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C18.1129054,17.2209385 19.2307946,18.0434943 19.2307946,19.6881614 C19.2307946,20.4602728 18.9370167,21.0518285 18.3496832,21.4629397 C17.7622386,21.8743843 16.9216828,22.0797177 15.8286825,22.0797177 L15.8286825,22.0797177 L12.6469038,22.0797177 L12.6469038,17.2209385 Z M55.412572,9.92028073 C57.3541282,9.92028073 58.3252396,10.6338365 58.3252396,12.0600591 C58.3252396,12.7988371 58.0763506,13.373504 57.5786838,13.7846152 C57.0807948,14.1960598 56.3587946,14.4013932 55.412572,14.4013932 L55.412572,14.4013932 L52.6469046,14.4013932 L52.6469046,9.92028073 Z M15.4125601,9.92028073 C17.3541163,9.92028073 18.3252277,10.6338365 18.3252277,12.0600591 C18.3252277,12.7988371 18.0762276,13.373504 17.5786719,13.7846152 C17.0807829,14.1960598 16.3587826,14.4013932 15.4125601,14.4013932 L15.4125601,14.4013932 L12.6468927,14.4013932 L12.6468927,9.92028073 Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-7 kMdlAO\"><\/div><\/div><\/header><nav 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data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Business<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/innovation\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Innovation<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/culture\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Culture<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/arts\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Arts<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/travel\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Travel<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Earth<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 kkeorx\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/audio\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Audio<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/video\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Video<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/live\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Live<\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/section><\/nav><noscript><details class=\"sc-c8fbcff-0 jLNykE\"><summary class=\"sc-c8fbcff-2 glQTWZ\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" category=\"actions\" icon=\"list-view-text\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M1 7.5h30V1.9H1v5.6zm0 22.6h30v-5.6H1v5.6zm0-11.3h30v-5.6H1v5.6z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/summary><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 kPEgTc\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/home\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Home<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">News<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/topics\/c2vdnvdg6xxt\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Israel-Gaza War<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/war-in-ukraine\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">War in Ukraine<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/us-canada\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">US & Canada<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/uk\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">UK<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/politics\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">UK Politics<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/england\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">England<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/northern_ireland\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">N. Ireland<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/northern_ireland\/northern_ireland_politics\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">N. Ireland Politics<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bLMSxz\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/scotland\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Scotland<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/scotland\/scotland_politics\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Scotland Politics<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bLMSxz\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/wales\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Wales<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/wales\/wales_politics\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Wales Politics<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bLMSxz\"><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/africa\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Africa<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/asia\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Asia<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/asia\/china\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">China<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/asia\/india\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">India<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/australia\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Australia<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/europe\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Europe<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/latin_america\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Latin America<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/middle_east\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Middle East<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/in_pictures\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">In Pictures<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/bbcindepth\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">BBC InDepth<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/bbcverify\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">BBC Verify<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/sport\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Sport<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/business\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Business<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/business\/executive-lounge\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Executive Lounge<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/business\/technology-of-business\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Technology of Business<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/business\/future-of-business\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Future of Business<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Innovation<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\/technology\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Technology<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\/science\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Science & Health<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\/artificial-intelligence\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Artificial Intelligence<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\/ai-v-the-mind\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">AI v the Mind<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Culture<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/film-tv\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Film & TV<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/music\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Music<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/art\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Art & Design<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/style\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Style<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/books\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Books<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/entertainment-news\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Entertainment News<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/arts\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Arts<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/arts\/arts-in-motion\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Arts in Motion<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Travel<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Destinations<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/africa\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Africa<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/antarctica\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Antarctica<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/asia\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Asia<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/australia-and-pacific\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Australia and Pacific<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/caribbean\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Caribbean & Bermuda<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/central-america\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Central America<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/europe\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Europe<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/middle-east\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Middle East<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/north-america\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">North America<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/south-america\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">South America<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/worlds-table\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">World\u2019s Table<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/cultural-experiences\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Culture & Experiences<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/adventures\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Adventures<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/specialist\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">The SpeciaList<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Earth<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/natural-wonders\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Natural Wonders<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/weather-science\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Weather & Science<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/solutions\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Climate Solutions<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/sustainable-business\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Sustainable Business<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/green-living\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Green Living<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/audio\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Audio<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/audio\/categories\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Podcasts<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/audio\/stations\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Radio<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/undefined\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Audio FAQs<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/video\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Video<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/live\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Live<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/live\/news\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Live News<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/live\/sport\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Live Sport<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/details><\/noscript><div data-testid=\"backdrop\" class=\"sc-3192fecd-0 irQldJ\"><\/div><div data-testid=\"drawer-background\" direction=\"left\" class=\"sc-bcd5a959-0 dCOsAv\"><div class=\"sc-c2aa8288-0 fAkitL\"><div class=\"sc-c2aa8288-6 ioPLtn\"><div data-testid=\"search-input-wrapper\" class=\"sc-e1a87ea7-0 emMBqr\"><input type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Search news, topics and more\" data-testid=\"search-input-field\" class=\"sc-e1a87ea7-1 clPMUF\" 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data-testid=\"byline-new-contributors\" class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-12 fcCDwR\"><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-5 evAEAB\"><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-6 