-227eb15e-1 bPQaRs\"><div data-testid=\"texas-section\" class=\"sc-227eb15e-2 harZpM\"><div class=\"sc-2be11b79-2 koMJJi\"><div class=\"sc-2be11b79-1 ePwOJX\"><hr data-testid=\"texas-line\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-0 laRYIo\"\/><\/div><div data-testid=\"section-title-wrapper\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-3 iflVUS\"><div><span data-testid=\"texas-title\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-4 laLKDk\">Watch<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"texas-grid\" class=\"sc-8a8cf983-0 iYKspt\"><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-1 gaQDrT\"><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0kqkmz3\/theory-of-evolution-how-did-charles-darwin-come-up-with-it-\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kqp90m.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kqp90m.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kqp90m.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kqp90m.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kqp90m.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kqp90m.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kqp90m.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kqp90m.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kqp90m.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kqp90m.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Theory of Evolution: How did Charles Darwin come up with it?\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Theory of Evolution: How did Charles Darwin come up with it?<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">The British naturalist embarked on an extraordinary journey, did hundreds of experiments, and wrote for 20 years.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">12 Feb 2025<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0kl5x08\/the-power-of-hugs-for-reducing-inflammation-in-the-body\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kl622m.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kl622m.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kl622m.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kl622m.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kl622m.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kl622m.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kl622m.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kl622m.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kl622m.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kl622m.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"The surprising health benefit of hugs\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">The power of hugs for reducing inflammation in the body<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Dr. Lisa Dahlgren discusses the effect human touch has on our health and wellbeing.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">21 Jan 2025<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Health<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0kftjyg\/homo-juluensis-possible-new-ancient-human-identified\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kgwsjn.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kgwsjn.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kgwsjn.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kgwsjn.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kgwsjn.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kgwsjn.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kgwsjn.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kgwsjn.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kgwsjn.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kgwsjn.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"'Homo juluensis': Possible new ancient human identified\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Homo juluensis: Possible 'new ancient human' identified<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Researchers may have identified a new human species that lived around 300,000 years ago in Asia.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">6 Jan 2025<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0jt8x5z\/earth-tides-why-our-planet-s-crust-has-tides-too\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0jt9gtk.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0jt9gtk.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0jt9gtk.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0jt9gtk.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0jt9gtk.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0jt9gtk.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0jt9gtk.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0jt9gtk.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0jt9gtk.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0jt9gtk.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Why our planet's crust has tides too\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Earth tides: Why our planet's crust has tides too<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">How do they differ from the ocean? A geophysicist breaks it down for us.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">28 Sep 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Weather & science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0jlbpl3\/new-nasa-sonifications-listen-to-the-sound-of-the-universe\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0jp0p4j.png.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0jp0p4j.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0jp0p4j.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0jp0p4j.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0jp0p4j.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0jp0p4j.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0jp0p4j.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0jp0p4j.png.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0jp0p4j.png.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0jp0p4j.png.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Screenshot 2024 08 22 at 8 51 13 PM\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">New Nasa sonifications: Listen to the sound of the Universe<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Nasa has released new 'sonifications' of the Universe on the 25th anniversary of Chandra, its X-ray Observatory.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">9 Sep 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Space<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0jnbll0\/uncovering-the-sunken-relics-of-an-ancient-city\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0jnbpvk.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Uncovering the sunken relics of an ancient city\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Uncovering the sunken relics of an ancient city<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Bettany Hughes goes underwater in search of ancient archaeological finds in historic Sozopol, Bulgaria.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">4 Sep 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Archaeology<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0jkkyc6\/in-australia-sea-lions-help-researchers-map-the-ocean-floor\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0jklf59.png.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0jklf59.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0jklf59.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0jklf59.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0jklf59.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0jklf59.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0jklf59.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0jklf59.png.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0jklf59.png.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0jklf59.png.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Screenshot 2024 08 20 at 2 00 51 PM min\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">In Australia, sea lions help researchers map the ocean floor<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Researchers in Australia put cameras on sea lions' backs to help them map the elusive ocean floor.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">21 Aug 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Earth<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0jgsff2\/the-scientists-drilling-into-an-active-icelandic-volcano\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0jhk026.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0jhk026.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"The scientists drilling into an anctive Icelandic volcano\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">The scientists drilling into an active Icelandic volcano<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Scientists are preparing to drill into the rock of an Icelandic volcano to learn more about how volcanoes behave.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">17 Aug 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Climate solutions<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0j83nwv\/why-we-may-have-misunderstood-the-universe\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0j882d0.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0j882d0.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0j882d0.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0j882d0.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0j882d0.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0j882d0.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0j882d0.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0j882d0.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0j882d0.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0j882d0.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Why we may have misunderstood the Universe\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Why we may have misunderstood the Universe<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Research by a Nobel Prize winning astrophysicist suggests we have been wrong about the expansion of our Universe.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">4 Jul 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0gh5dgd\/how-flickering-lights-can-help-you-learn-better\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0gh6xp8.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0gh6xp8.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0gh6xp8.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0gh6xp8.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0gh6xp8.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0gh6xp8.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0gh6xp8.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0gh6xp8.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0gh6xp8.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0gh6xp8.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"How to boost your ability to learn\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">How flickering lights can help you learn better<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">The stunning new science of how lights flickering in tune to our brain rhythms can improve how quickly we learn.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">8 Nov 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0gn8kps\/the-butterfly-effect-what-is-chaos-theory-\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0gn8nnn.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0gn8nnn.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0gn8nnn.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0gn8nnn.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0gn8nnn.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0gn8nnn.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0gn8nnn.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0gn8nnn.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0gn8nnn.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0gn8nnn.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"What is chaos theory?\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">The butterfly effect: What is chaos theory?<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">The world was explained through the laws of physics until a meteorologist saw the pattern of chaos.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">23 Oct 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0gf55h4\/scientists-create-world-s-first-synthetic-embryos\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0gf57b5.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0gf57b5.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0gf57b5.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0gf57b5.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0gf57b5.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0gf57b5.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0gf57b5.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0gf57b5.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0gf57b5.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0gf57b5.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"The world's first 'synthetic' embryos\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Scientists create world's first 'synthetic' embryos<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Researchers in Israel have created 'synthetic' embryos without using a sperm or egg.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">17 Sep 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0fxn135\/why-can-t-i-remember-people-s-faces-\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0gbyckf.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0gbyckf.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0gbyckf.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0gbyckf.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0gbyckf.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0gbyckf.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0gbyckf.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0gbyckf.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0gbyckf.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0gbyckf.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Why can\u2019t I remember people\u2019s faces?\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Why can\u2019t I remember people\u2019s faces?<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Prosopagnosia, or face blindness, is a brain disorder that affects the ability to recognise people.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">6 Sep 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0g9hhcg\/four-ways-to-understand-the-multiverse\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0g9hzs2.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0g9hzs2.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0g9hzs2.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g9hzs2.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0g9hzs2.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0g9hzs2.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0g9hzs2.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0g9hzs2.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0g9hzs2.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g9hzs2.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"The multiverse explained...in four ways\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Four ways to understand the multiverse<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Max Tobin and world-renowned physicist Max Tegmark guide us through four ways to understand the multiverse.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">29 Aug 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0g7ch3b\/maui-s-grass-fire-cycle-explained\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0g7crg3.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0g7crg3.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0g7crg3.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g7crg3.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0g7crg3.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0g7crg3.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0g7crg3.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0g7crg3.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0g7crg3.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g7crg3.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Maui's grass-fire cycle explained\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Maui's grass-fire cycle explained<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Grasses that aren't native to Maui fueled the wildfires we see today. How did this happen?<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">17 Aug 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0g4fxxt\/ancient-worms-found-in-siberia-permafrost-come-back-to-life\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0g4fych.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0g4fych.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0g4fych.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g4fych.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0g4fych.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0g4fych.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0g4fych.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0g4fych.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0g4fych.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g4fych.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Ancient worms revived after 46,000 years\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Ancient worms found in Siberia permafrost come back to life<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Scientists have revived a pair of 46,000-year-old worms found deep in the Siberian permafrost.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">3 Aug 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0g4174s\/is-this-mysterious-animal-the-key-to-human-longevity-\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0g479zv.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0g479zv.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0g479zv.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g479zv.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0g479zv.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0g479zv.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0g479zv.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0g479zv.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0g479zv.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g479zv.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Is this mysterious animal the key to human longevity?\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Is this mysterious animal the key to human longevity?<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">The olm can live for 100 years.\u00a0Scientists want to decode its genome to unveil the secret to longevity.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">1 Aug 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0g2wfwh\/the-oppenheimer-dilemma-h-bomb-vs-a-bomb\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0g2wk28.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0g2wk28.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0g2wk28.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g2wk28.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0g2wk28.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0g2wk28.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0g2wk28.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0g2wk28.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0g2wk28.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g2wk28.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"The Oppenheimer dilemma: H-bomb vs A-bomb\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">The Oppenheimer dilemma: H-bomb vs A-bomb<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Oppenheimer, the father of the atomic bomb, was against hydrogen bombs. But what\u2019s the difference?<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">27 Jul 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0g22nf3\/the-enigmatic-blueprint-to-a-mirror-universe\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0g22ssz.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0g22ssz.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0g22ssz.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g22ssz.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0g22ssz.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0g22ssz.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0g22ssz.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0g22ssz.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0g22ssz.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0g22ssz.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"The enigmatic blueprint to a mirror universe\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">The enigmatic blueprint to a mirror Universe<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">The discovery of the substance that could unravel the whole mystery of existence.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">21 Jul 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0fvdy88\/the-poisonous-origin-of-life-on-earth\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0fvmj7t.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0fvmj7t.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0fvmj7t.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0fvmj7t.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0fvmj7t.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0fvmj7t.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0fvmj7t.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0fvmj7t.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0fvmj7t.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0fvmj7t.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Poison2\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">The poisonous origin of life on Earth<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Could proof of life on Mars reveal the poisonous origin of life on Earth?