boFwIm\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/717a\/live\/c5a78d10-fff4-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/717a\/live\/c5a78d10-fff4-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/717a\/live\/c5a78d10-fff4-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/717a\/live\/c5a78d10-fff4-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/717a\/live\/c5a78d10-fff4-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/717a\/live\/c5a78d10-fff4-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/717a\/live\/c5a78d10-fff4-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/717a\/live\/c5a78d10-fff4-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Esme Stallard profile image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><div><span class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-7 kItaYD\">Esme Stallard<\/span><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-8 bTSIhT\"><span>Climate and Science Reporter<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-4 ffcVEa\"><button disabled=\"\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Share\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 oYtVL dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 dMpdqo\"><svg width=\"12\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 14\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" category=\"social\" icon=\"share\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M9.51768 8.96851C8.95518 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aria-label=\"Save\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 iQJDhl cCYQUA kItbpD\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 dMpdqo\"><svg width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 14\" category=\"account\" icon=\"saved-items-outlined\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M5.99996 9.43351L9.46496 11.0741L9.46496 2.0125L2.53496 2.0125L2.53496 11.0741L5.99996 9.43351ZM0.959961 13.5625L0.959961 0.4375L11.04 0.4375L11.04 13.5625L5.99996 11.1761L0.959961 13.5625Z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span data-testid=\"button-text\" aria-hidden=\"false\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-1 eihkAj\">Save<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 EXUng\"><div data-testid=\"hero-image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/c87b\/live\/25dc0340-001e-11f0-a8b1-950887ddc6e5.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/c87b\/live\/25dc0340-001e-11f0-a8b1-950887ddc6e5.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/c87b\/live\/25dc0340-001e-11f0-a8b1-950887ddc6e5.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/c87b\/live\/25dc0340-001e-11f0-a8b1-950887ddc6e5.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/c87b\/live\/25dc0340-001e-11f0-a8b1-950887ddc6e5.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/c87b\/live\/25dc0340-001e-11f0-a8b1-950887ddc6e5.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/c87b\/live\/25dc0340-001e-11f0-a8b1-950887ddc6e5.png.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/c87b\/live\/25dc0340-001e-11f0-a8b1-950887ddc6e5.png.webp\" loading=\"eager\" alt=\"BBC A montage image showing a black and white headshot of Trump on the left, and a red treated image of chemical symbols for Cobalt and Lithium\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">BBC<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><b id=\"donald-trump's-return-to-the-white-house-is-a-"major-blow-to-global-climate-action".-so-said-christiana-figueres,-the-former-un-climate-chief,-after-he-was-elected-in-november.\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">Donald Trump's return to the White House is a "major blow to global climate action". So said Christiana Figueres, the former UN climate chief, after he was elected in November.<\/b><\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Since taking office Trump has withdrawn the US from what is considered the most important global climate pact, the Paris Climate Agreement. He has also reportedly prevented US scientists from participating in international climate research and removed national electric vehicle targets.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Plus he derided his predecessor's attempts to develop new green technology a "green new scam".<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">And yet despite his history on the issue of climate, Trump has been eager to make a deal with the Ukrainian president on critical minerals. He has also taken a strong interest in Greenland and Canada \u2013 both nations rich in critical minerals.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_1\" id=\"dotcom-mid_1\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/583e\/live\/1ceca320-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/583e\/live\/1ceca320-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/583e\/live\/1ceca320-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/583e\/live\/1ceca320-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/583e\/live\/1ceca320-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/583e\/live\/1ceca320-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/583e\/live\/1ceca320-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/583e\/live\/1ceca320-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Getty Images U.S. President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky meet in the Oval Office at the White House on February 28, 2025\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">President Trump has been eager to make a deal with the Ukrainian president on critical minerals<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Critical mineral procurement has been a major focus for Trump since he took office. These minerals are crucial in industries including aerospace and defence, but intriguingly, they have another major use too - to manufacture green technology.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">So, could Trump's focus on obtaining these minerals have a knock-on effect and help unlock the US's potential in the green technology sector?<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_2\" id=\"dotcom-mid_2\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\">The Elon Musk effect?<\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Trump's right-hand man understands more than most the importance of critical minerals in the green transition. Space X and Tesla \u2013 the companies Elon Musk leads - rely heavily on critical minerals like graphite (in electric vehicles), lithium (in batteries) and nickel (in rockets).<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Dr Elizabeth Holley, associate professor of mining engineering at Colorado School of Mines, explains that each nation has its own list of critical minerals, but they are generally made up of rare earths and other metals like lithium.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">She says demand is booming - in 2023, demand for lithium grew by 30%. This is being driven mostly by the rapid growth in the clean energy and electric vehicle sectors.<\/p><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/ef08\/live\/f99628b0-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/ef08\/live\/f99628b0-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/ef08\/live\/f99628b0-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/ef08\/live\/f99628b0-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/ef08\/live\/f99628b0-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/ef08\/live\/f99628b0-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/ef08\/live\/f99628b0-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/ef08\/live\/f99628b0-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Getty Images Tesla CEO Elon Musk speaks during the official opening of the a Tesla electric car manufacturing plant\n\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">Space X and Tesla rely heavily on critical minerals<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_3\" id=\"dotcom-mid_3\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Within two decades they will make up almost 90% of the demand for lithium, 70% of the demand for cobalt, and 40% for rare earths, according to the International Energy Agency.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Such has been Musk's concern with getting hold of some of these minerals that three years ago he tweeted: "Price of lithium has gone to insane levels! Tesla might actually have to get into the mining & refining directly at scale, unless costs improve."<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">He went on to write that there is no shortage of the element but pace of extraction is slow.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\">The US position in the global race<\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">The weakness of the US position in rare earths and critical minerals (such as cobalt and nickel) was addressed in a report published by a US Government Select Committee in December 2023. It said: "The United States must rethink its policy approach to critical mineral and rare earth element supply chains because of the risks posed by our current dependence on the People's Republic of China."<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Failure to do so, it warned, could cause "defense production to grind to a halt and choke off manufacturing of other advanced technologies".<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">China's dominance in the market has come from its early recognition of the economic opportunities that green technology offers.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"China made a decision about 10 years ago about where the trend was going and has strategically pursued the development of not just renewables but also electric vehicles and now dominates the market," says Bob Ward, policy director at The London School of Economics (LSE) Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_4\" id=\"dotcom-mid_4\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/3377\/live\/1456c2e0-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/3377\/live\/1456c2e0-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/3377\/live\/1456c2e0-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/3377\/live\/1456c2e0-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/3377\/live\/1456c2e0-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/3377\/live\/1456c2e0-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/3377\/live\/1456c2e0-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/3377\/live\/1456c2e0-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Getty Images A ship carrying tons of nickel ore carries out loading and unloading operations in China\n\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">China made a decision years ago about where the trend was going, argues one expert<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Daisy Jennings-Gray, head of prices at price reporting agency Benchmark Mineral Intelligence explains that they are critical minerals because they are geologically restricted. "You cannot guarantee you will have economically recoverable reserves in every country."<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Some minerals like lithium are abundant on Earth but often they are located in difficult to reach places, so the logistics of a mining project can be very expensive. In other cases, there is dependency on one country that produces a large share of global supply \u2013 like cobalt from the The Democratic Republic of Congo. This means that if there is a natural disaster or political unrest it has an impact on the price, says Ms Jennings-Gray.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">China has managed to shore up supply by investing heavily in Africa and South America, but where it really has a stronghold on the market is in processing (or the separation of the mineral from other elements in the rock).<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_5\" id=\"dotcom-mid_5\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/1ba5\/live\/f17a3360-ff32-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/1ba5\/live\/f17a3360-ff32-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/1ba5\/live\/f17a3360-ff32-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/1ba5\/live\/f17a3360-ff32-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/1ba5\/live\/f17a3360-ff32-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/1ba5\/live\/f17a3360-ff32-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/1ba5\/live\/f17a3360-ff32-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/1ba5\/live\/f17a3360-ff32-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Getty Images People working in the Lukushi river in The Democratic Republic of Congo\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">Sometimes there is single nation dependency - like cobalt from the The Democratic Republic of Congo<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"China accounts for 60 percent of global rare earth production but processes nearly 90 percent - [it] is dominant on this stage," says Gracelin Baskaran, director of the critical minerals security program at the Centre for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C. <\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">She says the country understands how important this is in economic trade - a few days after Trump introduced tariffs on China its government hit back by imposing export controls on more than 20 critical minerals including graphite and tungsten.