<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">21 Jun 2023<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Science<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/aside><aside data-testid=\"alaska-section-outer\" data-analytics-group=\"true\" data-analytics_group_type=\"alaska-5\" data-analytics_group_position=\"2\" data-analytics_group_item_count=\"5\" data-analytics_group_name=\"More\" class=\"sc-227eb15e-1 dYnBSI\"><div data-testid=\"alaska-section\" class=\"sc-227eb15e-2 harZpM\"><div class=\"sc-2be11b79-2 koMJJi\"><div class=\"sc-2be11b79-1 ePwOJX\"><hr data-testid=\"alaska-line\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-0 bHUvKO\"\/><\/div><div data-testid=\"section-title-wrapper\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-3 iflVUS\"><div><span data-testid=\"alaska-title\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-4 fAxgMO\">More<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-da05643e-0 kbaPPZ\"><div data-testid=\"alaska-grid\" class=\"sc-93223220-0 sc-da05643e-1 fiJvSm djXsFQ\"><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/travel\/article\/20250310-alberto-angela-an-italian-cultural-ambassadors-guide-to-rome\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">19 hrs ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kxc1sm.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kxc1sm.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kxc1sm.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kxc1sm.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kxc1sm.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kxc1sm.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kxc1sm.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kxc1sm.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kxc1sm.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kxc1sm.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Alberto Angela with the ruins on Palatine Hill behind him (Credit: Barbara Ledda)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">An Italian cultural ambassador's guide to Rome<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">Alberto Angela has made a career out of exploring his hometown. Here are his favourite spots to unearth Rome's millennia of secrets, from the Vatican Museums to Ostia Antica.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">19 hrs ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Travel<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/travel\/article\/20250307-the-art-curator-saving-the-worlds-rarest-fruit\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">22 hrs ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kwv3tl.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kwv3tl.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kwv3tl.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kwv3tl.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kwv3tl.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kwv3tl.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kwv3tl.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kwv3tl.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kwv3tl.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kwv3tl.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Vicente Todol\u00ed at Todol\u00ed Citrus (Credit: Lucy Lovell)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">The art curator saving the world's rarest fruit<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">Former Tate Modern director Vicente Todol\u00ed founded Todol\u00ed Citrus Fundaci\u00f3 to preserve rare citrus varieties and compile a catalogue of farming knowledge to inspire future generations.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">22 hrs ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Travel<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/culture\/article\/20250311-rembrandt-to-picasso-five-ways-to-spot-a-fake-masterpiece\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">24 hrs ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kxjxdc.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kxjxdc.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kxjxdc.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kxjxdc.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kxjxdc.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kxjxdc.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kxjxdc.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kxjxdc.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kxjxdc.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kxjxdc.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Portrait of Saint Jerome (Credit: Alamy)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">Five ways to spot a fake masterpiece<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">The recent discovery of an art forger's workshop reminds us of the long history of fraudulent artworks \u2013 here are the simple rules to work them out.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">24 hrs ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Culture<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/article\/20250311-the-women-fighting-indias-worm-poachers\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">1 day ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kxh314.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kxh314.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kxh314.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kxh314.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kxh314.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kxh314.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kxh314.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kxh314.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kxh314.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kxh314.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Flamingos stand in the waters of Pulicat Lake, India (Credit: Getty Images)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">The women tackling India's worm poachers<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">India's bristle worms are often overlooked. But they are crucial to the health of the country's wetlands \u2013 so local women are working to catch the poachers decimating their population.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">1 day ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Future<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_11\" id=\"dotcom-mid_11\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/article\/20250217-how-a-tiny-village-became-indias-youtube-capital\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">2 days ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 fKfpeF\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0ks109t.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0ks109t.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0ks109t.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0ks109t.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0ks109t.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0ks109t.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0ks109t.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0ks109t.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0ks109t.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0ks109t.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"A brightly coloured illustration of a woman's hands holding a smartphone, which shows a woman wearing a green, pink and yellow sari sat on a white chair surrounded by greenery on the screen (Credit: Estudio Santa Rita)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">How a tiny village became India's YouTube capital<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">In Tulsi, a village in central India, social media has sparked an economic and social revolution. It's a microcosm of YouTube's effect on the world.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">2 days ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Future<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/aside><div class=\"zephr_meter_beta\"><\/div><div class=\"zephr_story_beta\"><\/div><\/main><hr data-testid=\"main-footer-divider\" class=\"sc-c05885a3-2 eBEgvI\"\/><footer data-testid=\"main-footer\" class=\"sc-c05885a3-0 bbntGk\"><div class=\"sc-c05885a3-3 jqsEov\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 112 32\" category=\"logo\" icon=\"bbc\" style=\"height:30px\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 itfIsL\"><title>British Broadcasting Corporation<\/title><path d=\"M111.99999,4.44444577e-05 L111.99999,32.0000444 L79.9999905,32.0000444 L79.9999905,4.44444577e-05 L111.99999,4.44444577e-05 Z M72.0000119,-3.55271368e-15 L72.0000119,32 L40.0000119,32 L40.0000119,-3.55271368e-15 L72.0000119,-3.55271368e-15 Z M32,-3.55271368e-15 L32,32 L-1.13686838e-13,32 L-1.13686838e-13,-3.55271368e-15 L32,-3.55271368e-15 Z M97.469329,6.80826869 C96.0294397,6.80826869 94.7294393,7.02226876 93.5693278,7.44982444 C92.4089942,7.87782457 91.4137717,8.49471364 90.5841047,9.30049166 C89.7538823,10.1067141 89.1188821,11.07327 88.6785486,12.199937 C88.2378818,13.3269373 88.0177706,14.5896043 88.0177706,15.9876048 C88.0177706,17.4188274 88.2296596,18.7062722 88.6531042,19.8493837 C89.0763265,20.9929396 89.6861045,21.9591621 90.482438,22.748829 C91.2784383,23.5383848 92.2522163,24.1430516 93.4042167,24.5624962 C94.5558837,24.9819408 95.8516619,25.1917186 97.2914401,25.1917186 C98.3752182,25.1917186 99.4086629,25.072163 100.391219,24.8338296 C101.37333,24.5956073 102.237108,24.2706072 102.982664,23.8592738 L102.982664,23.8592738 L102.982664,20.4292727 C101.40733,21.4001619 99.6881074,21.8851621 97.8251069,21.8851621 C96.6054399,21.8851621 95.567884,21.6549398 94.7126615,21.194273 C93.8572168,20.7338284 93.2049944,20.0633837 92.7564387,19.1831613 C92.3073275,18.3032721 92.0831052,17.2380496 92.0831052,15.9876048 C92.0831052,14.7377155 92.3156608,13.6766041 92.7816609,12.8044927 C93.2474389,11.9327147 93.916328,11.2664922 94.7888838,10.8058254 C95.6609951,10.3453809 96.715551,10.1148252 97.9521069,10.1148252 C98.8496628,10.1148252 99.7052186,10.2342697 100.518108,10.4726031 C101.331219,10.7112699 102.084664,11.0609366 102.779442,11.5212701 L102.779442,11.5212701 L102.779442,8.01738016 C102.017219,7.62260227 101.191441,7.32260218 100.302219,7.11671323 C99.4129963,6.91126872 98.4685515,6.80826869 97.469329,6.80826869 Z M55.7552388,7.00000208 L49.0000146,7.00000208 L49.0000146,25.0000021 L56.1713501,25.0000021 C57.590906,25.0000021 58.8063508,24.7903407 59.8181289,24.3706739 C60.8297959,23.9513405 61.6087961,23.3553403 62.1555741,22.5832289 C62.7020187,21.8114509 62.9754632,20.8882284 62.9754632,19.8140059 C62.9754632,18.7232278 62.6941298,17.7960053 62.1312407,17.0321162 C61.5681294,16.2686715 60.7563514,15.7104491 59.6957955,15.3580046 C60.4625736,14.9891156 61.0420182,14.4894488 61.4335738,13.8601152 C61.8252406,13.2307817 62.0210185,12.4881148 62.0210185,11.6321146 C62.0210185,10.1385586 61.4742405,8.99311379 60.3812402,8.19578022 C59.2877954,7.39889109 57.745795,7.00000208 55.7552388,7.00000208 L55.7552388,7.00000208 Z M15.7552269,7.00000208 L9.00000268,7.00000208 L9.00000268,25.0000021 L16.1713381,25.0000021 C17.5908941,25.0000021 18.8062278,24.7903407 19.8182281,24.3706739 C20.8296729,23.9513405 21.6087842,23.3553403 22.1555621,22.5832289 C22.7021179,21.8114509 22.9755624,20.8882284 22.9755624,19.8140059 C22.9755624,18.7232278 22.6941179,17.7960053 22.1311177,17.0321162 C21.5682286,16.2686715 20.7563395,15.7104491 19.6957836,15.3580046 C20.4625616,14.9891156 21.0418952,14.4894488 21.4335619,13.8601152 C21.8252287,13.2307817 22.0210066,12.4881148 22.0210066,11.6321146 C22.0210066,10.1385586 21.4741175,8.99311379 20.3811172,8.19578022 C19.2877835,7.39889109 17.7457831,7.00000208 15.7552269,7.00000208 L15.7552269,7.00000208 Z M55.8775833,17.2209385 C58.1128062,17.2209385 59.2308065,18.0434943 59.2308065,19.6881614 C59.2308065,20.4602728 58.9369175,21.0518285 58.3496951,21.4629397 C57.7622505,21.8743843 56.9216947,22.0797177 55.8286944,22.0797177 L55.8286944,22.0797177 L52.6469157,22.0797177 L52.6469157,17.2209385 Z M15.8775714,17.2209385 C18.1129054,17.2209385 19.2307946,18.0434943 19.2307946,19.6881614 C19.2307946,20.4602728 18.9370167,21.0518285 18.3496832,21.4629397 C17.7622386,21.8743843 16.9216828,22.0797177 15.8286825,22.0797177 L15.8286825,22.0797177 L12.6469038,22.0797177 L12.6469038,17.2209385 Z M55.412572,9.92028073 C57.3541282,9.92028073 58.3252396,10.6338365 58.3252396,12.0600591 C58.3252396,12.7988371 58.0763506,13.373504 57.5786838,13.7846152 C57.0807948,14.1960598 56.3587946,14.4013932 55.412572,14.4013932 L55.412572,14.4013932 L52.6469046,14.4013932 L52.6469046,9.92028073 Z M15.4125601,9.92028073 C17.3541163,9.92028073 18.3252277,10.6338365 18.3252277,12.0600591 C18.3252277,12.7988371 18.0762276,13.373504 17.5786719,13.7846152 C17.0807829,14.1960598 16.3587826,14.4013932 15.4125601,14.4013932 L15.4125601,14.4013932 L12.6468927,14.4013932 L12.6468927,9.92028073 Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><section class=\"sc-19b1eb93-0 hYxbtM\"><nav role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Footer navigation\"><ul class=\"sc-19b1eb93-1 fwyFkM\"><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Home<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">News<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/sport\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Sport<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/business\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Business<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/innovation\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Innovation<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/culture\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Culture<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/arts\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Arts<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/travel\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Travel<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Earth<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/audio\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Audio<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/video\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Video<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/live\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Live<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">Weather<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"contentlink-li\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/shop.bbc.com\/\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-19b1eb93-2 bqtBci\">BBC Shop<\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/section><section class=\"sc-b310c64c-0 cUeFDY\"><div class=\"sc-b310c64c-1 gyQHkZ\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"sc-b310c64c-2 cJfGSm\">BBC in other languages<div class=\"sc-b310c64c-3 iqAXuG\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"arrow-down\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M26.7 12.6 16 23.2 5.3 12.6V8.8h21.4v3.8z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/section><div data-testid=\"social-follow-us-container\" class=\"sc-97754ce7-0 iNEkxQ\"><h2 class=\"sc-97754ce7-1 friRUH\">Follow BBC on:<\/h2><div data-testid=\"social-follow-us-icon-buttons\" class=\"sc-97754ce7-2 gRRybj\"><div aria-label=\"Follow BBC on x\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-selected=\"false\" class=\"sc-97754ce7-5 hmVYPm\"><button type=\"button\" data-testid=\"social-button-x\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 dhvNxi dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 IaJUO\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 14 14\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" category=\"social\" icon=\"x\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M8.3319 5.92804L13.5437 0H12.3087L7.78327 5.14724L4.16883 0H0L5.46574 7.78354L0 14H1.2351L6.01406 8.56434L9.83117 14H14L8.3316 5.92804H8.3319ZM6.64026 7.85211L6.08647 7.07705L1.68013 0.909776H3.57717L7.13314 5.88696L7.68693 6.66202L12.3093 13.1316H10.4122L6.64026 7.85241V7.85211Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/button><\/div><div aria-label=\"Follow BBC on facebook\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-selected=\"false\" class=\"sc-97754ce7-5 hmVYPm\"><button type=\"button\" data-testid=\"social-button-facebook\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 dhvNxi dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 IaJUO\"><svg width=\"9\" height=\"16\" viewBox=\"0 0 9 16\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" category=\"social\" icon=\"facebook\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M6.80799 2.65602H8.31199V0.112024C7.58379 0.0363015 6.85211 -0.00108342 6.11999 2.38913e-05C3.94399 2.38913e-05 2.456 1.32802 2.456 3.76002V5.85601H0V8.70401H2.456V16H5.39999V8.70401H7.84799L8.21599 5.85601H5.39999V4.04002C5.39999 3.20002 5.62399 2.65602 6.80799 2.65602Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/button><\/div><div aria-label=\"Follow BBC on instagram\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-selected=\"false\" class=\"sc-97754ce7-5 hmVYPm\"><button type=\"button\" data-testid=\"social-button-instagram\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 dhvNxi dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 IaJUO\"><svg width=\"18\" height=\"17\" viewBox=\"0 0 18 17\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" category=\"social\" icon=\"instagram\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M12.7227 0.189697H5.28726C4.13732 0.190927 3.03482 0.648288 2.22168 1.46143C1.40854 2.27456 0.951181 3.37706 0.949951 4.52701V11.9624C0.951181 13.1124 1.40854 14.2149 2.22168 15.028C3.03482 15.8411 4.13732 16.2985 5.28726 16.2997H12.7227C13.8726 16.2985 14.9751 15.8411 15.7882 15.028C16.6014 14.2149 17.0587 13.1124 17.06 11.9624V4.52701C17.0587 3.37706 16.6014 2.27456 15.7882 1.46143C14.9751 0.648288 13.8726 0.190927 12.7227 0.189697ZM9.00496 11.9624C8.26967 11.9624 7.55089 11.7444 6.93952 11.3359C6.32815 10.9274 5.85164 10.3467 5.57026 9.66741C5.28887 8.98809 5.21525 8.24058 5.3587 7.51942C5.50215 6.79826 5.85622 6.13583 6.37615 5.6159C6.89608 5.09597 7.55851 4.74189 8.27968 4.59845C9.00084 4.455 9.74834 4.52862 10.4277 4.81C11.107 5.09139 11.6876 5.56789 12.0961 6.17927C12.5046 6.79064 12.7227 7.50942 12.7227 8.24471C12.7216 9.23039 12.3296 10.1754 11.6326 10.8724C10.9357 11.5694 9.99064 11.9614 9.00496 11.9624ZM13.6521 4.52701C13.4683 4.52701 13.2886 4.4725 13.1357 4.37038C12.9829 4.26825 12.8638 4.12309 12.7934 3.95326C12.7231 3.78343 12.7047 3.59656 12.7405 3.41626C12.7764 3.23597 12.8649 3.07037 12.9949 2.94038C13.1249 2.8104 13.2905 2.72188 13.4708 2.68602C13.6511 2.65016 13.8379 2.66856 14.0078 2.73891C14.1776 2.80926 14.3227 2.92838 14.4249 3.08123C14.527 3.23407 14.5815 3.41376 14.5815 3.59759C14.5815 3.84409 14.4836 4.08049 14.3093 4.25479C14.135 4.42909 13.8986 4.52701 13.6521 4.52701ZM11.4834 8.24471C11.4834 8.7349 11.3381 9.21409 11.0657 9.62167C10.7934 10.0293 10.4063 10.3469 9.95343 10.5345C9.50055 10.7221 9.00221 10.7712 8.52144 10.6756C8.04066 10.5799 7.59904 10.3439 7.25242 9.99725C6.9058 9.65063 6.66975 9.20901 6.57412 8.72823C6.47849 8.24746 6.52757 7.74912 6.71516 7.29624C6.90275 6.84336 7.22042 6.45628 7.628 6.18394C8.03558 5.9116 8.51477 5.76624 9.00496 5.76624C9.66229 5.76624 10.2927 6.02737 10.7575 6.49217C11.2223 6.95697 11.4834 7.58738 11.4834 8.24471Z\" fill=\"black\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/button><\/div><div aria-label=\"Follow BBC on tiktok\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-selected=\"false\" class=\"sc-97754ce7-5 hmVYPm\"><button type=\"button\" data-testid=\"social-button-tiktok\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 dhvNxi dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 IaJUO\"><svg width=\"16\" height=\"19\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 19\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" category=\"social\" icon=\"tiktok\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M12.6992 2.92929C12.0014 2.13265 11.6168 1.10958 11.6171 0.0505371H8.46271V12.7089C8.43838 13.3939 8.14918 14.0427 7.65601 14.5187C7.16284 14.9948 6.50419 15.2609 5.81875 15.261C4.36917 15.261 3.16458 14.0768 3.16458 12.6068C3.16458 10.851 4.85917 9.53408 6.60479 10.0751V6.84929C3.08292 6.3797 0 9.11554 0 12.6068C0 16.0062 2.8175 18.4255 5.80854 18.4255C9.01396 18.4255 11.6171 15.8224 11.6171 12.6068V6.18575C12.8962 7.10434 14.4319 7.5972 16.0067 7.5945V4.44012C16.0067 4.44012 14.0875 4.532 12.6992 2.92929Z\" fill=\"black\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/button><\/div><div aria-label=\"Follow BBC on linkedin\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-selected=\"false\" class=\"sc-97754ce7-5 hmVYPm\"><button type=\"button\" data-testid=\"social-button-linkedin\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 dhvNxi dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 IaJUO\"><svg width=\"15\" height=\"15\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 15\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" category=\"social\" icon=\"linkedin\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M3.14795 1.57476C3.14775 1.99221 2.98172 2.39247 2.68639 2.6875C2.39107 2.98253 1.99063 3.14816 1.57319 3.14795C1.15575 3.14775 0.755481 2.98172 0.460451 2.68639C0.16542 2.39107 -0.000208525 1.99064 1.97032e-07 1.57319C0.000208919 1.15575 0.166238 0.755481 0.461564 0.460451C0.756889 0.16542 1.15732 -0.000208525 1.57476 1.97032e-07C1.99221 0.000208919 2.39247 0.166238 2.6875 0.461564C2.98253 0.756889 3.14816 1.15732 3.14795 1.57476ZM3.19517 4.31348H0.0472195V14.1666H3.19517V4.31348ZM8.16894 4.31348H5.03673V14.1666H8.13746V8.99607C8.13746 6.11569 11.8914 5.84811 11.8914 8.99607V14.1666H15V7.92576C15 3.07004 9.44386 3.25105 8.13746 5.63563L8.16894 4.31348Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/button><\/div><div aria-label=\"Follow BBC on youtube\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-selected=\"false\" class=\"sc-97754ce7-5 hmVYPm\"><button type=\"button\" data-testid=\"social-button-youtube\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 dhvNxi dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 IaJUO\"><svg width=\"19\" height=\"15\" viewBox=\"0 0 19 15\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" category=\"social\" icon=\"youtube\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M9.48685 0.29126C9.98138 0.293864 11.2186 0.305151 12.5337 0.35464L13.0004 0.37374C14.3238 0.431911 15.6463 0.532624 16.3029 0.703663C17.178 0.934609 17.8652 1.60661 18.0976 2.4592C18.468 3.81362 18.5144 6.45474 18.5199 7.09462L18.5208 7.22659V7.37766C18.5144 8.01753 18.468 10.6595 18.0976 12.0131C17.8624 12.8683 17.1743 13.5411 16.3029 13.7686C15.6463 13.9397 14.3238 14.0404 13.0004 14.0985L12.5337 14.1185C11.2186 14.1671 9.98138 14.1793 9.48685 14.181L9.26921 14.1819H9.03306C7.98658 14.1758 3.60989 14.1315 2.21705 13.7686C1.34283 13.5377 0.654744 12.8657 0.422296 12.0131C0.051861 10.6587 0.00555653 8.01753 0 7.37766V7.09462C0.00555653 6.45474 0.051861 3.81275 0.422296 2.4592C0.657523 1.60401 1.34561 0.931136 2.21798 0.704532C3.60989 0.340748 7.98751 0.296469 9.03399 0.29126H9.48685ZM7.40778 4.19824V10.2758L12.9643 7.23701L7.40778 4.19824Z\" fill=\"black\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><section class=\"sc-e205027-0 vUnzo\"><nav><ul class=\"sc-e205027-1 bpAeuU\"><li class=\"sc-e205027-2 gMaXrB\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/usingthebbc\/terms\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-e205027-3 jOEMgn\">Terms of Use<\/a><\/div><\/li><li class=\"sc-e205027-2 gMaXrB\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/aboutthebbc\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-e205027-3 jOEMgn\">About the BBC<\/a><\/div><\/li><li class=\"sc-e205027-2 gMaXrB\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/usingthebbc\/privacy\/\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-e205027-3 jOEMgn\">Privacy Policy<\/a><\/div><\/li><li class=\"sc-e205027-2 gMaXrB\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/usingthebbc\/cookies\/\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-e205027-3 jOEMgn\">Cookies<\/a><\/div><\/li><li class=\"sc-e205027-2 gMaXrB\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/accessibility\/\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-e205027-3 jOEMgn\">Accessibility Help<\/a><\/div><\/li><li class=\"sc-e205027-2 gMaXrB\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/contact\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-e205027-3 jOEMgn\">Contact the BBC<\/a><\/div><\/li><li class=\"sc-e205027-2 gMaXrB\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/advertisingcontact\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-e205027-3 jOEMgn\">Advertise with us<\/a><\/div><\/li><li class=\"sc-e205027-2 gMaXrB\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/usingthebbc\/cookies\/how-can-i-change-my-bbc-cookie-settings\/\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-e205027-3 jOEMgn\">Do not share or sell my info<\/a><\/div><\/li><li class=\"sc-e205027-2 gMaXrB\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/contact-bbc-com-help\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-e205027-3 jOEMgn\">Contact technical support<\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/section><div class=\"sc-c05885a3-1 gkyhbo\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Copyright 2025 BBC. All rights reserved.\u00a0<i id=\"\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">\u00a0<\/i>The<i id=\"bbc\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\"> BBC <\/i>is<i id=\"not-responsible-for-the-content-of-external-sites.\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\"> not responsible for the content of external sites.<\/i>\u00a0<a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/editorialguidelines\/guidance\/feeds-and-links\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><b id=\"read-about-our-approach-to-external-linking.\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">Read about our approach to external linking.<\/b><\/a><\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">\u00a0<\/p><\/div><\/footer><\/div><\/div><script id=\"__NEXT_DATA__\" type=\"application\/json\">{\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"page\":{\"@\\\"future\\\",\\\"article\\\",\\\"20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\\\",\":{\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:future\/article\/20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\",\"contents\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The global challenge of iron deficiency \u2013 and why scientists can't agree if supplements are the answer\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"timestamp\",\"model\":{\"timestamp\":1741860000000}},{\"type\":\"byline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"contributor\",\"model\":{\"topicUrl\":\"future\/author\/amanda-ruggeri\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"name\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"By Amanda Ruggeri\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"By Amanda Ruggeri\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"timestamp\",\"model\":{\"timestamp\":1741860000000}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"(Credit: Getty Images)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"(Credit: Getty Images)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Red blood cells as seen under a microscope (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Red blood cells as seen under a microscope (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"height\":1080,\"width\":1920,\"locator\":\"\/p0kxplym.jpg\",\"originCode\":\"ic\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\"}}],\"emphasiseImage\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A lack of this vital nutrient is one of the world's leading causes of disability \u2013 but exactly when it becomes a problem, and the best way to treat it, remains unclear.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A lack of this vital nutrient is one of the world's leading causes of disability \u2013 but exactly when it becomes a problem, and the best way to treat it, remains unclear.\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}}]}}],\"bodyIntro\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"When Megan Ryan first noticed her fatigue, she assumed it was normal. After all, she was a single parent to a three-year-old.\u00a0She also worked full-time. Almost every day, when she picked her son up from daycare, she'd fall asleep with him during his afternoon nap. She didn't think much about it. \\\"I just thought, 'Oh, this is motherhood',\\\" says Ryan, who lives in upstate New York, US. At a routine medical check-up in June 2023, her doctor asked if she felt exhausted. Blood test results showed that Ryan had iron deficiency anaemia.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"When Megan Ryan first noticed her fatigue, she assumed it was normal. After all, she was a single parent to a three-year-old.\u00a0She also worked full-time. Almost every day, when she picked her son up from daycare, she'd fall asleep with him during his afternoon nap. She didn't think much about it. \\\"I just thought, 'Oh, this is motherhood',\\\" says Ryan, who lives in upstate New York, US. At a routine medical check-up in June 2023, her doctor asked if she felt exhausted. Blood test results showed that Ryan had iron deficiency anaemia.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Looking back, there had been other signs. Despite regularly working out, Ryan had suddenly started to feel winded on routine hikes. She had also had iron deficiency before, during pregnancy. That time, her midwife suspected it after Ryan mentioned that her only pregnancy craving was ice \u2013 a classic sign of pica, which is, in turn, a symptom of iron deficiency.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Looking back, there had been other signs. Despite regularly working out, Ryan had suddenly started to feel winded on routine hikes. She had also had iron deficiency before, during pregnancy. That time, her midwife suspected it after Ryan mentioned that her only pregnancy craving was ice \u2013 a classic sign of pica, which is, in turn, \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"a symptom of iron deficiency\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10199804\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"a symptom of iron deficiency\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\".\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Iron deficiency is most common micronutrient deficiency in the world today, affecting roughly two billion people. It is especially prevalent among children as well as women of reproductive age, including pregnant women.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Iron deficiency is \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"most common micronutrient deficiency\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/eclinm\/article\/PIIS2589-5370(22)00029-3\/fulltext\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"most common micronutrient deficiency\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" in the world today, affecting roughly two billion people. It is especially prevalent among children as well as women of reproductive age, including pregnant women.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The condition can cause a wide range of consequences. When a pregnant woman doesn't have adequate iron stores, for example, it can affect the foetus' brain development and there is also a higher risk of low birth weight, preterm birth, dying during pregnancy and stillbirth. For babies and toddlers, not having enough iron can affect long-term development, with studies finding that children are at risk\u00a0of exhibiting behavioural issues \u2013 they are less happy and contented, and tend to be more socially inhibited. It can also influence children's motor skills, and cognitive ability even years after a deficiency has been corrected. In adults, iron deficiency is one of the world's leading causes of disability. In rare cases, it can be life-threatening.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The condition can cause a wide range of consequences. When a pregnant woman doesn't have adequate iron stores, for example, \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"it can affect the foetus' brain development\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/proceedings-of-the-nutrition-society\/article\/iron-deficiency-during-pregnancy-the-consequences-for-placental-function-and-fetal-outcome\/FECFF2CEC3CFD96AB0515197B13651A6\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"it can affect the foetus' brain development\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" and there is also a higher risk of \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"low birth weight, preterm birth\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190222092727id_\/http:\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/36b8\/2a35ec215bdb885c22c7486d6ca8928f0724.pdf\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"low birth weight, preterm birth\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"dying during pregnancy and stillbirth\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29076149\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"dying during pregnancy and stillbirth\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\". For babies and toddlers, not having enough iron \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"can affect long-term development\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17413089\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"can affect long-term development\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", with studies finding that \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"children are at risk\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nutritionreviews\/article\/69\/suppl_1\/S43\/1815399\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"children are at risk\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u00a0of exhibiting behavioural issues \u2013 they are less happy and contented, and tend to be more socially inhibited. It can also influence children's motor skills, and cognitive ability even years after a deficiency has been corrected. In adults, iron deficiency is \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"one of the world's leading causes of disability\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0140673607612355\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"one of the world's leading causes of disability\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\". In rare cases, it can be \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"life-threatening\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34909345\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"life-threatening\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\".\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_1\"},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A widespread issue\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A widespread issue\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\",\"h1\"]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"It's a major global problem,\\\" says Michael Zimmermann, professor\u00a0of human nutrition at the University of Oxford in the UK and a long-time researcher of micronutrient deficiencies. \\\"It's very common. It's not going away very fast. And it is associated with a lot of disability.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"It's a major global problem,\\\" says Michael Zimmermann, professor\u00a0of human nutrition at the University of Oxford in the UK and a \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"long-time researcher\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Zimmermann%20MB%5BAuthor%5D\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"long-time researcher\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" of micronutrient deficiencies. \\\"It's very common. It's not going away very fast. And it is associated with a lot of disability.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Most scientists agree that iron deficiency is a common condition. But other questions persist, such as how exactly to define iron deficiency, or how likely it is, in the absence of other symptoms, to raise the risk of poor health outcomes. So, when should, and shouldn't, someone supplement their iron?\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Most scientists agree that iron deficiency is a \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"common condition\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/eclinm\/article\/PIIS2589-5370(22)00029-3\/fulltext\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"common condition\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\". But other questions persist, such as how exactly to define iron deficiency, or how likely it is, in the absence of other symptoms, to raise the risk of poor health outcomes. So, when should, and shouldn't, someone supplement their iron?\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"What isn't disputed is that some groups are more susceptible to iron deficiency than others.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"What isn't disputed is that some groups are more susceptible to iron deficiency than others.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"quote\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"When someone gets low on iron, their body begins to form red blood cells differently \u2013 Sant-Rayn Pasricha\",\"quoteSource\":\"\",\"quoteSourceTitle\":\"\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In women, for example, iron-deficiency anaemia \u2013 where the body does not have enough iron to make sufficient red blood cells \u2013 is a leading cause of disability worldwide. One study of first-time US blood donors found that iron levels were low in 12% of women, but in less than 3% of men, reflecting the impact made by regular blood loss through menstruation. Then there's the impact of pregnancy, which diverts nutrition to the foetus, meaning that women in this group are particularly at risk. One study found that 46% of UK women had anaemia at some point during pregnancy \u2013 though not all cases stemmed from iron deficiency.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In women, for example, iron-deficiency anaemia \u2013 where the body does not have enough iron to make sufficient red blood cells \u2013 is a \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"leading cause of disability worldwide\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/ashpublications.org\/blood\/article\/133\/1\/30\/6613\/Iron-deficiency\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"leading cause of disability worldwide\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\". One study of first-time US blood donors found that \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"iron levels were low in 12% of women\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/biolincc.nhlbi.nih.gov\/media\/studies\/rise\/Protocol.pdf\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"iron levels were low in 12% of women\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", but in less than 3% of men, reflecting the impact made by regular blood loss through menstruation. Then there's the impact of pregnancy, which diverts nutrition to the foetus, meaning that women in this group are particularly at risk. One study found that \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"46% of UK women\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29076149\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"46% of UK women\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" had anaemia at some point during pregnancy \u2013 though not all cases stemmed from iron deficiency.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_2\"},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Kidney beans are a rich source of dietary iron (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Kidney beans are a rich source of dietary iron (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Kidney beans are a rich source of dietary iron (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Kidney beans are a rich source of dietary iron (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"height\":1080,\"width\":1920,\"locator\":\"\/p0kxpm9s.jpg\",\"originCode\":\"ic\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\"}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Endurance athletics, vegetarianism or veganism and frequent blood donation can all put both men and women at increased risk. People with certain health conditions might also be prone to lower iron levels. Kidney disease and coeliac disease can decrease iron absorption, for example.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Endurance athletics\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/cdnsciencepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1139\/apnm-2014-0147\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Endurance athletics\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"vegetarianism or veganism\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/1559827616682933\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"vegetarianism or veganism\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" and \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"frequent blood donation\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03401.x\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"frequent blood donation\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" can all put both men and women at increased risk. People with certain health conditions might also be prone to lower iron levels. Kidney disease and \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"coeliac\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.3109\/00365529509093254\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"coeliac\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" disease can decrease iron absorption, for example.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A critical time\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A critical time\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\",\"h1\"]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But children are among the most vulnerable group to iron deficiency because the mineral is so important for their development.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But children are among the most vulnerable group to iron deficiency because the mineral is so important for their development.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"What's the most rapid period of growth in our entire lifespan? Infancy,\\\" says Mark Corkins, chair of the Committee on Nutrition at the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). \\\"You triple your birth weight by a year of age. You double your length.\\\" As our bodies grow, they need more blood. And red blood cells are built \u2013 in part \u2013 on iron. Without that necessary iron, says Corkins, you risk not able to produce enough red blood cells to deliver oxygen to your growing tissues, including the brain.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"What's the most rapid period of growth in our entire lifespan? Infancy,\\\" says Mark Corkins, chair of the Committee on Nutrition at the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). \\\"You triple your birth weight by a year of age. You double your length.\\\" As our bodies grow, they need more blood. And red blood cells are built \u2013 in part \u2013 on iron. Without that necessary iron, says Corkins, you risk not able to produce enough red blood cells to deliver oxygen to your growing tissues, including the brain.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Iron deficiency is especially common in children from lower income countries. \\\"In studies I've done in Africa, 70% of babies between six and 12 months of age have clear iron-deficiency anaemia,\\\" says Zimmermann.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Iron deficiency is especially common in children from lower income countries. \\\"In studies I've done in Africa, \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"70% of babies between six and 12 months of age have clear iron-deficiency anaemia\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28774885\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"70% of babies between six and 12 months of age have clear iron-deficiency anaemia\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\",\\\" says Zimmermann.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_3\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Even in wealthier countries, which have better overall nutrition and which are more likely to fortify certain food products with iron, this deficiency persists. Up to 4% of toddlers in the US, for example, have iron-deficiency anaemia, while some 15% have iron deficiency.