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">What is motivating Trump is a fear of being at a disadvantage, argues Christopher Knittel, professor of applied economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). <\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"I think what is driving this is because China is the dominant player on the processing side," he says. "It is that processing stage, which is the high margin stage of the business, so China is making a lot of money."<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">As he puts it, it is a "happy coincidence" that this could end up supporting green technology.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">The key question though is whether the US is too late to fully capitalise on the sector?<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_6\" id=\"dotcom-mid_6\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\">A stark warning for the US<\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">In the early days, the green transition was "framed as a burden" for countries, according to LSE's Bob Ward. <\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">The Biden administration was highly supportive of green technology industries through its introduction of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) in August 2022, which offers tax credits, loans and other incentives to technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, from battery technologies for electric vehicles to solar panels. <\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">By August 2024 it was estimated to have brought $493bn (\u00a3382bn) of investment to US green industry, according to the think tank Clean Investment Monitor.<\/p><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/84d0\/live\/26c9a960-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/84d0\/live\/26c9a960-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/84d0\/live\/26c9a960-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/84d0\/live\/26c9a960-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/84d0\/live\/26c9a960-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/84d0\/live\/26c9a960-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/84d0\/live\/26c9a960-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/84d0\/live\/26c9a960-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Getty Images Former US President Joe Biden signs The Inflation Reduction Act \n\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">The previous administration was supportive of green technology industries through its introduction of the Inflation Reduction Act<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_7\" id=\"dotcom-mid_7\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">And yet little work was done to support upstream processes like obtaining critical minerals, says Ms Gray from Benchmark Intelligence. Instead, the Biden administration focused heavily on downstream manufacturing - the process of getting products from the manufacturer to the end consumer.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">But Trump's recent moves to procure these critical minerals suggest a focus on the upstream process may now be happening.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"The IRA put a lot of legislation in places to limit trade and supply only from friendly nations.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"Trump is changing tact and looking at securing critical minerals agreements that owes something to the US," explains Ms Gray.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\">Whispers of another executive order<\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">There could be further moves from Trump coming down the line. Those working in the sector say whispers in the corridors of the White House suggest that he may be about to pass a "Critical Minerals Executive Order," which could funnel further investment into this objective.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">The exact details that may be included in the executive order remain unclear, but experts knowledgeable with the issue have said it may include measures to accelerate mining in the US, including fast tracking permits and investment to construct processing plants.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Although work may now be under way to secure these minerals, Prof Willy Shih of Harvard Business School thinks that the US administration lacks understanding of the technical complexity of establishing mineral supply chains, and emphasises the time commitment required. "If you want to build a new mine and processing facility it might take you 10 years."<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_8\" id=\"dotcom-mid_8\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/f793\/live\/01e36730-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/f793\/live\/01e36730-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/f793\/live\/01e36730-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/f793\/live\/01e36730-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/f793\/live\/01e36730-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/f793\/live\/01e36730-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/f793\/live\/01e36730-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/f793\/live\/01e36730-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Getty Images An employee walking in the open-pit mine at a lithium plant \" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">In 2023, lithium demand grew by 30% and rare earths up to 15%<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">As a policy of his predecessor and one that is so obviously pro-climate action, Trump has been vocally opposed to maintaining the IRA. But its success in red states mean that many Republican senators have been trying to convince him to keep it in some form in his proposed "big, beautiful bill" - the plan to pile all of Trump's main policy goals into one mega-bill - due to be revealed later this month.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Analysis by the Clean Investment Monitor shows in the last 18 months Republican-held states had received 77% of the investment.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">MIT's Dr Knittel says for states like Georgia, which has become part of what is now known as the "battery belt" following a boom in battery production following IRA support, these tax credits are crucial for these industries to survive.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">He adds that failure to do so poses a real political threat for US representatives who are up for re-election in less than two years.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">If Trump loses even just one seat to the Democrats in the 2026 mid-terms, then he loses the house majority - limiting his ability to pass key pieces of legislation. <\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_9\" id=\"dotcom-mid_9\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/7f59\/live\/e9ac8520-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/7f59\/live\/e9ac8520-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/7f59\/live\/e9ac8520-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/7f59\/live\/e9ac8520-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/7f59\/live\/e9ac8520-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/7f59\/live\/e9ac8520-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/7f59\/live\/e9ac8520-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/7f59\/live\/e9ac8520-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Getty Images President Donald Trump walks across the South Lawn at the White House \n\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">Since taking office Donald Trump has withdrawn the US from the Paris Climate Agreement<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Carl Fleming was an advisor to former President Biden's Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Advisory Committee and is a partner at law firm McDermott, Will & Emery advising clients in the clean tech and energy space. He says that despite the uncertainty investors remain confident. "In the last month my practice has been busier than ever, and this is since quadrupling last year following the IRA."<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">He also believes that there is a recognition of the need to maintain parts of the IRA \u2013 although this may be alongside expansion of some fossil fuels. "If you are really trying to be America first and energy secure you want to pull on all your levers. Keep solar and keep battery storage going and add more natural gas to release America's energy prowess."<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">But the uncertainty of the US position is little consolation for its absence on the international climate stage, says LSE's Bob Ward. "When the Americans are on the ball it helps to move people in the right direction and that's how we got the Paris Climate Agreement."<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">For those in the climate space Trump is certainly not an environmentalist. What's clear is he is not concerned with making his legacy an environmental one but an economic one - though he could achieve the former if he can be convinced it will boost the economy.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><i id=\"top-picture-credit:-getty-images\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">Top picture credit: Getty Images<\/i><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/bbcindepth\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><i id=\"bbc-indepth\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">BBC InDepth<\/i><\/a><i id=\"is-the-home-on-the-website-and-app-for-the-best-analysis,-with-fresh-perspectives-that-challenge-assumptions-and-deep-reporting-on-the-biggest-issues-of-the-day.-and-we-showcase-thought-provoking-content-from-across-bbc-sounds-and-iplayer-too.-you-can-send-us-your-feedback-on-the-indepth-section-by-clicking-on-the-button-below.\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\"> is the home on the website and app for the best analysis, with fresh perspectives that challenge assumptions and deep reporting on the biggest issues of the day. And we showcase thought-provoking content from across BBC Sounds and iPlayer too. You can send us your feedback on the InDepth section by clicking on the button below.<\/i><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"links-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jVHuOl\"><div class=\"sc-93223220-0 sc-46222299-0 ctbOlq eluqFz\"><span data-testid=\"links-title\" class=\"sc-46222299-2 gdGcRT\">More from InDepth<\/span><div data-testid=\"links-grid\" class=\"sc-93223220-0 sc-46222299-1 hVPZMe jMSIqG\"><div data-testid=\"chester-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/c3rx2drd8x8o\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"chester-article\" class=\"sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 eywmDE\">Will China step up if Trump takes a step back on climate change?<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"chester-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/c24110m30ddo\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"chester-article\" class=\"sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 eywmDE\">In the US, DEI is under attack. But under a different name, it might live on<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"chester-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/c245e726r79o\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"chester-article\" class=\"sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 eywmDE\">Will flights really reach net zero by 2050 - and at what cost to passengers?