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Even in wealthier countries, which have better overall nutrition and which are more likely to fortify certain food products with iron, this deficiency persists. \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Up to 4% of toddlers in the US, for example, have iron-deficiency anaemia\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/5\/1040\/65343\/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Up to 4% of toddlers in the US, for example, have iron-deficiency anaemia\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", while some 15% have iron deficiency.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"callout\",\"model\":{\"title\":\"Iron deficiency, iron-deficiency anaemia, and anaemia\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Anaemia occurs when someone is not producing enough normal red blood cells or haemoglobin, the substance that carries oxygen around in your blood. While this can be due to various factors, around half of all anaemia cases are caused by iron deficiency. Adults with this condition, iron-deficiency anaemia, might experience weakness, extreme fatigue, or shortness of breath, among other symptoms. Symptoms in babies and small children are similar, though they might also have sleep issues \u2013 particularly frequent night wakes, restlessness during sleep, and difficulty falling asleep.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Anaemia occurs when someone is not producing enough normal red blood cells or haemoglobin, the substance that carries oxygen around in your blood. While this can be due to various factors, \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"around half of all anaemia cases\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(07)61235-5\/fulltext\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"around half of all anaemia cases\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" are caused by iron deficiency. Adults with this condition, iron-deficiency anaemia, might experience weakness, extreme fatigue, or shortness of breath, \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"among other symptoms\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/iron-deficiency-anemia\/symptoms-causes\/syc-20355034\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"among other symptoms\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\". Symptoms in babies and small children are similar, though they might also have sleep issues \u2013 particularly \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"frequent night wakes, restlessness during sleep,\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3632071\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"frequent night wakes, restlessness during sleep,\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" and \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"difficulty falling asleep\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3632071\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"difficulty falling asleep\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\".\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Just because someone is iron deficient does not necessarily mean they will have anaemia. \\\"Iron deficiency can be considered a stage prior to anaemia,\\\" says clinical haemotologist Sant-Rayn Pasricha, the head of the Melbourne School of Population and Global Health who specialises in iron deficiency and related conditions.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Just because someone is \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"iron deficient\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/5\/1040\/65343\/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"iron deficient\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" does not necessarily mean they will have anaemia. \\\"Iron deficiency can be considered a stage prior to anaemia,\\\" says clinical haemotologist Sant-Rayn Pasricha, the head of the Melbourne School of Population and Global Health who specialises in iron deficiency and related conditions.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The severity of the deficiency plays a key role, Pasricha explains. When someone gets low on iron, their body begins to form red blood cells differently, he says. They get smaller and, eventually, the amount of oxygen-carrying haemoglobin in that person's blood drops below a healthy level. \\\"That's when we reach iron deficiency anaemia,\\\" Pasricha says.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The severity of the deficiency plays a key role, Pasricha explains. When someone gets low on iron, their body begins to form red blood cells differently, he says. They get smaller and, eventually, the amount of oxygen-carrying haemoglobin in that person's blood drops below a healthy level. \\\"That's when we reach iron deficiency anaemia,\\\" Pasricha says.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Iron deficiency and anaemia are generally diagnosed with a blood test \u2013 usually one that examines levels of ferritin, a protein that helps store iron, or haemoglobin.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Iron deficiency and anaemia are generally diagnosed with a \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"blood test\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/iron-deficiency-anemia\/diagnosis-treatment\/drc-20355040\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"blood test\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" \u2013 usually one that examines levels of ferritin, a protein that helps store iron, or \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"haemoglobin\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK259\/#:~:text=Definition,deciliter%20(g%2Fdl).\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"haemoglobin\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\".\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_4\"},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A matter of debate\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A matter of debate\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\",\"h1\"]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Some specialists question whether iron deficiency is always a cause for concern \u2013 especially if it arises in the absence of any physical symptoms and if the patient does not have anaemia.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Some specialists question whether iron deficiency is always a cause for concern \u2013 especially if it arises in the absence of any physical symptoms and if the patient does not have anaemia.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Pasricha co-authored a review to help inform the World Health Organization's guidelines on iron supplementation in women. In that research, he found something interesting.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Pasricha co-authored \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"a review to help inform the World Health Organization's guidelines\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(20)32594-0\/fulltext\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"a review to help inform the World Health Organization's guidelines\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" on iron supplementation in women. In that research, he found something interesting.\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"While those women in clinical trials who were iron deficient and reported feeling fatigued found that their fatigue improved upon taking iron supplements, the intervention didn't change the energy levels of women who were also iron deficient, but who had not reported fatigue.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"While those women in clinical trials who were iron deficient and reported feeling fatigued found that their fatigue improved upon taking iron supplements, the intervention didn't change the energy levels of women who were also iron deficient, but who had not reported fatigue.\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"This hints to us that, at least in adults, if you're clinically unwell with an iron deficiency, then of course you should be treated and that will improve how you feel,\\\" Pasricha says. \\\"But it also suggests that, if you're feeling perfectly fine, and someone just finds that you have a low iron level \u2013 then it's hard to be sure that that treating you then would boost you to feel any different.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"This hints to us that, at least in adults, if you're clinically unwell with an iron deficiency, then of course you should be treated and that will improve how you feel,\\\" Pasricha says. \\\"But it also suggests that, if you're feeling perfectly fine, and someone just finds that you have a low iron level \u2013 then it's hard to be sure that that treating you then would boost you to feel any different.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Overall, iron deficiency in the absence of anaemia has been studied less than iron-deficiency anaemia. But there are some broad conclusions we can make, researchers say.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Overall, iron deficiency in the absence of anaemia has been studied less than iron-deficiency anaemia. But there are some broad conclusions we can make, researchers say.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_5\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"The consensus is that iron-deficiency anaemia is certainly worse,\\\" says Zimmermann. \\\"But iron deficiency is also associated with impairment.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"The consensus is that iron-deficiency anaemia is certainly worse,\\\" says Zimmermann. \\\"But iron deficiency is also associated with impairment.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Endurance athletes are more likely to have an iron deficiency (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Endurance athletes are more likely to have an iron deficiency (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Endurance athletes are more likely to have an iron deficiency (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Endurance athletes are more likely to have an iron deficiency (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"height\":1080,\"width\":1920,\"locator\":\"\/p0kxpmfn.jpg\",\"originCode\":\"ic\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\"}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"According to some studies, the effects of iron-deficiency anaemia \u2013 particularly in children \u2013 can be long-lasting. \\\"It's not just about [poor health outcomes] \u2013 it is that you didn't maximise your development,\\\" Corkins says.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"According to some studies, the effects of iron-deficiency anaemia \u2013 particularly in children \u2013 can be long-lasting. \\\"It's not just about [poor health outcomes] \u2013 it is that you didn't maximise your development,\\\" Corkins says.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"One review, for example, found a \\\"consistent association\\\" between children with iron-deficiency anaemia having poorer cognitive performance compared to controls. However, the researchers note, perhaps it's not iron-deficiency anaemia that's the problem. It could be the effect of anaemia in general, which depresses energy levels. The researchers also say in their review that it is hard to rule out the influence of socioeconomic factors on children\u2019s behaviour and cognition.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"One review, for example, found a \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"consistent association\\\" between children with iron-deficiency anaemia having poorer cognitive performance\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17413089\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"consistent association\\\" between children with iron-deficiency anaemia having poorer cognitive performance\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" compared to controls. However, the researchers note, perhaps it's not iron-deficiency anaemia that's the problem. It could be the effect of anaemia in general, which depresses energy levels. The researchers also say in their review that it is hard to rule out the influence of socioeconomic factors on children\u2019s behaviour and cognition.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This complexity lies at the heart of all nutrition research: is it the absence of a nutrient itself that's the problem, or is that deficiency a sign of something else going on?\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This complexity lies at the heart of all nutrition research: is it the absence of a nutrient itself that's the problem, or is that deficiency a sign of something else going on?\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_6\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"To complicate matters further, the criteria for defining iron deficiency in children is still up for debate, says Zimmermann. Because children are growing so fast, he adds, iron deficiency normally quickly leads to anaemia \u2013 which means it's not easy to find, and study, iron-deficient children who are not anaemic.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"To complicate matters further, the criteria for defining iron deficiency in children is still up for debate, says Zimmermann. Because children are growing so fast, he adds, iron deficiency normally quickly leads to anaemia \u2013 which means it's not easy to find, and study, iron-deficient children who are not anaemic.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"To supplement or not to supplement\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"To supplement or not to supplement\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\",\"h1\"]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Given that, and the potential consequences for their development, guidelines often advise supplementing children with iron at any sign of deficiency \u2013 or even to supplement as a prevention measure.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Given that, and the potential consequences for their development, guidelines often advise supplementing children with iron at any sign of deficiency \u2013 or even to supplement as a prevention measure.\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In the US, for example, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that babies who are exclusively breastfed receive iron drops from four months old, for example. This is because breastmilk has low levels of iron, while formula milk is usually fortified.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In the US, for example, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that babies who are exclusively breastfed \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"receive iron drops from four months old\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/5\/1040\/65343\/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and?autologincheck=redirected\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"receive iron drops from four months old\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", for example. This is because \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"breastmilk has low levels of iron\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lancet\/article\/PIIS0140-6736(07)61235-5\/fulltext\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"breastmilk has low levels of iron\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", while formula milk is usually fortified.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But some researchers question this approach.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But some researchers question this approach.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Pasricha was involved in the largest trial to date that has examined the effect of supplementation on child development, he says. The study, of 3,300 eight-month-old babies in Bangladesh, randomised children into groups that received either daily iron supplementation for three months, or a placebo. He and colleagues measured the children's neurodevelopment before and after the supplementation. \\\"We did not see any evidence of a functional benefit,\\\" he says, although they also saw no harm either way.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Pasricha was involved in the largest trial to date that has examined the effect of supplementation on child development, he says. The study, of 3,300 eight-month-old babies in Bangladesh, \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"randomised children into groups that received either daily iron supplementation for three months, or a placebo\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.nejm.org\/doi\/full\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2034187\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"randomised children into groups that received either daily iron supplementation for three months, or a placebo\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\". He and colleagues measured the children's neurodevelopment before and after the supplementation. \\\"We did not see any evidence of a functional benefit,\\\" he says, although they also saw no harm either way.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_7\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"We did see that haemoglobin and iron status did improve in the children that received iron \u2013 but we didn't see that affect child development,\\\" says Pasricha. The \\\"why\\\", he says, \\\"is something that the team is really grappling with\\\".\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"We did see that haemoglobin and iron status did improve in the children that received iron \u2013 but we didn't see that affect child development,\\\" says Pasricha. The \\\"why\\\", he says, \\\"is something that the team is really grappling with\\\".\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Other research has yielded similar findings. For example, in one study, even after infants with iron-deficiency anaemia received supplementation that corrected their anaemia, they continued to show more restless sleep patterns than their cohorts \u2013 sometimes even years later.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Other research has yielded similar findings. For example, in one study, even after infants with iron-deficiency anaemia received supplementation that corrected their anaemia, \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"they continued to show more restless sleep patterns than their cohorts\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1389945710002182?via%3Dihub\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"they continued to show more restless sleep patterns than their cohorts\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" \u2013 sometimes even years later.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"One possible reason might be that even a brief period of deficiency can lead to long-lasting harm. One study, for example, found that when children had had iron deficiency at birth, they had less activation in the regions of their brain related to cognitive control at eight to 11 years old \u2013 even if their iron levels had been corrected.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"One possible reason might be that even a brief period of deficiency can lead to long-lasting harm. One study, for example, found that \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"when children had had iron deficiency at birth\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37143078\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"when children had had iron deficiency at birth\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", they had less activation in the regions of their brain related to cognitive control at eight to 11 years old \u2013 even if their iron levels had been corrected.\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But another possibility, Pasricha says, is that it isn't the low iron itself that causes poorer development, but that low iron is an indicator of something else \u2013 such as other nutrients in a person's diet that are missing.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But another possibility, Pasricha says, is that it isn't the low iron itself that causes poorer development, but that low iron is an indicator of something else \u2013 such as other nutrients in a person's diet that are missing.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Meanwhile, there could also be downsides to supplementing children who don't actually have a deficiency. Some studies have found that babies and toddlers who had adequate iron levels, but received supplementation, had poorer weight gain and less growth compared to controls. Randomised controlled trials have found that babies randomly assigned to high-iron formula milk scored more poorly on cognitive tests of abilities like visual memory, reading comprehension and mathematics at both 10 years old and 16 years old, compared to those on a low-iron formulation. However, exactly how much iron supplementation would avoid these effects remains unclear, the researchers say as other factors could also be involved.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Meanwhile, there could also be downsides to supplementing children who don't actually have a deficiency. Some studies have found that babies and toddlers who had adequate iron levels, but received supplementation, had \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"poorer weight gain\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0140673694921512\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"poorer weight gain\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" and \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"less growth\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12729289\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"less growth\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" compared to controls. Randomised controlled trials have found that babies randomly assigned to high-iron formula milk scored more poorly on cognitive tests of abilities like visual memory, reading comprehension and mathematics at both \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"10 years old\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22064877\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"10 years old\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" and \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"16 years old\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31253407\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"16 years old\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", compared to those on a low-iron formulation. However, exactly how much iron supplementation would avoid these effects remains unclear, the researchers say as other factors could also be involved.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_8\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Given results like this, however, some experts have criticised US guidelines to supplement all breastfed infants.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Given results like this, however, some experts have \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"criticised US guidelines\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/5\/1040\/65343\/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and?autologincheck=redirected\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"criticised US guidelines\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" to supplement all breastfed infants.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Supplements can also have other side effects. Zimmermann, for example, has studied how supplementation can affect people's microbiome. Bacteria thrive on iron, he says. The very small amount of iron that breastmilk has is bound to protective substances like lactoferrin, which helps to keep iron away from potential pathogens in the gut \u2013 especially protective for babies, who have immature immune systems. Giving a baby aged six months old micronutrient powders containing iron, which is what many experts recommend, could result in a negative outcome, says Zimmermann.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Supplements can also have other side effects. Zimmermann, for example, has studied \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"how supplementation can affect people's microbiome\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/content\/64\/5\/731.short\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"how supplementation can affect people's microbiome\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\". Bacteria thrive on iron, he says. The very small amount of iron that breastmilk has is bound to protective substances like lactoferrin, which helps to keep iron away from potential pathogens in the gut \u2013 especially protective for babies, who have immature immune systems. Giving a baby aged six months old micronutrient powders containing iron, which is what many experts recommend, could result in a negative outcome, says Zimmermann.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"These powders have very high amounts of iron in them\u2026 which can cause a very rapid shift in the microbiome,\\\" says Zimmermann. The babies can't absorb all that iron, which ends up impacting their gut microbiome \u2013 potentially towards a balance favouring \\\"the pathogens we worry most about in babies\\\", he says. This includes E. coli, which grows prolifically in the presence of iron.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"These powders have very high amounts of iron in them\u2026 which can cause a very rapid shift in the microbiome,\\\" says Zimmermann. The babies can't absorb all that iron, which ends up impacting their gut microbiome \u2013 potentially towards a balance favouring \\\"the pathogens we worry most about in babies\\\", he says. \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This includes E. coli\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/gut.bmj.com\/content\/64\/5\/731.short\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This includes \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"E. coli\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", which grows prolifically in the presence of iron.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If an iron deficiency is making an adult feel unwell, iron supplements can help \u2013 but the story is less straightforward in children (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If an iron deficiency is making an adult feel unwell, iron supplements can help \u2013 but the story is less straightforward in children (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If an iron deficiency is making an adult feel unwell, iron supplements can help \u2013 but the story is less straightforward in children (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If an iron deficiency is making an adult feel unwell, iron supplements can help \u2013 but the story is less straightforward in children (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"height\":1080,\"width\":1920,\"locator\":\"\/p0kxpnwk.jpg\",\"originCode\":\"ic\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\"}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Many clinicians and researchers agree, however, that when someone has iron deficiency or iron-deficiency anaemia along with symptoms, supplementing can be one of the fastest ways to help them improve. One review of iron deficiency in endurance athletes, for example, found that supplementation not only improved ferritin and haemoglobin, but athletes' aerobic capacity, too.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Many clinicians and researchers agree, however, that when someone has iron deficiency or iron-deficiency anaemia along with symptoms, supplementing can be one of the fastest ways to help them improve. One review of \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"iron deficiency in endurance athletes\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/content\/49\/21\/1389.short\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"iron deficiency in endurance athletes\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", for example, found that supplementation not only improved ferritin and haemoglobin, but athletes' aerobic capacity, too.\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_9\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Whether to take supplements \u2013 or give them to a child \u2013 is something that people should decide with the help of a doctor, experts say.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Whether to take supplements \u2013 or give them to a child \u2013 is something that people should decide with the help of a doctor, experts say.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A balanced diet\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A balanced diet\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\",\"h1\"]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But in an ideal world, people would get sufficient iron by eating a balanced diet that includes iron-rich foods, and avoid developing a deficiency in the first place \u2013 though this is not always possible. Ingredients such as liver or red meat, pulses, including kidney and edamame beans and chickpeas, as well as nuts and dried fruits are all considered good sources of iron.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But in an ideal world, people would get sufficient iron \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"by eating a balanced diet that includes iron-rich foods\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/vitamins-and-minerals\/iron\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"by eating a balanced diet that includes iron-rich foods\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", and avoid developing a deficiency in the first place \u2013 though this is not always possible. Ingredients such as \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"liver or red meat, pulses, including kidney and edamame beans and chickpeas, as well as nuts and dried fruits\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/vitamins-and-minerals\/iron\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"liver or red meat, pulses, including kidney and edamame beans and chickpeas, as well as nuts and dried fruits\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" are all considered good sources of iron.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants aged six to 12 months need 11 mg of iron per day. For toddlers, they recommend 7 mg, and for four- to eight-year-olds, 10 mg.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/126\/5\/1040\/65343\/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and?autologincheck=redirected\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" that infants aged six to 12 months need 11 mg of iron per day. For toddlers, they recommend 7 mg, and for four- to eight-year-olds, 10 mg.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Part of the higher recommendation for younger babies is because of their rapid development, experts say. But it's also because there is an assumption being made that most infants' first solids will be foods like iron-fortified cereals, as well as fruits and vegetables \u2013 non-heme sources of iron, which the body absorbs less readily than heme sources, which are animal-derived, like meat, fish and eggs.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Part of the higher recommendation for younger babies is because of their rapid development, experts say. But it's also because there is an assumption being made that most infants' first solids will be foods like iron-fortified cereals, as well as fruits and vegetables \u2013 non-heme sources of iron, \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"which the body absorbs less readily\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.hsph.harvard.edu\/nutritionsource\/iron\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"which the body absorbs less readily\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" than heme sources, which are animal-derived, like meat, fish and eggs.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"Diet is the best approach. Your body tends to take it up better. Your body tends to use it better,\\\" Corkins says. \\\"Now, if someone is profoundly anaemic, and you're trying to get them fixed faster \u2013 then you do supplementation.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"Diet is the best approach. Your body tends to take it up better. Your body tends to use it better,\\\" Corkins says. \\\"Now, if someone is profoundly anaemic, and you're trying to get them fixed faster \u2013 then you do supplementation.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_10\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"As for Ryan, she was able to correct her iron deficiency both times it happened: in pregnancy, with a supplement, and in 2023, with iron infusions, administered at her hospital, every two weeks for five months. \\\"It wasn't a quick fix,\\\" she says. With time, however, she noticed her fatigue fade.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"As for Ryan, she was able to correct her iron deficiency both times it happened: in pregnancy, with a supplement, and in 2023, with iron infusions, administered at her hospital, every two weeks for five months. \\\"It wasn't a quick fix,\\\" she says. With time, however, she noticed her fatigue fade.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Disclaimer\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Disclaimer\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\",\"bold\"]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" All content within this column is provided for general information only, and should not be treated as a substitute for the medical advice of a doctor or any other health care professional. The BBC is not responsible or liable for any diagnosis made by a user based on the content of this site. The BBC is not liable for the contents of any external internet sites listed, nor does it endorse any commercial product or service mentioned or advised on any of the sites. Always consult your own GP if you're in any way concerned about your health.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" All content within this column is provided for general information only, and should not be treated as a substitute for the medical advice of a doctor or any other health care professional. The BBC is not responsible or liable for any diagnosis made by a user based on the content of this site. The BBC is not liable for the contents of any external internet sites listed, nor does it endorse any commercial product or service mentioned or advised on any of the sites. Always consult your own GP if you're in any way concerned about your health.\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"--\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"--\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"For\u00a0trusted insights into better health and wellbeing rooted in science, sign up to the\u00a0Health Fix newsletter,\u00a0while\u00a0The Essential List\u00a0delivers a handpicked selection of features and insights.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"For\u00a0trusted insights into better health and wellbeing rooted in science, sign up to the\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Health Fix newsletter\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/cloud.email.bbc.com\/HealthFix_Newsletter_Signup?\\u0026at_bbc_team=studios\\u0026at_medium=emails\\u0026at_objective=acquisition\\u0026at_ptr_type=\\u0026at_ptr_name=bbc.com\\u0026at_format=Module\\u0026at_link_origin=featurescallout\\u0026at_campaign=healthfix\\u0026at_campaign_type=owned\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Health Fix newsletter\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\",\"bold\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\",\u00a0while\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Essential List\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/cloud.email.bbc.com\/SignUp10_08?\\u0026at_bbc_team=studios\\u0026at_medium=Onsite\\u0026at_objective=acquisition\\u0026at_ptr_name=bbc.com\\u0026at_link_origin=featuresarticle\\u0026at_campaign=essentiallist\\u0026at_campaign_type=owned\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Essential List\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\",\"bold\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\",\"bold\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"delivers a handpicked selection of features and insights.\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"For more science, technology, environment and health stories from the BBC, follow us on\u00a0Facebook,\u00a0X\u00a0and\u00a0Instagram.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"For more science, technology, environment and health stories from the BBC, follow us on\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Facebook\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/BBCFuture\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Facebook\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\",\"bold\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\",\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"X\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/x.com\/BBC_Future\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"X\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\",\"bold\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u00a0and\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Instagram\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/bbcfuture_official\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Instagram\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\",\"bold\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\".\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\",\"bold\"]}}]}}]}}],\"topics\":[{\"isEvent\":true,\"title\":\"Health\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/health\"},{\"isEvent\":false,\"title\":\"Human body\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/humanbody\"},{\"isEvent\":false,\"title\":\"Chemistry\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/chemistry\"},{\"isEvent\":false,\"title\":\"Biology\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/biology\"},{\"isEvent\":false,\"title\":\"Science\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/science\"},{\"isEvent\":false,\"title\":\"Features\",\"url\":\"\/future\/tags\/features\"}],\"onwardJourney\":[{\"type\":\"texas\",\"content\":[{\"title\":\"Theory of Evolution: How did Charles Darwin come up with it?\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0kqkmz3\/theory-of-evolution-how-did-charles-darwin-come-up-with-it-\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1739349305884,\"firstUpdated\":1739349305884,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"The British naturalist embarked on an extraordinary journey, did hundreds of experiments, and wrote for 20 years.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kqp90m.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Theory of Evolution: How did Charles Darwin come up with it?\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"duration\":317}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0kqkmz3\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"The power of hugs for reducing inflammation in the body\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0kl5x08\/the-power-of-hugs-for-reducing-inflammation-in-the-body\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1737497151066,\"firstUpdated\":1737497151066,\"topics\":[\"Health\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Dr. Lisa Dahlgren discusses the effect human touch has on our health and wellbeing.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kl622m.jpg\",\"altText\":\"The surprising health benefit of hugs\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"duration\":154}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0kl5x08\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Homo juluensis: Possible 'new ancient human' identified\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0kftjyg\/homo-juluensis-possible-new-ancient-human-identified\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1736164800000,\"firstUpdated\":1736164800000,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Researchers may have identified a new human species that lived around 300,000 years ago in Asia.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kgwsjn.jpg\",\"altText\":\"'Homo juluensis': Possible new ancient human identified\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"duration\":179}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0kftjyg\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Earth tides: Why our planet's crust has tides too\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0jt8x5z\/earth-tides-why-our-planet-s-crust-has-tides-too\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1727481600000,\"firstUpdated\":1727481600000,\"topics\":[\"Weather \\u0026 science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"How do they differ from the ocean? A geophysicist breaks it down for us.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0jt9gtk.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Why our planet's crust has tides too\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"duration\":121}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0jt8x5z\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"New Nasa sonifications: Listen to the sound of the Universe\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0jlbpl3\/new-nasa-sonifications-listen-to-the-sound-of-the-universe\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1725854508783,\"firstUpdated\":1725854508783,\"topics\":[\"Space\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Nasa has released new 'sonifications' of the Universe on the 25th anniversary of Chandra, its X-ray Observatory.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0jp0p4j.png\",\"altText\":\"Screenshot 2024 08 22 at 8 51 13 PM\",\"width\":1722,\"height\":1248,\"duration\":165}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0jlbpl3\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Uncovering the sunken relics of an ancient city\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0jnbll0\/uncovering-the-sunken-relics-of-an-ancient-city\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1725422484314,\"firstUpdated\":1725422484314,\"topics\":[\"Archaeology\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Bettany Hughes goes underwater in search of ancient archaeological finds in historic Sozopol, Bulgaria.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0jnbpvk.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Uncovering the sunken relics of an ancient city\",\"width\":1900,\"height\":1069,\"duration\":174}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0jnbll0\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"In Australia, sea lions help researchers map the ocean floor\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0jkkyc6\/in-australia-sea-lions-help-researchers-map-the-ocean-floor\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1724198400000,\"firstUpdated\":1724198400000,\"topics\":[\"Earth\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Researchers in Australia put cameras on sea lions' backs to help them map the elusive ocean floor.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0jklf59.png\",\"altText\":\"Screenshot 2024 08 20 at 2 00 51 PM min\",\"width\":2070,\"height\":1254,\"duration\":120}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0jkkyc6\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"The scientists drilling into an active Icelandic volcano\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0jgsff2\/the-scientists-drilling-into-an-active-icelandic-volcano\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1723927638074,\"firstUpdated\":1723927638074,\"topics\":[\"Climate solutions\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Scientists are preparing to drill into the rock of an Icelandic volcano to learn more about how volcanoes behave.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0jhk026.jpg\",\"altText\":\"The scientists drilling into an anctive Icelandic volcano\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"duration\":348}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0jgsff2\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Why we may have misunderstood the Universe\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0j83nwv\/why-we-may-have-misunderstood-the-universe\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1720085356927,\"firstUpdated\":1720085356927,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Research by a Nobel Prize winning astrophysicist suggests we have been wrong about the expansion of our Universe.