<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"embed-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jVHuOl\"><\/div><div data-component=\"tags\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jVHuOl\"><div class=\"sc-4b0aaa-0 dGavUm\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/topics\/c302m85q53mt\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Elon Musk<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/topics\/c5y915pwp89t\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">SpaceX<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/topics\/c8nq32jwjnmt\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Tesla<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/topics\/cm8m13kkyp4t\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Paris climate agreement<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/topics\/cmj34zmwm1zt\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Climate<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/topics\/cnx753jenyjt\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Environment<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/topics\/cp7r8vgl2lgt\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Donald Trump<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><aside data-testid=\"ohio-section-outer-3\" data-analytics-group=\"true\" data-analytics_group_type=\"ohio-3\" data-analytics_group_position=\"1\" data-analytics_group_item_count=\"3\" data-analytics_group_name=\"Related\" class=\"sc-227eb15e-1 dYnBSI\"><div data-testid=\"ohio-section-3\" class=\"sc-227eb15e-2 harZpM\"><div class=\"sc-2be11b79-2 koMJJi\"><div class=\"sc-2be11b79-1 ePwOJX\"><hr data-testid=\"ohio-line\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-0 bHUvKO\"\/><\/div><div data-testid=\"section-title-wrapper\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-3 iflVUS\"><div><span data-testid=\"ohio-title\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-4 fAxgMO\">Related<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"ohio-grid-3\" class=\"sc-5c4cac2b-0 kcaRJj\"><div data-testid=\"chester-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/articles\/cgj5w052x3xo\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"chester-article\" class=\"sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 eywmDE\">Judge orders Trump administration to give fired workers their jobs back<\/h2><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 gwNQGk\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 heskfp\">10 hrs ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 kVHhvu\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Technology<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"chester-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/articles\/ckgnvyggye1o\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"chester-article\" class=\"sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 eywmDE\">'Stranded' astronauts' return delayed after SpaceX launch postponed<\/h2><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 gwNQGk\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 heskfp\">21 hrs ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 kVHhvu\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">US & Canada<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"chester-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/articles\/cqjdg4x08ylo\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"chester-article\" class=\"sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 eywmDE\">Trump says anti-Tesla protesters will face 'hell'<\/h2><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 gwNQGk\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 heskfp\">2 days ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 kVHhvu\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Business<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/aside><aside data-testid=\"alaska-section-outer\" data-analytics-group=\"true\" data-analytics_group_type=\"alaska-5\" data-analytics_group_position=\"2\" data-analytics_group_item_count=\"5\" data-analytics_group_name=\"More\" class=\"sc-227eb15e-1 dYnBSI\"><div data-testid=\"alaska-section\" class=\"sc-227eb15e-2 harZpM\"><div class=\"sc-2be11b79-2 koMJJi\"><div class=\"sc-2be11b79-1 ePwOJX\"><hr data-testid=\"alaska-line\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-0 bHUvKO\"\/><\/div><div data-testid=\"section-title-wrapper\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-3 iflVUS\"><div><span data-testid=\"alaska-title\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-4 fAxgMO\">More<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-da05643e-0 kbaPPZ\"><div data-testid=\"alaska-grid\" class=\"sc-93223220-0 sc-da05643e-1 fiJvSm djXsFQ\"><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/articles\/cj0qnlpmmrro\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">1 hr ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/114d\/live\/e4624390-0089-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/114d\/live\/e4624390-0089-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/114d\/live\/e4624390-0089-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/114d\/live\/e4624390-0089-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/114d\/live\/e4624390-0089-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/114d\/live\/e4624390-0089-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/114d\/live\/e4624390-0089-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/114d\/live\/e4624390-0089-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"A man in a dark coloured suit sits on the floor among a group of people. There is a bright light focused on his face and a uniformed police officer stands behind him. \" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">Protesters disrupt St. Patrick's event in Washington D.C.<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">Relatives of teacher Enoch Burke were forcibly removed from the evening gala after heckling speeches.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">1 hr ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Northern Ireland Politics<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/articles\/c4gp6577vx7o\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">2 hrs ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/eef1\/live\/288283f0-fee6-11ef-a33c-d3dae70a9f09.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/eef1\/live\/288283f0-fee6-11ef-a33c-d3dae70a9f09.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/eef1\/live\/288283f0-fee6-11ef-a33c-d3dae70a9f09.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/eef1\/live\/288283f0-fee6-11ef-a33c-d3dae70a9f09.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/eef1\/live\/288283f0-fee6-11ef-a33c-d3dae70a9f09.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/eef1\/live\/288283f0-fee6-11ef-a33c-d3dae70a9f09.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/eef1\/live\/288283f0-fee6-11ef-a33c-d3dae70a9f09.jpg.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/eef1\/live\/288283f0-fee6-11ef-a33c-d3dae70a9f09.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Chris Devenny stands behind the beer taps of a pub, he is bald and is smiling and wearing a light-coloured small check shirt.\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">Irish immigrants in US: 'There is more of a fear element now'<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">US President Donald Trump has pledged \u201cmass deportations\u201d and his term began with immigration raids.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">2 hrs ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Northern Ireland<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/articles\/c15q07kk5lno\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">2 hrs ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/6630\/live\/38513b10-001b-11f0-892c-c52ab5b40364.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/6630\/live\/38513b10-001b-11f0-892c-c52ab5b40364.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/6630\/live\/38513b10-001b-11f0-892c-c52ab5b40364.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/6630\/live\/38513b10-001b-11f0-892c-c52ab5b40364.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/6630\/live\/38513b10-001b-11f0-892c-c52ab5b40364.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/6630\/live\/38513b10-001b-11f0-892c-c52ab5b40364.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/6630\/live\/38513b10-001b-11f0-892c-c52ab5b40364.jpg.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/6630\/live\/38513b10-001b-11f0-892c-c52ab5b40364.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"A man in a navy and\/or grey fleece folding his arms in front of his terraced house. His white hair is receding.\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">Man, 80, gives up solar panels fight with council<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">Barry Thompson's local council have refused his efforts to install six solar panels.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">2 hrs ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Essex<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/articles\/czrn4p2k30xo\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">2 hrs ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/5625\/live\/d5c79c30-ffef-11ef-89b8-6f8a578323da.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/5625\/live\/d5c79c30-ffef-11ef-89b8-6f8a578323da.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/5625\/live\/d5c79c30-ffef-11ef-89b8-6f8a578323da.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/5625\/live\/d5c79c30-ffef-11ef-89b8-6f8a578323da.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/5625\/live\/d5c79c30-ffef-11ef-89b8-6f8a578323da.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/5625\/live\/d5c79c30-ffef-11ef-89b8-6f8a578323da.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/5625\/live\/d5c79c30-ffef-11ef-89b8-6f8a578323da.jpg.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/5625\/live\/d5c79c30-ffef-11ef-89b8-6f8a578323da.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Dexter cow wearing a chain round his neck with a padlock-type gadget hung from the chain. The cow in in grassland. \" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">Electric collars help cows learn grazing boundaries<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">The technology is being used to help manage grasslands as part of the Great Fen landscape project.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">2 hrs ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">England<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_10\" id=\"dotcom-mid_10\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/articles\/cp8l00l4rejo\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">3 hrs ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 fKfpeF\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/7411\/live\/3aeee660-0089-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/7411\/live\/3aeee660-0089-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/7411\/live\/3aeee660-0089-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/7411\/live\/3aeee660-0089-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/7411\/live\/3aeee660-0089-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/7411\/live\/3aeee660-0089-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/7411\/live\/3aeee660-0089-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.jpg.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/7411\/live\/3aeee660-0089-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Russian President Vladimir Putin speaks during a press conference in Moscow. Photo: 13 March 2025\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">Putin sets out conditions for Ukraine ceasefire<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">The Russian president agrees fighting must end, but calls for the removal of the "root causes" of the war he launched.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">3 hrs ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Europe<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/aside><div class=\"zephr_meter_beta\"><\/div><div 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All rights reserved.\u00a0<i id=\"\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">\u00a0<\/i>The<i id=\"bbc\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\"> BBC <\/i>is<i id=\"not-responsible-for-the-content-of-external-sites.\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\"> not responsible for the content of external sites.<\/i>\u00a0<a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/editorialguidelines\/guidance\/feeds-and-links\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><b id=\"read-about-our-approach-to-external-linking.\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">Read about our approach to external linking.