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0j882d0.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Why we may have misunderstood the Universe\",\"width\":1728,\"height\":971}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0j83nwv\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"How flickering lights can help you learn better\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0gh5dgd\/how-flickering-lights-can-help-you-learn-better\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1699461811461,\"firstUpdated\":1695942015541,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"The stunning new science of how lights flickering in tune to our brain rhythms can improve how quickly we learn.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0gh6xp8.jpg\",\"altText\":\"How to boost your ability to learn\",\"width\":1945,\"height\":1094}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0gh5dgd\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"The butterfly effect: What is chaos theory?\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0gn8kps\/the-butterfly-effect-what-is-chaos-theory-\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1698068826836,\"firstUpdated\":1698068826836,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"The world was explained through the laws of physics until a meteorologist saw the pattern of chaos.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0gn8nnn.jpg\",\"altText\":\"What is chaos theory?\",\"width\":2192,\"height\":1402}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0gn8kps\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Scientists create world's first 'synthetic' embryos\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0gf55h4\/scientists-create-world-s-first-synthetic-embryos\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1694981090314,\"firstUpdated\":1694981090314,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Researchers in Israel have created 'synthetic' embryos without using a sperm or egg.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0gf57b5.jpg\",\"altText\":\"The world's first 'synthetic' embryos\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1079}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0gf55h4\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Why can\u2019t I remember people\u2019s faces?\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0fxn135\/why-can-t-i-remember-people-s-faces-\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1694015782488,\"firstUpdated\":1687902679874,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Prosopagnosia, or face blindness, is a brain disorder that affects the ability to recognise people.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0gbyckf.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Why can\u2019t I remember people\u2019s faces?\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1084}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0fxn135\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Four ways to understand the multiverse\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0g9hhcg\/four-ways-to-understand-the-multiverse\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1693337095429,\"firstUpdated\":1693337095429,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Max Tobin and world-renowned physicist Max Tegmark guide us through four ways to understand the multiverse.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0g9hzs2.jpg\",\"altText\":\"The multiverse explained...in four ways\",\"width\":3141,\"height\":1767}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0g9hhcg\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Maui's grass-fire cycle explained\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0g7ch3b\/maui-s-grass-fire-cycle-explained\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1692299591692,\"firstUpdated\":1692299591692,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Grasses that aren't native to Maui fueled the wildfires we see today. How did this happen?\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0g7crg3.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Maui's grass-fire cycle explained\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0g7ch3b\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Ancient worms found in Siberia permafrost come back to life\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0g4fxxt\/ancient-worms-found-in-siberia-permafrost-come-back-to-life\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1691053556513,\"firstUpdated\":1690999390608,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Scientists have revived a pair of 46,000-year-old worms found deep in the Siberian permafrost.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0g4fych.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Ancient worms revived after 46,000 years\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1079}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0g4fxxt\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Is this mysterious animal the key to human longevity?\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0g4174s\/is-this-mysterious-animal-the-key-to-human-longevity-\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1690924022199,\"firstUpdated\":1690924022199,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"The olm can live for 100 years.\u00a0Scientists want to decode its genome to unveil the secret to longevity.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0g479zv.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Is this mysterious animal the key to human longevity?\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0g4174s\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"The Oppenheimer dilemma: H-bomb vs A-bomb\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0g2wfwh\/the-oppenheimer-dilemma-h-bomb-vs-a-bomb\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1690474899252,\"firstUpdated\":1690319661160,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Oppenheimer, the father of the atomic bomb, was against hydrogen bombs. But what\u2019s the difference?\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0g2wk28.jpg\",\"altText\":\"The Oppenheimer dilemma: H-bomb vs A-bomb\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0g2wfwh\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"The enigmatic blueprint to a mirror Universe\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0g22nf3\/the-enigmatic-blueprint-to-a-mirror-universe\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1689927731492,\"firstUpdated\":1689888976079,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"The discovery of the substance that could unravel the whole mystery of existence.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0g22ssz.jpg\",\"altText\":\"The enigmatic blueprint to a mirror universe\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0g22nf3\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"The poisonous origin of life on Earth\",\"href\":\"\/reel\/video\/p0fvdy88\/the-poisonous-origin-of-life-on-earth\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"video\",\"subtype\":\"reels\",\"lastUpdated\":1687341937772,\"firstUpdated\":1686850570643,\"topics\":[\"Science\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Could proof of life on Mars reveal the poisonous origin of life on Earth?\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0fvmj7t.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Poison2\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1058}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnlvideoproject:video:p0fvdy88\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"}],\"collectionId\":\"\",\"sectionTitleProps\":{},\"paginationData\":{\"page\":0,\"pageSize\":20,\"total\":20},\"title\":\"Watch\",\"summary\":\"\",\"disableAutoPlay\":false,\"innerCollections\":[],\"playlistMode\":false},{\"type\":\"alaska\",\"content\":[{\"title\":\"An Italian cultural ambassador's guide to Rome\",\"href\":\"\/travel\/article\/20250310-alberto-angela-an-italian-cultural-ambassadors-guide-to-rome\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"article\",\"subtype\":\"features\",\"lastUpdated\":1741795200000,\"firstUpdated\":1741795200000,\"topics\":[\"Travel\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Alberto Angela has made a career out of exploring his hometown. Here are his favourite spots to unearth Rome's millennia of secrets, from the Vatican Museums to Ostia Antica.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kxc1sm.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Alberto Angela with the ruins on Palatine Hill behind him (Credit: Barbara Ledda)\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:travel\/article\/20250310-alberto-angela-an-italian-cultural-ambassadors-guide-to-rome\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"The art curator saving the world's rarest fruit\",\"href\":\"\/travel\/article\/20250307-the-art-curator-saving-the-worlds-rarest-fruit\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"article\",\"subtype\":\"features\",\"lastUpdated\":1741784400000,\"firstUpdated\":1741784400000,\"topics\":[\"Travel\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"Former Tate Modern director Vicente Todol\u00ed founded Todol\u00ed Citrus Fundaci\u00f3 to preserve rare citrus varieties and compile a catalogue of farming knowledge to inspire future generations.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kwv3tl.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Vicente Todol\u00ed at Todol\u00ed Citrus (Credit: Lucy Lovell)\",\"width\":3768,\"height\":2120}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:travel\/article\/20250307-the-art-curator-saving-the-worlds-rarest-fruit\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"Five ways to spot a fake masterpiece\",\"href\":\"\/culture\/article\/20250311-rembrandt-to-picasso-five-ways-to-spot-a-fake-masterpiece\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"article\",\"subtype\":\"features\",\"lastUpdated\":1741777200000,\"firstUpdated\":1741777200000,\"topics\":[\"Culture\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"The recent discovery of an art forger's workshop reminds us of the long history of fraudulent artworks \u2013 here are the simple rules to work them out.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kxjxdc.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Portrait of Saint Jerome (Credit: Alamy)\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:culture\/article\/20250311-rembrandt-to-picasso-five-ways-to-spot-a-fake-masterpiece\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"The women tackling India's worm poachers\",\"href\":\"\/future\/article\/20250311-the-women-fighting-indias-worm-poachers\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"article\",\"subtype\":\"features\",\"lastUpdated\":1741773600000,\"firstUpdated\":1741773600000,\"topics\":[\"Future\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"India's bristle worms are often overlooked. But they are crucial to the health of the country's wetlands \u2013 so local women are working to catch the poachers decimating their population.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kxh314.jpg\",\"altText\":\"Flamingos stand in the waters of Pulicat Lake, India (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"width\":3000,\"height\":1688}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:future\/article\/20250311-the-women-fighting-indias-worm-poachers\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"},{\"title\":\"How a tiny village became India's YouTube capital\",\"href\":\"\/future\/article\/20250217-how-a-tiny-village-became-indias-youtube-capital\",\"isLiveNow\":false,\"metadata\":{\"contentType\":\"article\",\"subtype\":\"features\",\"lastUpdated\":1741720410336,\"firstUpdated\":1741720410336,\"topics\":[\"Future\"]},\"tags\":[],\"description\":\"In Tulsi, a village in central India, social media has sparked an economic and social revolution. It's a microcosm of YouTube's effect on the world.\",\"image\":{\"type\":\"indexImage\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":{\"src\":\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0ks109t.jpg\",\"altText\":\"A brightly coloured illustration of a woman's hands holding a smartphone, which shows a woman wearing a green, pink and yellow sari sat on a white chair surrounded by greenery on the screen (Credit: Estudio Santa Rita)\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080}}},\"relatedUrls\":[],\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:future\/article\/20250217-how-a-tiny-village-became-indias-youtube-capital\",\"state\":\"published\",\"brandName\":\"\",\"seriesName\":\"\",\"seriesId\":\"\",\"brandId\":\"\"}],\"collectionId\":\"\",\"sectionTitleProps\":{},\"paginationData\":{\"page\":0,\"pageSize\":5,\"total\":5},\"title\":\"Human body, Chemistry, Biology, Science, Features\",\"summary\":\"\",\"disableAutoPlay\":false,\"adBlock\":{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_11\"},\"innerCollections\":[],\"playlistMode\":false}],\"relatedUrls\":[],\"collections\":[],\"destination\":[],\"collection\":[],\"section\":[{\"title\":\"Future\",\"url\":\"\/future\"}],\"pillar\":[{\"title\":\"Innovation\",\"url\":\"\/innovation\"}]}},\"country\":\"de\",\"isUkHeader\":\"no\",\"featureFlags\":{\"audio-all-pages\":true,\"authentication\":true,\"bookmarking\":true,\"client-side-routing\":false,\"client-side-uk-redirect\":true,\"comments\":false,\"election-banner-us\":true,\"election-banner-us-client-refresh\":true,\"follow-brand-function\":true,\"legacy-api\":false,\"legacy-byline\":false,\"live-articles-in-same-tab\":true,\"nevada-ad\":true,\"optimizely-web\":true,\"piano-composer\":true,\"playlists\":true,\"radio-page-progress-bar\":false,\"seo-allow-indexing\":true,\"seo-archive\":false,\"subscription-poc\":false,\"virginia-ad\":true,\"webvitals\":true,\"wntv-au\":true,\"wntv-au-preroll-ad\":false,\"wntv-us\":true,\"wntv-us-preroll-ad\":false,\"zephr\":false},\"authInfo\":{\"signInUrl\":\"https:\/\/session.bbc.com\/session\",\"signOutUrl\":\"https:\/\/session.bbc.com\/session\/signout?switchTld=true\\u0026ptrt=https%3A%2F%2Faccount.bbc.com%2Fsignout\",\"registerUrl\":\"https:\/\/session.bbc.com\/session?action=register\",\"statusUrl\":\"https:\/\/account.bbc.com\/account\",\"idSignedInCookieName\":\"ckns_id\",\"accessTokenRefreshUrl\":\"https:\/\/session.bbc.com\/session?ptrt=https%3A%2F%2Fsession.bbc.com%2Fsession%2Fannounce\",\"accessTokenExpiredAt\":0,\"idAvailability\":\"GREEN\",\"accountMaintenanceMode\":\"off\"},\"mainNavigation\":[{\"id\":\"7d8b56ed-7bec-40b3-9864-20fa2f1794ce\",\"title\":\"Home\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"home\",\"path\":\"\/home\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"4bde03c5-ffdc-4487-bb69-b4e71700fb79\",\"title\":\"News\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"news\",\"path\":\"\/news\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"f5f29eea-0a4c-44ee-90e3-1263ed1076bd\",\"title\":\"Israel-Gaza War\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"israel-gaza-war\",\"path\":\"\/news\/topics\/c2vdnvdg6xxt\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"28ac4448-9f0b-4466-8069-0bdc71b584b1\",\"title\":\"War in Ukraine\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"war-in-ukraine\",\"path\":\"\/news\/war-in-ukraine\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"00ec8320-f402-48c7-9d4c-bc350bf2ca68\",\"title\":\"US \\u0026 Canada\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"us-canada\",\"path\":\"\/news\/us-canada\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"7a9ffa46-c17d-4d26-901c-55044ace2a6f\",\"title\":\"UK\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"uk\",\"path\":\"\/news\/uk\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"0536da23-00b4-4ea4-bcc5-95a2503f0d3e\",\"title\":\"UK Politics\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"uk-politics\",\"path\":\"\/news\/politics\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"c7cc4a32-b8d2-46c9-883d-68de9847259a\",\"title\":\"England\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"england\",\"path\":\"\/news\/england\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"d1c45bb8-63e3-457f-beeb-d306bc799652\",\"title\":\"N. Ireland\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"n-ireland\",\"path\":\"\/news\/northern_ireland\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"1666528a-9b96-405c-8d81-e65e8ab69ce4\",\"title\":\"N. Ireland Politics\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"n-ireland-politics\",\"path\":\"\/news\/northern_ireland\/northern_ireland_politics\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"41d2d732-45ed-4b4c-90fb-4e109801a1c8\",\"title\":\"Scotland\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"scotland\",\"path\":\"\/news\/scotland\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"235550ad-96aa-4ed1-b445-e68c4814ff8b\",\"title\":\"Scotland Politics\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"scotland-politics\",\"path\":\"\/news\/scotland\/scotland_politics\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"210e74c9-01d9-4451-b2f8-fb35bd28e36c\",\"title\":\"Wales\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"wales\",\"path\":\"\/news\/wales\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"d267f59e-1f27-424c-bcb5-850346e5bbfb\",\"title\":\"Wales Politics\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"wales-politics\",\"path\":\"\/news\/wales\/wales_politics\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]}]},{\"id\":\"b755311e-20c9-4b11-88c6-d7cee29acec5\",\"title\":\"Africa\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"africa\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/africa\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"cc73c422-1cba-44e1-a06e-9ac583ec38b5\",\"title\":\"Asia\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"asia\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/asia\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"a45244ce-c7fa-4a87-b12d-4025148d6958\",\"title\":\"China\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"china\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/asia\/china\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"aaf03152-6ec0-4891-9a95-70627491941f\",\"title\":\"India\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"india\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/asia\/india\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"f3422fda-4a75-4a1a-99fe-55c144d964d4\",\"title\":\"Australia\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"australia\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/australia\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"007e787c-d2e0-4109-b628-e1c7b72e2372\",\"title\":\"Europe\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"europe\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/europe\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"23cd81ca-47a5-4de4-a49e-a6c1dae60614\",\"title\":\"Latin America\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"latin-america\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/latin_america\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"3fd9afd8-f7d3-4e65-8ac7-bcaff8aadcbc\",\"title\":\"Middle East\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"middle-east\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/middle_east\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"abe3c48e-18c0-4403-89b6-4b396ea87ad6\",\"title\":\"In Pictures\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"in-pictures\",\"path\":\"\/news\/in_pictures\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"12c78344-b29d-41e3-8b18-bbf35cdbea54\",\"title\":\"BBC InDepth\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"bbc-indepth\",\"path\":\"\/news\/bbcindepth\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"72b7c335-9462-4106-915b-e16174b502e1\",\"title\":\"BBC Verify\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"bbc-verify\",\"path\":\"\/news\/bbcverify\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"a12b1f37-8ea5-44cb-aaba-bae95e31b856\",\"title\":\"Sport\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"sport\",\"path\":\"\/sport\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"58ae309c-8091-457d-8711-50bfe39af632\",\"title\":\"Business\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"business\",\"path\":\"\/business\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"f75f8363-7ce0-444e-8665-387fcbd8699c\",\"title\":\"Executive Lounge\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"executive-lounge\",\"path\":\"\/business\/executive-lounge\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"fbfe26ad-5b8b-466c-8d6f-6a667a24c4b3\",\"title\":\"Technology of Business\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"technology-of-business\",\"path\":\"\/business\/technology-of-business\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"5f7efa7e-7a66-4417-a8f4-a556e0e315a5\",\"title\":\"Future of Business\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"future-of-business\",\"path\":\"\/business\/future-of-business\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"61653fa0-2cdf-4616-b48b-068cd350b30a\",\"title\":\"Innovation\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"64d869be-d71d-4927-8515-b91a93e5a52b\",\"title\":\"Technology\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"technology\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\/technology\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"37a6205c-b6e0-4574-9411-5fd513d4df79\",\"title\":\"Science \\u0026 Health\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"science-health\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\/science\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"4da21a4f-3456-456a-92f6-410e1acf3c9c\",\"title\":\"Artificial Intelligence\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"artificial-intelligence\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\/artificial-intelligence\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"a2577375-5684-46f3-8657-8f29aaf7879e\",\"title\":\"AI v the Mind\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"ai-v-the-mind\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\/ai-v-the-mind\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"3e17c3ef-bac6-45b4-ad0b-c02ae8033596\",\"title\":\"Culture\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"culture\",\"path\":\"\/culture\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"31e81f6d-a35f-43ae-9903-2cd2fedaa9f4\",\"title\":\"Film \\u0026 TV\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"film-tv\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/film-tv\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"dfde5810-d0f9-422c-bb8c-3ebdd1520d00\",\"title\":\"Music\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"music\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/music\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"e3fa6391-b7a4-4e76-9dac-f38fe58f5be6\",\"title\":\"Art \\u0026 Design\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"art-design\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/art\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"2f5f313a-3a79-4eb8-a12f-59172c009412\",\"title\":\"Style\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"style\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/style\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"982102ac-6419-4b9f-b382-49b18c1e9ca9\",\"title\":\"Books\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"books\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/books\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"2eb4d9ca-1098-45e1-829f-0f45a99cacdc\",\"title\":\"Entertainment News\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"entertainment-news\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/entertainment-news\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"d3a54601-db20-4f6f-b531-d701374e2046\",\"title\":\"Arts\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"arts\",\"path\":\"\/arts\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"2d881346-28bc-43da-8e79-7dde8b556d1e\",\"title\":\"Arts in Motion\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"arts-in-motion\",\"path\":\"\/arts\/arts-in-motion\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"26bc879d-bf51-477a-83d6-062fbb78ec26\",\"title\":\"Travel\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"travel\",\"path\":\"\/travel\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"8fc08cb9-0296-4504-9a84-7ca1b139087f\",\"title\":\"Destinations\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"destinations\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"f1c9e919-2dd7-4c8f-baf6-1a3a56cd282e\",\"title\":\"Africa\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"africa\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\/africa\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"39f568b9-f920-40c4-8767-20f5aa83fb1d\",\"title\":\"Antarctica\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"antarctica\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\/antarctica\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"16c9d02d-e13e-4c49-a0ea-a04de1658939\",\"title\":\"Asia\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"asia\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\/asia\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"0cf06dbd-d6a5-4e65-b66e-45b6659af927\",\"title\":\"Australia and Pacific\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"australia-and-pacific\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\/australia-and-pacific\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"e7b01059-7859-40fb-9643-0042ad212016\",\"title\":\"Caribbean \\u0026 Bermuda\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"caribbean-bermuda\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\/caribbean\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"6d7c93b7-f2c1-44a5-aa24-aa281d89b6b2\",\"title\":\"Central America\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"central-america\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\/central-america\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"cf54e94e-c5ef-40b1-88de-471b3c465eba\",\"title\":\"Europe\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"europe\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\/europe\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"a9a87e39-1a41-494c-94da-f7b6789b0c31\",\"title\":\"Middle East\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"middle-east\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\/middle-east\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"f0e3ca70-7b20-47c0-9be3-e3177365ae03\",\"title\":\"North America\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"north-america\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\/north-america\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"a648ba11-c9de-47d0-b834-f5324fe1e73c\",\"title\":\"South America\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"south-america\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\/south-america\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"7ae7f674-60ff-4496-8918-230fcddbf23c\",\"title\":\"World\u2019s Table\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"world\u2019s-table\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/worlds-table\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"ea6067ee-adec-4e26-8e96-bc9211725fb6\",\"title\":\"Culture \\u0026 Experiences\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"culture-experiences\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/cultural-experiences\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"3e703b5b-ba22-4336-ae33-a828005fca2a\",\"title\":\"Adventures\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"adventures\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/adventures\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"90c13b94-81ab-45df-864a-c33262fac9ef\",\"title\":\"The SpeciaList\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"the-specialist\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/specialist\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"29857b55-2209-46f3-ab79-0ef879c8e157\",\"title\":\"Earth\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"earth\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"7d49a603-ecb9-41e9-b25e-949e700464b5\",\"title\":\"Natural Wonders\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"natural-wonders\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\/natural-wonders\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"1f60d671-436d-4a24-8a36-e14c1fdd1e54\",\"title\":\"Weather \\u0026 Science\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"weather-science\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\/weather-science\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"cab8ac9b-c068-4210-8028-8bb8c8d0db05\",\"title\":\"Climate Solutions\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"climate-solutions\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\/solutions\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"11b19770-e683-4496-ba72-9ff0ad5694d5\",\"title\":\"Sustainable Business\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"sustainable-business\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\/sustainable-business\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"5a3db17b-5948-45ed-a6de-52573b0806cd\",\"title\":\"Green Living\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"green-living\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\/green-living\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"39976fa2-573f-4941-8f1c-dbe3c68d010d\",\"title\":\"Audio\",\"isSpecial\":true,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"audio\",\"path\":\"\/audio\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"d043e87e-b6ed-408a-9ef4-1d7e0e41fd9c\",\"title\":\"Podcasts\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"podcasts\",\"path\":\"\/audio\/categories\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"0d79ad0d-8ed4-4267-9494-a675edc59e8d\",\"title\":\"Radio\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"radio\",\"path\":\"\/audio\/stations\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"9c4ff533-5bea-4493-84a1-404dc8a7050a\",\"title\":\"Audio FAQs\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20250207-bbc-podcasts-are-now-available-on-the-bbc-website-and-app\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"9fd9b956-9ca0-4158-bea4-b3608a46bb1b\",\"title\":\"Video\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"video\",\"path\":\"\/video\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"e4f0733a-b3cf-4df8-9264-f85c2ad0ef6b\",\"title\":\"Live\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"live\",\"path\":\"\/live\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"9839dd61-36d9-426e-8b64-bb98009e0233\",\"title\":\"Live News\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"live-news\",\"path\":\"\/live\/news\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"f2646029-fbf5-41be-9be4-80f40295ca92\",\"title\":\"Live Sport\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"live-sport\",\"path\":\"\/live\/sport\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]}],\"hamburgerNavigation\":[{\"id\":\"2bc2cfea-b01f-46dc-9f62-df19d90819f1\",\"title\":\"Home\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"home\",\"path\":\"\/home\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"5c92a541-2489-4ed1-bba2-799fbc070b24\",\"title\":\"News\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"news\",\"path\":\"\/news\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"da01857f-dbd7-4b2a-8015-0d1c82209c72\",\"title\":\"News\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"news\",\"path\":\"\/news\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"b5f7e252-f883-43a1-b3a3-94fda20258bf\",\"title\":\"Israel-Gaza War\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"c2vdnvdg6xxt\",\"path\":\"\/news\/topics\/c2vdnvdg6xxt\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"2154b220-cb87-465b-a308-5be14671acde\",\"title\":\"War in Ukraine\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"war-in-ukraine\",\"path\":\"\/news\/war-in-ukraine\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"71c01111-503d-4e1e-acd0-0439c3e733b8\",\"title\":\"US \\u0026 Canada\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"us-canada\",\"path\":\"\/news\/us-canada\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"f58e5be1-b58c-415a-b0c3-5ab6591698f5\",\"title\":\"UK\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"uk\",\"path\":\"\/news\/uk\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"aafa4008-db60-40b0-87be-47f689ebd8b1\",\"title\":\"UK\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"uk\",\"path\":\"\/news\/uk\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"c96a2af0-7904-4fba-9a7c-29c9ef590074\",\"title\":\"England\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"england\",\"path\":\"\/news\/england\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"231612a6-ddcd-43c8-b050-678928dab18e\",\"title\":\"N. Ireland\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"northern_ireland\",\"path\":\"\/news\/northern_ireland\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"0a7f67d5-f319-45a3-8211-4b37ccbab770\",\"title\":\"Scotland\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"scotland\",\"path\":\"\/news\/scotland\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"b284efa7-c62b-4bf9-ba64-907c7b56c623\",\"title\":\"Wales\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"wales\",\"path\":\"\/news\/wales\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"6db1d3ee-6997-4d7c-8b70-c3ac6a372148\",\"title\":\"UK Nations and Regions\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/regions\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"6d5452a4-2f7c-4151-b978-ab14b3ceffc5\",\"title\":\"Africa\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"africa\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/africa\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"904e75aa-5e89-4650-966e-a3677dd823c0\",\"title\":\"Asia\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"asia\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/asia\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"a5d5d6e4-9f2d-4c14-be37-dd4df7a560d9\",\"title\":\"Australia\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"australia\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/australia\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"d9634659-3a56-435d-8385-6dce224d55d9\",\"title\":\"Europe\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"europe\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/europe\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"857cf28a-e43b-4206-a968-b45a7b978f2a\",\"title\":\"Latin America\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"latin_america\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/latin_america\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"ab0c5345-6057-4d53-8e1e-6f61af73c76c\",\"title\":\"Middle East\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"middle_east\",\"path\":\"\/news\/world\/middle_east\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"c9cd74e8-e058-4ed9-ae76-598ce16edd7e\",\"title\":\"In Pictures\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"in_pictures\",\"path\":\"\/news\/in_pictures\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"219f3229-89eb-4acd-b2af-113373e138d8\",\"title\":\"BBC InDepth\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"bbcindepth\",\"path\":\"\/news\/bbcindepth\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"4cf27af6-8a9c-41a8-8c11-24956a7f4d19\",\"title\":\"BBC Verify\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"bbcverify\",\"path\":\"\/news\/bbcverify\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"b1d0e2ed-d2ff-425a-8e32-a6f0060db384\",\"title\":\"Sport\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"sport\",\"path\":\"\/sport\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"4ce466e3-1eb7-47a3-84f8-0420cd087cc4\",\"title\":\"Business\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"business\",\"path\":\"\/business\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"0c84a4a0-81ab-4e84-a188-6a649eb1ba7d\",\"title\":\"Business\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"business\",\"path\":\"\/business\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"72846bf8-150c-490e-9d1d-a4efed10fd14\",\"title\":\"Executive Lounge\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"executive-lounge\",\"path\":\"\/business\/executive-lounge\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"9903ae7e-b90a-4056-8b9c-0dcd13e07eba\",\"title\":\"Technology of Business\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"technology-of-business\",\"path\":\"\/business\/technology-of-business\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"ae086518-8aac-4165-a082-79833cff32bf\",\"title\":\"Future of Business\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"future-of-business\",\"path\":\"\/business\/future-of-business\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"5677ffab-fea6-438f-942a-c36c58c97afe\",\"title\":\"Innovation\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"d480a872-8917-4b11-a2e9-bbcbf9f2ed21\",\"title\":\"Innovation\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"0e43bfe2-db51-40a9-b423-378e11d736d5\",\"title\":\"Technology\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"technology\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\/technology\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"d120e5c1-b098-469e-91c4-933ff6b8de2b\",\"title\":\"Science \\u0026 Health\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"science\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\/science\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"e034605f-ce02-4d01-882f-806322431a1a\",\"title\":\"AI v the Mind\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"ai-v-the-mind\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\/ai-v-the-mind\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"4469c10b-7134-4868-9f43-298dd31b3be8\",\"title\":\"Artificial Intelligence\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"artificial-intelligence\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\/artificial-intelligence\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"bf3d8700-3b91-47f9-b8e9-705e5696eb20\",\"title\":\"Culture\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"culture\",\"path\":\"\/culture\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"a44625bd-2b19-47fb-b7c8-c96f7dac0c83\",\"title\":\"Culture\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"culture\",\"path\":\"\/culture\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"8b2d7b26-cad7-4364-bde5-c592014a3921\",\"title\":\"Film \\u0026 TV\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"film-tv\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/film-tv\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"8a02ac14-ef3a-4087-99f6-01b6ec8fc24d\",\"title\":\"Music\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"music\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/music\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"50efd867-8028-4b50-9f5e-eac200f82957\",\"title\":\"Art \\u0026 Design\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"art\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/art\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"5a51157b-91ab-46d0-96ba-5359e0666e60\",\"title\":\"Style\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"style\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/style\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"df5e3f2e-5951-459e-a25b-990121c4e049\",\"title\":\"Books\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"books\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/books\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"cf663bc2-7214-43a3-8903-657a7160dfd8\",\"title\":\"Entertainment News\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"entertainment-news\",\"path\":\"\/culture\/entertainment-news\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"656ad4bb-2046-4063-b6b5-80b1ec5f7d4a\",\"title\":\"Arts\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"arts\",\"path\":\"\/arts\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"43f6b1d0-fa42-4007-9a05-9d3535922aa6\",\"title\":\"Arts\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"arts\",\"path\":\"\/arts\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"3e68d794-07f9-432a-8c9e-30b9ea323dd8\",\"title\":\"Arts in Motion\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"arts-in-motion\",\"path\":\"\/arts\/arts-in-motion\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"e8558082-ff2d-4b2e-b4a3-85175d445550\",\"title\":\"Travel\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"travel\",\"path\":\"\/travel\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"30aa2815-914d-48dc-a4ac-66608c85ca82\",\"title\":\"Travel\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"travel\",\"path\":\"\/travel\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"8c72fd0d-4d89-4f0a-adf1-cd414bb0b91b\",\"title\":\"Destinations\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"destinations\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/destinations\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"49589a29-759c-4ffd-903b-8dde88a170c6\",\"title\":\"World\u2019s Table\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"worlds-table\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/worlds-table\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"daf013e1-ab8c-4092-93b7-89e2148a4824\",\"title\":\"Culture \\u0026 Experiences\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"cultural-experiences\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/cultural-experiences\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"b6160ef2-d202-4cb4-9233-ffcb6280e6cc\",\"title\":\"Adventures\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"adventures\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/adventures\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"0ffd7538-b2b6-4633-909b-b57c9c4bf4a3\",\"title\":\"The SpeciaList\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"specialist\",\"path\":\"\/travel\/specialist\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"25a074f8-8ffc-4757-9cab-12ae2f65ef2a\",\"title\":\"Earth\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"future-planet\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"23ddcb55-5031-4600-825c-5b9ff3a01335\",\"title\":\"Earth\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"future-planet\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"37767345-49bd-49a9-9665-f0cb1d232655\",\"title\":\"Natural Wonders\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"natural-wonders\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\/natural-wonders\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"24f709ce-1e79-4578-a994-ef6443910a39\",\"title\":\"Weather \\u0026 Science\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"weather-science\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\/weather-science\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"2375c268-1362-464a-914b-8ef7cc6e05a0\",\"title\":\"Climate Solutions\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"solutions\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\/solutions\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"ecb4bf54-3e6a-4427-bea2-e6d66d5057e7\",\"title\":\"Sustainable Business\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"sustainable-business\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\/sustainable-business\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"48737522-b167-4c5a-bda6-829ff34ed569\",\"title\":\"Green Living\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"green-living\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\/green-living\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"6ae251de-a4dd-4d37-b684-730a400b4bbf\",\"title\":\"Audio\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"audio\",\"path\":\"\/audio\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"1c4d5d80-6d36-4c98-b33d-0dd2e0bdfd3d\",\"title\":\"Audio\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"audio\",\"path\":\"\/audio\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"b6fa1a0b-ac37-4e82-a242-b29377fdada6\",\"title\":\"Podcasts\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"categories\",\"path\":\"\/audio\/categories\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"05b7aaf0-9fed-4480-941d-3992f5e9fcf9\",\"title\":\"Radio\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"stations\",\"path\":\"\/audio\/stations\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"48545410-0f8c-4619-899c-0f52277cd045\",\"title\":\"Audio