<\/b><\/a><\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">\u00a0<\/p><\/div><\/footer><\/div><\/div><script id=\"__NEXT_DATA__\" type=\"application\/json\">{\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"page\":{\"@\\\"news\\\",\\\"articles\\\",\\\"c30mjedjzgpo\\\",\":{\"id\":\"urn:bbc:optimo:asset:c30mjedjzgpo\",\"contents\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The unexpected knock-on effect of Trump's minerals 'deal of the century'\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The unexpected knock-on effect of Trump's minerals 'deal of the century'\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"timestamp\",\"model\":{\"timestamp\":1741915614940}},{\"type\":\"byline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"contributor\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"name\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Esme Stallard\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Esme Stallard\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"role\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Climate and Science Reporter\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Climate and Science Reporter\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"images\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"width\":800,\"height\":800,\"locator\":\"717a\/live\/c5a78d10-fff4-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png\",\"originCode\":\"cpsprodpb\"}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Esme Stallard\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Esme Stallard\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"timestamp\",\"model\":{\"timestamp\":1741915614940}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A montage image showing a black and white headshot of Trump on the left, and a red treated image of chemical symbols for Cobalt and Lithium\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A montage image showing a black and white headshot of Trump on the left, and a red treated image of chemical symbols for Cobalt and Lithium\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"width\":2500,\"height\":2500,\"locator\":\"c87b\/live\/25dc0340-001e-11f0-a8b1-950887ddc6e5.png\",\"originCode\":\"cpsprodpb\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"BBC\",\"suitableForSyndication\":true}}],\"emphasiseImage\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Donald Trump's return to the White House is a \\\"major blow to global climate action\\\". So said Christiana Figueres, the former UN climate chief, after he was elected in November.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Donald Trump's return to the White House is a \\\"major blow to global climate action\\\". So said Christiana Figueres, the former UN climate chief, after he was elected in November.\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Since taking office Trump has withdrawn the US from what is considered the most important global climate pact, the Paris Climate Agreement. He has also reportedly prevented US scientists from participating in international climate research and removed national electric vehicle targets.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Since taking office Trump has withdrawn the US from what is considered the most important global climate pact, the Paris Climate Agreement. He has also reportedly prevented US scientists from participating in international climate research and removed national electric vehicle targets.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Plus he derided his predecessor's attempts to develop new green technology a \\\"green new scam\\\".\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Plus he derided his predecessor's attempts to develop new green technology a \\\"green new scam\\\".\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And yet despite his history on the issue of climate, Trump has been eager to make a deal with the Ukrainian president on critical minerals. He has also taken a strong interest in Greenland and Canada \u2013 both nations rich in critical minerals.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And yet despite his history on the issue of climate, Trump has been eager to make a deal with the Ukrainian president on critical minerals. He has also taken a strong interest in Greenland and Canada \u2013 both nations rich in critical minerals.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_1\"},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"President Trump has been eager to make a deal with the Ukrainian president on critical minerals\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"President Trump has been eager to make a deal with the Ukrainian president on critical minerals\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"U.S. President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky meet in the Oval Office at the White House on February 28, 2025\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"U.S. President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky meet in the Oval Office at the White House on February 28, 2025\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"width\":1920,\"height\":1280,\"locator\":\"583e\/live\/1ceca320-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png\",\"originCode\":\"cpsprodpb\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\",\"suitableForSyndication\":true}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Critical mineral procurement has been a major focus for Trump since he took office. These minerals are crucial in industries including aerospace and defence, but intriguingly, they have another major use too - to manufacture green technology.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Critical mineral procurement has been a major focus for Trump since he took office. These minerals are crucial in industries including aerospace and defence, but intriguingly, they have another major use too - to manufacture green technology.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"So, could Trump's focus on obtaining these minerals have a knock-on effect and help unlock the US's potential in the green technology sector?\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"So, could Trump's focus on obtaining these minerals have a knock-on effect and help unlock the US's potential in the green technology sector?\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_2\"},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Elon Musk effect?\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Elon Musk effect?\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Trump's right-hand man understands more than most the importance of critical minerals in the green transition. Space X and Tesla \u2013 the companies Elon Musk leads - rely heavily on critical minerals like graphite (in electric vehicles), lithium (in batteries) and nickel (in rockets).\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Trump's right-hand man understands more than most the importance of critical minerals in the green transition. Space X and Tesla \u2013 the companies Elon Musk leads - rely heavily on critical minerals like graphite (in electric vehicles), lithium (in batteries) and nickel (in rockets).\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Dr Elizabeth Holley, associate professor of mining engineering at Colorado School of Mines, explains that each nation has its own list of critical minerals, but they are generally made up of rare earths and other metals like lithium.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Dr Elizabeth Holley, associate professor of mining engineering at Colorado School of Mines, explains that each nation has its own list of critical minerals, but they are generally made up of rare earths and other metals like lithium.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"She says demand is booming - in 2023, demand for lithium grew by 30%. This is being driven mostly by the rapid growth in the clean energy and electric vehicle sectors.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"She says demand is booming - in 2023, demand for lithium grew by 30%. This is being driven mostly by the rapid growth in the clean energy and electric vehicle sectors.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Space X and Tesla rely heavily on critical minerals\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Space X and Tesla rely heavily on critical minerals\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Tesla CEO Elon Musk speaks during the official opening of the a Tesla electric car manufacturing plant\\n\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Tesla CEO Elon Musk speaks during the official opening of the a Tesla electric car manufacturing plant\\n\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"width\":1920,\"height\":1280,\"locator\":\"ef08\/live\/f99628b0-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png\",\"originCode\":\"cpsprodpb\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\",\"suitableForSyndication\":true}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_3\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Within two decades they will make up almost 90% of the demand for lithium, 70% of the demand for cobalt, and 40% for rare earths, according to the International Energy Agency.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Within two decades they will make up almost 90% of the demand for lithium, 70% of the demand for cobalt, and 40% for rare earths, according to the International Energy Agency.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Such has been Musk's concern with getting hold of some of these minerals that three years ago he tweeted: \\\"Price of lithium has gone to insane levels! Tesla might actually have to get into the mining \\u0026 refining directly at scale, unless costs improve.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Such has been Musk's concern with getting hold of some of these minerals that three years ago he tweeted: \\\"Price of lithium has gone to insane levels! Tesla might actually have to get into the mining \\u0026 refining directly at scale, unless costs improve.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"He went on to write that there is no shortage of the element but pace of extraction is slow.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"He went on to write that there is no shortage of the element but pace of extraction is slow.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The US position in the global race\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The US position in the global race\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The weakness of the US position in rare earths and critical minerals (such as cobalt and nickel) was addressed in a report published by a US Government Select Committee in December 2023. It said: \\\"The United States must rethink its policy approach to critical mineral and rare earth element supply chains because of the risks posed by our current dependence on the People's Republic of China.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The weakness of the US position in rare earths and critical minerals (such as cobalt and nickel) was addressed in a report published by a US Government Select Committee in December 2023. It said: \\\"The United States must rethink its policy approach to critical mineral and rare earth element supply chains because of the risks posed by our current dependence on the People's Republic of China.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Failure to do so, it warned, could cause \\\"defense production to grind to a halt and choke off manufacturing of other advanced technologies\\\".\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Failure to do so, it warned, could cause \\\"defense production to grind to a halt and choke off manufacturing of other advanced technologies\\\".\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"China's dominance in the market has come from its early recognition of the economic opportunities that green technology offers.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"China's dominance in the market has come from its early recognition of the economic opportunities that green technology offers.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"China made a decision about 10 years ago about where the trend was going and has strategically pursued the development of not just renewables but also electric vehicles and now dominates the market,\\\" says Bob Ward, policy director at The London School of Economics (LSE) Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"China made a decision about 10 years ago about where the trend was going and has strategically pursued the development of not just renewables but also electric vehicles and now dominates the market,\\\" says Bob Ward, policy director at The London School of Economics (LSE) Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_4\"},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"China made a decision years ago about where the trend was going, argues one expert\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"China made a decision years ago about where the trend was going, argues one expert\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A ship carrying tons of nickel ore carries out loading and unloading operations in China\\n\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A ship carrying tons of nickel ore carries out loading and unloading operations in China\\n\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"width\":1920,\"height\":1280,\"locator\":\"3377\/live\/1456c2e0-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png\",\"originCode\":\"cpsprodpb\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\",\"suitableForSyndication\":true}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Daisy Jennings-Gray, head of prices at price reporting agency Benchmark Mineral Intelligence explains that they are critical minerals because they are geologically restricted. \\\"You cannot guarantee you will have economically recoverable reserves in every country.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Daisy Jennings-Gray, head of prices at price reporting agency Benchmark Mineral Intelligence explains that they are critical minerals because they are geologically restricted. \\\"You cannot guarantee you will have economically recoverable reserves in every country.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Some minerals like lithium are abundant on Earth but often they are located in difficult to reach places, so the logistics of a mining project can be very expensive. In other cases, there is dependency on one country that produces a large share of global supply \u2013 like cobalt from the The Democratic Republic of Congo. This means that if there is a natural disaster or political unrest it has an impact on the price, says Ms Jennings-Gray.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Some minerals like lithium are abundant on Earth but often they are located in difficult to reach places, so the logistics of a mining project can be very expensive. In other cases, there is dependency on one country that produces a large share of global supply \u2013 like cobalt from the The Democratic Republic of Congo. This means that if there is a natural disaster or political unrest it has an impact on the price, says Ms Jennings-Gray.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"China has managed to shore up supply by investing heavily in Africa and South America, but where it really has a stronghold on the market is in processing (or the separation of the mineral from other elements in the rock).\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"China has managed to shore up supply by investing heavily in Africa and South America, but where it really has a stronghold on the market is in processing (or the separation of the mineral from other elements in the rock).\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_5\"},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Sometimes there is single nation dependency - like cobalt from the The Democratic Republic of Congo\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Sometimes there is single nation dependency - like cobalt from the The Democratic Republic of Congo\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"People working in the Lukushi river in The Democratic Republic of Congo\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"People working in the Lukushi river in The Democratic Republic of Congo\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"width\":1920,\"height\":1280,\"locator\":\"1ba5\/live\/f17a3360-ff32-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png\",\"originCode\":\"cpsprodpb\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\",\"suitableForSyndication\":true}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"China accounts for 60 percent of global rare earth production but processes nearly 90 percent - [it] is dominant on this stage,\\\" says Gracelin Baskaran, director of the critical minerals security program at the Centre for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"China accounts for 60 percent of global rare earth production but processes nearly 90 percent - [it] is dominant on this stage,\\\" says Gracelin Baskaran, director of the critical minerals security program at the Centre for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"She says the country understands how important this is in economic trade - a few days after Trump introduced tariffs on China its government hit back by imposing export controls on more than 20 critical minerals including graphite and tungsten.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"She says the country understands how important this is in economic trade - a few days after Trump introduced tariffs on China its government hit back by imposing export controls on more than 20 critical minerals including graphite and tungsten.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"What is motivating Trump is a fear of being at a disadvantage, argues Christopher Knittel, professor of applied economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"What is motivating Trump is a fear of being at a disadvantage, argues Christopher Knittel, professor of applied economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"I think what is driving this is because China is the dominant player on the processing side,\\\" he says. \\\"It is that processing stage, which is the high margin stage of the business, so China is making a lot of money.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"I think what is driving this is because China is the dominant player on the processing side,\\\" he says. \\\"It is that processing stage, which is the high margin stage of the business, so China is making a lot of money.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"As he puts it, it is a \\\"happy coincidence\\\" that this could end up supporting green technology.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"As he puts it, it is a \\\"happy coincidence\\\" that this could end up supporting green technology.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The key question though is whether the US is too late to fully capitalise on the sector?\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The key question though is whether the US is too late to fully capitalise on the sector?\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_6\"},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A stark warning for the US\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A stark warning for the US\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In the early days, the green transition was \\\"framed as a burden\\\" for countries, according to LSE's Bob Ward. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In the early days, the green transition was \\\"framed as a burden\\\" for countries, according to LSE's Bob Ward. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Biden administration was highly supportive of green technology industries through its introduction of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) in August 2022, which offers tax credits, loans and other incentives to technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, from battery technologies for electric vehicles to solar panels. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Biden administration was highly supportive of green technology industries through its introduction of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) in August 2022, which offers tax credits, loans and other incentives to technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, from battery technologies for electric vehicles to solar panels. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"By August 2024 it was estimated to have brought $493bn (\u00a3382bn) of investment to US green industry, according to the think tank Clean Investment Monitor.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"By August 2024 it was estimated to have brought $493bn (\u00a3382bn) of investment to US green industry, according to the think tank Clean Investment Monitor.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The previous administration was supportive of green technology industries through its introduction of the Inflation Reduction Act\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The previous administration was supportive of green technology industries through its introduction of the Inflation Reduction Act\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Former US President Joe Biden signs The Inflation Reduction Act \\n\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Former US President Joe Biden signs The Inflation Reduction Act \\n\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"width\":1920,\"height\":1280,\"locator\":\"84d0\/live\/26c9a960-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png\",\"originCode\":\"cpsprodpb\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\",\"suitableForSyndication\":true}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_7\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And yet little work was done to support upstream processes like obtaining critical minerals, says Ms Gray from Benchmark Intelligence. Instead, the Biden administration focused heavily on downstream manufacturing - the process of getting products from the manufacturer to the end consumer.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And yet little work was done to support upstream processes like obtaining critical minerals, says Ms Gray from Benchmark Intelligence. Instead, the Biden administration focused heavily on downstream manufacturing - the process of getting products from the manufacturer to the end consumer.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But Trump's recent moves to procure these critical minerals suggest a focus on the upstream process may now be happening.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But Trump's recent moves to procure these critical minerals suggest a focus on the upstream process may now be happening.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"The IRA put a lot of legislation in places to limit trade and supply only from friendly nations.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"The IRA put a lot of legislation in places to limit trade and supply only from friendly nations.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"Trump is changing tact and looking at securing critical minerals agreements that owes something to the US,\\\" explains Ms Gray.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"Trump is changing tact and looking at securing critical minerals agreements that owes something to the US,\\\" explains Ms Gray.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Whispers of another executive order\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Whispers of another executive order\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"There could be further moves from Trump coming down the line. Those working in the sector say whispers in the corridors of the White House suggest that he may be about to pass a \\\"Critical Minerals Executive Order,\\\" which could funnel further investment into this objective.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"There could be further moves from Trump coming down the line. Those working in the sector say whispers in the corridors of the White House suggest that he may be about to pass a \\\"Critical Minerals Executive Order,\\\" which could funnel further investment into this objective.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The exact details that may be included in the executive order remain unclear, but experts knowledgeable with the issue have said it may include measures to accelerate mining in the US, including fast tracking permits and investment to construct processing plants.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The exact details that may be included in the executive order remain unclear, but experts knowledgeable with the issue have said it may include measures to accelerate mining in the US, including fast tracking permits and investment to construct processing plants.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Although work may now be under way to secure these minerals, Prof Willy Shih of Harvard Business School thinks that the US administration lacks understanding of the technical complexity of establishing mineral supply chains, and emphasises the time commitment required. \\\"If you want to build a new mine and processing facility it might take you 10 years.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Although work may now be under way to secure these minerals, Prof Willy Shih of Harvard Business School thinks that the US administration lacks understanding of the technical complexity of establishing mineral supply chains, and emphasises the time commitment required. \\\"If you want to build a new mine and processing facility it might take you 10 years.