FAQs\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20250207-bbc-podcasts-are-now-available-on-the-bbc-website-and-app\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"2b3f98f5-6f6f-498d-9819-132dee52d85f\",\"title\":\"Video\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"video\",\"path\":\"\/video\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"3ad5d39b-89cb-49b2-af83-eea99b031a6e\",\"title\":\"Live\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"live\",\"path\":\"\/live\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[{\"id\":\"479ed4e4-d301-4abb-acc6-6ab2643ceb26\",\"title\":\"Live\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"live\",\"path\":\"\/live\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"e3e4f32c-a6bc-4659-a4ee-e0d3dd3fe8f4\",\"title\":\"Live News\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"news\",\"path\":\"\/live\/news\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"fecb67bf-be13-4151-86a5-8731685fc52c\",\"title\":\"Live Sport\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"sport\",\"path\":\"\/live\/sport\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}]},{\"id\":\"1de43732-7857-4662-aafe-ebcff4c04fee\",\"title\":\"Weather\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]},{\"id\":\"2b2287cc-5f22-4cfc-805c-9069c1d26a53\",\"title\":\"Newsletters\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/newsletters\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\",\"subMenus\":[]}],\"footer\":{\"contentLinks\":[{\"id\":\"095f0f1f-04a5-4425-b6ee-b81689172827\",\"title\":\"Home\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"07ac981c-bf46-4efa-80e3-97ed4192f8a4\",\"title\":\"News\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"news\",\"path\":\"\/news\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"40401247-b85f-498d-b4a7-2caaf19e95ab\",\"title\":\"Sport\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"sport\",\"path\":\"\/sport\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"030f88c6-c9cd-411e-8091-c2b377cd41c6\",\"title\":\"Business\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"business\",\"path\":\"\/business\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"7312b8a8-7899-4ae9-9a1d-0457b186b397\",\"title\":\"Innovation\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"innovation\",\"path\":\"\/innovation\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"6c5e219f-fb9e-40dd-b9e8-b510fd488ab5\",\"title\":\"Culture\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"culture\",\"path\":\"\/culture\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"f253ae75-8300-4b4f-87c2-85b983c9852d\",\"title\":\"Arts\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"arts\",\"path\":\"\/arts\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"40709eea-15ba-4dd5-941a-49a383088f4a\",\"title\":\"Travel\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"travel\",\"path\":\"\/travel\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"57f8d4d6-296d-41c6-98e5-1288a0e04e4a\",\"title\":\"Earth\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"future-planet\",\"path\":\"\/future-planet\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"cc37dfd9-70d7-409d-8879-0bf6a67b23a2\",\"title\":\"Audio\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"audio\",\"path\":\"\/audio\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"a4404c98-904b-4a90-81a6-ed44ee8c6b76\",\"title\":\"Video\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"video\",\"path\":\"\/video\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"fd102dc5-d833-4ca7-99eb-d570fe191adf\",\"title\":\"Live\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"slug\":\"live\",\"path\":\"\/live\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"077472a4-5f51-4ab7-8875-4c459c147989\",\"title\":\"Weather\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"67b9fe93-10e3-45a1-8bff-a9da50233dfe\",\"title\":\"BBC Shop\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/shop.bbc.com\/\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"}],\"languages\":[{\"id\":\"428feb76-42f2-470a-b6b7-6bc019157e95\",\"title\":\"Oduu Afaan Oromootiin\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/afaanoromoo\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"6752fb12-4204-420e-9c7f-2956e7236954\",\"title\":\"Amharic \u12dc\u1293 \u1260\u12a0\u121b\u122d\u129b\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/amharic\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"eedaed36-4f2b-4e01-8ad6-3e38c09295e5\",\"title\":\"Arabic \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"b369de0d-061b-4493-bc90-ce03fe749430\",\"title\":\"Azeri AZ\u018fRBAYCAN\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/azeri\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"2e9d5226-6b85-4df2-a615-5331dabf7578\",\"title\":\"Bangla \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/bengali\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"74540a10-5616-46e6-9ab3-4064d80e4935\",\"title\":\"Burmese \u1019\u103c\u1014\u103a\u1019\u102c\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/burmese\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"0c7e570d-2bf1-4202-8c72-baf4d3867c34\",\"title\":\"Chinese \u4e2d\u6587\u7f51\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/zhongwen\/simp\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"2fce7c3f-ff68-4369-8c0a-16b5ceaa39d8\",\"title\":\"French AFRIQUE\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/afrique\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"ae6da8b0-6bc7-4744-a455-45b41e2c3667\",\"title\":\"Hausa HAUSA\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/hausa\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"02023996-af6e-4dd9-8bfd-f63ecc1b4551\",\"title\":\"Hindi \u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0940\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/hindi\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"a02f6e23-ab93-4fc8-830d-c4e52f6f2356\",\"title\":\"Gaelic NAIDHEACHDAN\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/naidheachdan\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"5922c1f6-6d6c-40a7-a23c-1bdde5d2440b\",\"title\":\"Gujarati \u0a97\u0ac1\u0a9c\u0ab0\u0abe\u0aa4\u0ac0\u0aae\u0abe\u0a82 \u0ab8\u0aae\u0abe\u0a9a\u0abe\u0ab0\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/gujarati\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"b8835788-06cc-44ed-9d9a-07e28cb981a2\",\"title\":\"Igbo AK\u1ee4K\u1ecc N\u2019IGBO\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/igbo\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"5fa8b6b4-2ab1-41fe-bd04-e0c84d12d195\",\"title\":\"Indonesian INDONESIA\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/indonesia\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"6d86f01b-16b8-41a1-be9b-6a717a213b62\",\"title\":\"Japanese \u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/japanese\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"fd8cae2a-4d2f-41ba-b90f-7b7ac239fc3a\",\"title\":\"Kinyarwanda GAHUZA\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/gahuza\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"15298fb9-fd7c-4ef4-b477-a806b6b321c6\",\"title\":\"Kirundi KIRUNDI\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/gahuza\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"dee81443-0305-41b3-8e07-8ec2ef951a93\",\"title\":\"Korean \ud55c\uad6d\uc5b4\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/korean\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"2af67054-9750-45be-b143-7f2746c5a3d5\",\"title\":\"Kyrgyz \u041a\u044b\u0440\u0433\u044b\u0437\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/kyrgyz\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"a484f61e-863a-4b21-b10b-c824a863c735\",\"title\":\"Marathi \u092e\u0930\u093e\u0920\u0940\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/marathi\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"b2cd2090-772d-4485-83e2-78b1511e24d1\",\"title\":\"Nepali \u0928\u0947\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0940\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/nepali\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"fde0fc08-e4c5-4088-bc8c-d8c6edf5c05f\",\"title\":\"Noticias para hispanoparlantes\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/mundo\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"6dbe221f-8507-4bb3-a636-f5c90acb2770\",\"title\":\"Pashto \u067e\u069a\u062a\u0648\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/pashto\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"56bd2954-5dc1-492e-a055-54437d078a0d\",\"title\":\"Persian \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/persian\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"6f621f63-7269-4e1b-8adb-0449131652a4\",\"title\":\"Pidgin\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/pidgin\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"46ca4edf-fae1-4b17-9ace-e735c07091dd\",\"title\":\"Portuguese BRASIL\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/portuguese\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"70036dd3-3cca-460a-8625-bdad58e7311d\",\"title\":\"Punjabi \u0a2a\u0a70\u0a1c\u0a3e\u0a2c\u0a40 \u0a16\u0a3c\u0a2c\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a02\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/punjabi\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"79b87012-3a7d-42ee-a6e5-ac7674e91b03\",\"title\":\"Russian \u041d\u0410 \u0420\u0423\u0421\u0421\u041a\u041e\u041c\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/russian\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"df911cfe-ac3a-4601-9a05-4b0cd1bf9a6f\",\"title\":\"Serbian NA SRPSKOM\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/serbian\/lat\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"5917a9f6-c6f4-4bdf-b963-6632b78a5bd1\",\"title\":\"Sinhala \u0dc3\u0dd2\u0d82\u0dc4\u0dbd\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/sinhala\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"7447130d-c54b-4cd5-96d8-139d71d865c4\",\"title\":\"Somali SOMALI\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/somali\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"09606246-47ab-4542-be01-d836f833e531\",\"title\":\"Swahili HABARI KWA KISWAHILI\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/swahili\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"7e36130e-c4f0-4835-a5c4-d01838511647\",\"title\":\"Tamil \u0ba4\u0bae\u0bbf\u0bb4\u0bbf\u0bb2\u0bcd \u0b9a\u0bc6\u0baf\u0bcd\u0ba4\u0bbf\u0b95\u0bb3\u0bcd\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/tamil\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"6551785b-53cf-43ab-a152-58c709f4f50c\",\"title\":\"Telugu \u0c24\u0c46\u0c32\u0c41\u0c17\u0c41 \u0c35\u0c3e\u0c30\u0c4d\u0c24\u0c32\u0c41\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/telugu\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"53bc9922-d259-435a-91c6-b45fdfd98998\",\"title\":\"Thai \u0e02\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/thai\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"2f97436c-2907-40fb-a803-57969b468bf4\",\"title\":\"Tigrinya \u12dc\u1293 \u1265\u1275\u130d\u122d\u129b\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/tigrinya\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"b13f6e7b-9ab8-4598-8021-9f0c6d8f0654\",\"title\":\"Turkish T\u00dcRK\u00c7E\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/turkce\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"0fa4e79b-6941-4f5e-9c2c-d78d33c02748\",\"title\":\"Ukrainian \u0423\u041a\u0420\u0410\u0407\u041d\u0421\u042c\u041aA\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/ukrainian\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"aed7e5c2-8aee-44fd-9f18-097e229299fe\",\"title\":\"Urdu \u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/urdu\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"6cae3623-95b4-4b41-8326-a1eecc3c33e8\",\"title\":\"Uzbek O'ZBEK\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/uzbek\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"2afcc70d-5167-44e3-82a8-2475317d8dbd\",\"title\":\"Vietnamese TI\u1ebeNG VI\u1ec6T\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/vietnamese\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"562875d1-9257-4802-b6e1-aa0f294e2c05\",\"title\":\"Welsh NEWYDDION\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/cymrufyw\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"ba81fc9f-da70-41bf-9a39-044980fbe6f6\",\"title\":\"Yoruba \u00ccR\u00d2Y\u00ccN N\u00cd YOR\u00d9B\u00c1\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/yoruba\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"}],\"legalLinks\":[{\"id\":\"a13f4673-d059-4003-b331-2124047fdb73\",\"title\":\"Terms of Use\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/usingthebbc\/terms\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"d9916b56-e2a3-4d22-a13e-03f64ff7b5d9\",\"title\":\"About the BBC\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/aboutthebbc\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"4fc6ae22-07cf-465b-9347-6c92a7e76007\",\"title\":\"Privacy Policy\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/usingthebbc\/privacy\/\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"4ed0165b-fabd-40c4-844d-a6c1846aa9b8\",\"title\":\"Cookies\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/usingthebbc\/cookies\/\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"4026d67c-36c3-4b5f-8ac0-d56bb453baa8\",\"title\":\"Accessibility Help\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/accessibility\/\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"d2b37ad1-b43c-4e28-be0f-673c4c2702e2\",\"title\":\"Contact the BBC\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/contact\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"eb197441-cd5c-47b8-8246-88b39c35edb1\",\"title\":\"Advertise with us\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/advertisingcontact\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"4a57cf6e-6798-4d1f-85e0-76cf5f4676d8\",\"title\":\"Do not share or sell my info\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":true,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/usingthebbc\/cookies\/how-can-i-change-my-bbc-cookie-settings\/\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"},{\"id\":\"200d11e4-bfed-450a-a323-8be30e6d3413\",\"title\":\"Contact technical support\",\"isSpecial\":false,\"inOverlay\":false,\"externalUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/contact-bbc-com-help\",\"externalTarget\":\"_self\"}],\"languageButtonText\":\"BBC in other languages\",\"languageHeadline\":\"The BBC is in multiple languages\",\"languageSubHeadline\":\"Read the BBC In your own language\",\"legalTextContent\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Copyright current_year BBC. All rights reserved.\u00a0\u00a0The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.\u00a0Read about our approach to external linking.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Copyright current_year BBC. All rights reserved.\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The\",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" BBC \",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"is\",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" not responsible for the content of external sites.\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" not responsible for the content of external sites.\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/editorialguidelines\/guidance\/feeds-and-links\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Read about our approach to external linking.\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}],\"legalText\":\"[{\\\"type\\\":\\\"paragraph\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\"Copyright current_year BBC. All rights reserved.\u00a0\u00a0The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.\u00a0Read about our approach to external linking.\\\",\\\"blocks\\\":[{\\\"type\\\":\\\"fragment\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\"Copyright current_year BBC. All rights reserved.\u00a0\\\",\\\"attributes\\\":[]}},{\\\"type\\\":\\\"fragment\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\"\u00a0\\\",\\\"attributes\\\":[\\\"italic\\\"]}},{\\\"type\\\":\\\"fragment\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\"The\\\",\\\"attributes\\\":[]}},{\\\"type\\\":\\\"fragment\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\" BBC \\\",\\\"attributes\\\":[\\\"italic\\\"]}},{\\\"type\\\":\\\"fragment\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\"is\\\",\\\"attributes\\\":[]}},{\\\"type\\\":\\\"fragment\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\" not responsible for the content of external sites.\\\",\\\"attributes\\\":[\\\"italic\\\"]}},{\\\"type\\\":\\\"fragment\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\"\u00a0\\\",\\\"attributes\\\":[]}},{\\\"type\\\":\\\"urlLink\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\" not responsible for the content of external sites.\\\",\\\"locator\\\":\\\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/editorialguidelines\/guidance\/feeds-and-links\\\",\\\"blocks\\\":[{\\\"type\\\":\\\"fragment\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\"Read about our approach to external linking.\\\",\\\"attributes\\\":[\\\"bold\\\"]}}]}}]}},{\\\"type\\\":\\\"paragraph\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\"\u00a0\\\",\\\"blocks\\\":[{\\\"type\\\":\\\"fragment\\\",\\\"model\\\":{\\\"text\\\":\\\"\u00a0\\\",\\\"attributes\\\":[]}}]}}]\"},\"worldNewsTvPath\":null,\"worldNewsTvScheduleId\":null,\"worldNewsFullScheduleUrl\":null,\"flagPoles\":{\"ops\":{\"Metadata\":{\"FlagpoleBucketPrefix\":\"\",\"FlagpoleDate\":\"31 Jul 24 08:19 UTC\",\"FlagpoleFileID\":\"gn-flagpoles\/gnlops\",\"FlagpoleIdentity\":\"gnlops\",\"FlagpoleSystem\":\"gn-flagpoles\",\"Guid\":\"8dfe60a2-4322-411c-8a71-04dc7084fec4\",\"urn\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnflagpoles:gnlops:gn-flagpoles\/gnlops\"},\"Urn\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnflagpoles:gnlops:gn-flagpoles\/gnlops\",\"adverts\":\"true\",\"analytics\":\"true\",\"wwhp_feeds\":\"true\",\"wwhp_obituary\":\"false\",\"xproxy\":\"false\",\"zephr\":\"false\",\"zephrx\":\"true\"},\"ngas\":{\"Metadata\":{\"FlagpoleBucketPrefix\":\"\",\"FlagpoleDate\":\"03 Feb 25 09:02 UTC\",\"FlagpoleFileID\":\"gn-flagpoles\/ngas\",\"FlagpoleIdentity\":\"ngas\",\"FlagpoleSystem\":\"gn-flagpoles\",\"Guid\":\"e229d810-0dcd-45f0-a61b-ff6a4178aff7\",\"urn\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnflagpoles:ngas:gn-flagpoles\/ngas\"},\"Urn\":\"urn:pubpipe:gnflagpoles:ngas:gn-flagpoles\/ngas\",\"aps\":\"true\",\"banner\":\"true\",\"beta\":\"true\",\"brandmetrics\":\"false\",\"cmp\":\"true\",\"comscoremmx\":\"true\",\"comscoremmxeea\":\"true\",\"content_rec\":\"true\",\"covatic\":\"true\",\"covatic_admeta\":\"true\",\"doubleverify\":\"true\",\"fedid\":\"true\",\"fedid_all\":\"true\",\"fedid_google\":\"true\",\"fedid_permutive\":\"true\",\"fedid_piano\":\"true\",\"fedid_signed\":\"true\",\"fpd\":\"true\",\"gpp\":\"true\",\"grapeshot\":\"false\",\"ias_publisher\":\"false\",\"load_gpt\":\"true\",\"name\":\"ngas\",\"native_size\":\"true\",\"newadunit\":\"true\",\"newkeys\":\"true\",\"nielsen\":\"true\",\"ozone\":\"true\",\"permutive\":\"true\",\"permutive_cohort\":\"true\",\"piano\":\"false\",\"speedcurve\":\"true\",\"spo\":\"true\",\"survey\":\"true\",\"surveyx\":\"true\",\"tmt_media_filter\":\"true\",\"version\":\"1.28\"}},\"isMobileWebview\":false,\"os\":{\"name\":null,\"version\":null},\"browser\":{\"name\":null,\"version\":null},\"rolexPlaylistPath\":\"\/arts\/arts-in-motion\",\"rolexSponsorClipId\":\"p0g364b3\",\"rolexSponsorClipIdSummary\":\"Advertisement\",\"metadata\":{\"contributor\":\"By Amanda Ruggeri\",\"contributors\":\"By Amanda Ruggeri\",\"description\":\"A lack of this vital nutrient is one of the world's leading causes of disability \u2013 but exactly when it becomes a problem, and the best way to treat it, remains unclear.\",\"firstPublished\":1741860000000,\"lastPublished\":1741860000000,\"lastUpdated\":1741860908317,\"indexImage\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"(Credit: Getty Images)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"(Credit: Getty Images)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Red blood cells as seen under a microscope (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Red blood cells as seen under a microscope (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"height\":1080,\"width\":1920,\"locator\":\"\/p0kxplym.jpg\",\"originCode\":\"ic\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\"}}],\"alt\":\"Red blood cells as seen under a microscope (Credit: Getty Images)\",\"originalSrc\":\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/live-galileo-interface-mt-resources-imagebucket-1a92e5tj3b5d6\/p0\/kx\/pl\/p0kxplym.jpg\",\"iChefRecipe\":\"https:\/\/ychef.files.bbci.co.uk\/$recipe\/p0kxplym.jpg\",\"width\":1920,\"height\":1080,\"isEditorialImage\":true},\"seoHeadline\":\"The global challenge of iron deficiency \u2013 and why scientists can't agree if supplements are the answer\",\"promoHeadline\":\"The global challenge of iron deficiency\",\"section\":{\"name\":\"\",\"uri\":\"\"},\"options\":{\"allowAdvertising\":true,\"suitableForSyndication\":true},\"wordCount\":2560},\"pageKey\":\"@\\\"future\\\",\\\"article\\\",\\\"20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\\\",\",\"type\":\"article\",\"subtype\":\"features\",\"slug\":[\"future\",\"article\",\"20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\"],\"analytics\":{\"producer\":\"GNL_FUTURE\",\"language\":\"en-gb\",\"publicationDate\":\"1741860000000\",\"pubUpdateDate\":\"1741860000000\",\"contentId\":\"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:future\/article\/20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\",\"section\":\"\",\"name\":\"future.article.20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements.page\"}},\"__N_SSP\":true},\"page\":\"\/[[...slug]]\",\"query\":{\"slug\":[\"future\",\"article\",\"20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements\"]},\"buildId\":\"NBZWyAsf3cVuolCnoiTKC\",\"assetPrefix\":\"\/bbcx\",\"isFallback\":false,\"gssp\":true,\"customServer\":true,\"appGip\":true,\"scriptLoader\":[]}<\/script><\/body><\/html>","url":"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20250312-the-debate-over-when-to-take-iron-supplements"}}