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_8\"},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In 2023, lithium demand grew by 30% and rare earths up to 15%\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In 2023, lithium demand grew by 30% and rare earths up to 15%\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"An employee walking in the open-pit mine at a lithium plant \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"An employee walking in the open-pit mine at a lithium plant \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"width\":1920,\"height\":1280,\"locator\":\"f793\/live\/01e36730-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png\",\"originCode\":\"cpsprodpb\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\",\"suitableForSyndication\":true}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"As a policy of his predecessor and one that is so obviously pro-climate action, Trump has been vocally opposed to maintaining the IRA. But its success in red states mean that many Republican senators have been trying to convince him to keep it in some form in his proposed \\\"big, beautiful bill\\\" - the plan to pile all of Trump's main policy goals into one mega-bill - due to be revealed later this month.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"As a policy of his predecessor and one that is so obviously pro-climate action, Trump has been vocally opposed to maintaining the IRA. But its success in red states mean that many Republican senators have been trying to convince him to keep it in some form in his proposed \\\"big, beautiful bill\\\" - the plan to pile all of Trump's main policy goals into one mega-bill - due to be revealed later this month.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Analysis by the Clean Investment Monitor shows in the last 18 months Republican-held states had received 77% of the investment.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Analysis by the Clean Investment Monitor shows in the last 18 months Republican-held states had received 77% of the investment.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"MIT's Dr Knittel says for states like Georgia, which has become part of what is now known as the \\\"battery belt\\\" following a boom in battery production following IRA support, these tax credits are crucial for these industries to survive.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"MIT's Dr Knittel says for states like Georgia, which has become part of what is now known as the \\\"battery belt\\\" following a boom in battery production following IRA support, these tax credits are crucial for these industries to survive.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"He adds that failure to do so poses a real political threat for US representatives who are up for re-election in less than two years.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"He adds that failure to do so poses a real political threat for US representatives who are up for re-election in less than two years.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If Trump loses even just one seat to the Democrats in the 2026 mid-terms, then he loses the house majority - limiting his ability to pass key pieces of legislation. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If Trump loses even just one seat to the Democrats in the 2026 mid-terms, then he loses the house majority - limiting his ability to pass key pieces of legislation. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_9\"},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Since taking office Donald Trump has withdrawn the US from the Paris Climate Agreement\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Since taking office Donald Trump has withdrawn the US from the Paris Climate Agreement\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"President Donald Trump walks across the South Lawn at the White House \\n\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"President Donald Trump walks across the South Lawn at the White House \\n\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"width\":1920,\"height\":1280,\"locator\":\"7f59\/live\/e9ac8520-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png\",\"originCode\":\"cpsprodpb\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\",\"suitableForSyndication\":true}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Carl Fleming was an advisor to former President Biden's Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Advisory Committee and is a partner at law firm McDermott, Will \\u0026 Emery advising clients in the clean tech and energy space. He says that despite the uncertainty investors remain confident. \\\"In the last month my practice has been busier than ever, and this is since quadrupling last year following the IRA.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Carl Fleming was an advisor to former President Biden's Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Advisory Committee and is a partner at law firm McDermott, Will \\u0026 Emery advising clients in the clean tech and energy space. He says that despite the uncertainty investors remain confident. \\\"In the last month my practice has been busier than ever, and this is since quadrupling last year following the IRA.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"He also believes that there is a recognition of the need to maintain parts of the IRA \u2013 although this may be alongside expansion of some fossil fuels. \\\"If you are really trying to be America first and energy secure you want to pull on all your levers. Keep solar and keep battery storage going and add more natural gas to release America's energy prowess.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"He also believes that there is a recognition of the need to maintain parts of the IRA \u2013 although this may be alongside expansion of some fossil fuels. \\\"If you are really trying to be America first and energy secure you want to pull on all your levers. Keep solar and keep battery storage going and add more natural gas to release America's energy prowess.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But the uncertainty of the US position is little consolation for its absence on the international climate stage, says LSE's Bob Ward. \\\"When the Americans are on the ball it helps to move people in the right direction and that's how we got the Paris Climate Agreement.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But the uncertainty of the US position is little consolation for its absence on the international climate stage, says LSE's Bob Ward. \\\"When the Americans are on the ball it helps to move people in the right direction and that's how we got the Paris Climate Agreement.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"For those in the climate space Trump is certainly not an environmentalist. What's clear is he is not concerned with making his legacy an environmental one but an economic one - though he could achieve the former if he can be convinced it will boost the economy.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"For those in the climate space Trump is certainly not an environmentalist. What's clear is he is not concerned with making his legacy an environmental one but an economic one - though he could achieve the former if he can be convinced it will boost the economy.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Top picture credit: Getty Images\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Top picture credit: Getty Images\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"BBC InDepth is the home on the website and app for the best analysis, with fresh perspectives that challenge assumptions and deep reporting on the biggest issues of the day. And we showcase thought-provoking content from across BBC Sounds and iPlayer too. You can send us your feedback on the InDepth section by clicking on the button below.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"BBC InDepth\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"BBC InDepth\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}}],\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/bbcindepth\",\"isExternal\":false}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" is the home on the website and app for the best analysis, with fresh perspectives that challenge assumptions and deep reporting on the biggest issues of the day. And we showcase thought-provoking content from across BBC Sounds and iPlayer too. 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href=\"\/business\/technology-of-business\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Technology of Business<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/business\/future-of-business\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Future of Business<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Innovation<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\/technology\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Technology<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\/science\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Science & Health<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\/artificial-intelligence\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Artificial Intelligence<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\/ai-v-the-mind\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">AI v the Mind<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Culture<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/film-tv\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Film & TV<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/music\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Music<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/art\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Art & Design<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/style\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Style<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/books\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Books<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/entertainment-news\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Entertainment News<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/arts\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Arts<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/arts\/arts-in-motion\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Arts in Motion<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Travel<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Destinations<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/africa\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Africa<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/antarctica\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Antarctica<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/asia\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Asia<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/australia-and-pacific\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Australia and Pacific<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/caribbean\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Caribbean & Bermuda<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/central-america\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Central America<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/europe\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Europe<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/middle-east\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Middle East<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/north-america\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">North America<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/south-america\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">South America<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/worlds-table\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">World\u2019s Table<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/cultural-experiences\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Culture & Experiences<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/adventures\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Adventures<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/specialist\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">The SpeciaList<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Earth<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/natural-wonders\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Natural Wonders<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/weather-science\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Weather & Science<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/solutions\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Climate Solutions<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/sustainable-business\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Sustainable Business<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/green-living\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Green Living<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/audio\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Audio<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/audio\/categories\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Podcasts<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/audio\/stations\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Radio<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/undefined\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Audio FAQs<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/video\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Video<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/live\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Live<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/live\/news\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Live News<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/live\/sport\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Live Sport<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><\/details><\/noscript><div data-testid=\"backdrop\" class=\"sc-3192fecd-0 irQldJ\"><\/div><div data-testid=\"drawer-background\" direction=\"left\" class=\"sc-bcd5a959-0 dCOsAv\"><div class=\"sc-c2aa8288-0 fAkitL\"><div class=\"sc-c2aa8288-6 ioPLtn\"><div data-testid=\"search-input-wrapper\" class=\"sc-e1a87ea7-0 emMBqr\"><input type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Search news, topics and more\" data-testid=\"search-input-field\" class=\"sc-e1a87ea7-1 clPMUF\" value=\"\"\/><button type=\"button\" data-testid=\"search-input-search-button\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-3 hsIsEs hCTSNW\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 beCbGD\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"actions\" icon=\"search\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"m30.6 28.1-8.3-8.3c1.5-2 2.4-4.4 2.4-7.2C24.7 6 19.6 1 13 1S1.4 6.1 1.4 12.7 6.5 24.3 13 24.3c2.3 0 4.4-.6 6.2-1.8l8.5 8.5 2.9-2.9zM4 12.6c0-5.2 3.9-9.1 9-9.1s9 3.9 9 9.1c0 5.2-3.9 9.1-9 9.1s-9-3.9-9-9.1z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-c2aa8288-7 xKITv\"><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/home\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/home\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Home<\/span><\/button><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/news\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/news\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">News<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/news\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/news\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/sport\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/sport\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/sport\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Sport<\/span><\/button><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/business\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/business\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Business<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/business\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/business\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/innovation\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/innovation\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Innovation<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/innovation\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/innovation\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/culture\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/culture\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Culture<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/culture\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/culture\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/arts\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/arts\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Arts<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/arts\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/arts\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div 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data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/future-planet\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/future-planet\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/audio\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/audio\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Audio<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/audio\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/audio\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/video\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/video\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/video\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Video<\/span><\/button><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><div><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-\/live\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-\/live\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-3 gNfKvw\">Live<\/span><div data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIconWrapper-\/live\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-1 lprTtA\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"arrows\" icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/live\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather\">Weather<\/span><\/button><\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/newsletters\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/newsletters\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/newsletters\">Newsletters<\/span><\/button><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><main id=\"main-content\"><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 bFAJrO\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-top\" id=\"dotcom-top\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><article><div data-component=\"headline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h1 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 itISwu\">The unexpected knock-on effect of Trump's minerals 'deal of the century'<\/h1><\/div><div data-component=\"byline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><div data-testid=\"byline-new\" class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-0 haItSe\"><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-1 cjDa-dM\"><time dateTime=\"2025-03-14T01:26:54.940Z\" class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-2 jViTsK\">7 hours ago<\/time><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-3 cFXrjb\"><button disabled=\"\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Share\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 oYtVL dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" 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13.0881C10.661 13.0881 11.5852 12.1639 11.5852 11.036C11.5852 9.89268 10.661 8.96851 9.51768 8.96851\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span data-testid=\"button-text\" aria-hidden=\"false\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-1 eihkAj\">Share<\/span><\/button><button disabled=\"\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Save\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 iQJDhl cCYQUA kItbpD\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 dMpdqo\"><svg width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 14\" category=\"account\" icon=\"saved-items-outlined\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M5.99996 9.43351L9.46496 11.0741L9.46496 2.0125L2.53496 2.0125L2.53496 11.0741L5.99996 9.43351ZM0.959961 13.5625L0.959961 0.4375L11.04 0.4375L11.04 13.5625L5.99996 11.1761L0.959961 13.5625Z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span data-testid=\"button-text\" aria-hidden=\"false\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-1 eihkAj\">Save<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"byline-new-contributors\" class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-12 fcCDwR\"><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-5 evAEAB\"><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-6 boFwIm\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/717a\/live\/c5a78d10-fff4-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/717a\/live\/c5a78d10-fff4-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/717a\/live\/c5a78d10-fff4-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/717a\/live\/c5a78d10-fff4-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/717a\/live\/c5a78d10-fff4-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/717a\/live\/c5a78d10-fff4-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/717a\/live\/c5a78d10-fff4-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/717a\/live\/c5a78d10-fff4-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Esme Stallard profile image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><div><span class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-7 kItaYD\">Esme Stallard<\/span><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-8 bTSIhT\"><span>Climate and Science Reporter<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-4 ffcVEa\"><button disabled=\"\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Share\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 oYtVL dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 dMpdqo\"><svg width=\"12\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 14\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" category=\"social\" icon=\"share\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M9.51768 8.96851C8.95518 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96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/c87b\/live\/25dc0340-001e-11f0-a8b1-950887ddc6e5.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/c87b\/live\/25dc0340-001e-11f0-a8b1-950887ddc6e5.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/c87b\/live\/25dc0340-001e-11f0-a8b1-950887ddc6e5.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/c87b\/live\/25dc0340-001e-11f0-a8b1-950887ddc6e5.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/c87b\/live\/25dc0340-001e-11f0-a8b1-950887ddc6e5.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/c87b\/live\/25dc0340-001e-11f0-a8b1-950887ddc6e5.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/c87b\/live\/25dc0340-001e-11f0-a8b1-950887ddc6e5.png.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/c87b\/live\/25dc0340-001e-11f0-a8b1-950887ddc6e5.png.webp\" loading=\"eager\" alt=\"BBC A montage image showing a black and white headshot of Trump on the left, and a red treated image of chemical symbols for Cobalt and Lithium\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">BBC<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><b id=\"donald-trump's-return-to-the-white-house-is-a-"major-blow-to-global-climate-action".-so-said-christiana-figueres,-the-former-un-climate-chief,-after-he-was-elected-in-november.\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">Donald Trump's return to the White House is a "major blow to global climate action". So said Christiana Figueres, the former UN climate chief, after he was elected in November.<\/b><\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Since taking office Trump has withdrawn the US from what is considered the most important global climate pact, the Paris Climate Agreement. He has also reportedly prevented US scientists from participating in international climate research and removed national electric vehicle targets.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Plus he derided his predecessor's attempts to develop new green technology a "green new scam".<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">And yet despite his history on the issue of climate, Trump has been eager to make a deal with the Ukrainian president on critical minerals. He has also taken a strong interest in Greenland and Canada \u2013 both nations rich in critical minerals.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_1\" id=\"dotcom-mid_1\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/583e\/live\/1ceca320-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/583e\/live\/1ceca320-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/583e\/live\/1ceca320-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/583e\/live\/1ceca320-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/583e\/live\/1ceca320-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/583e\/live\/1ceca320-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/583e\/live\/1ceca320-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/583e\/live\/1ceca320-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Getty Images U.S. President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky meet in the Oval Office at the White House on February 28, 2025\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">President Trump has been eager to make a deal with the Ukrainian president on critical minerals<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Critical mineral procurement has been a major focus for Trump since he took office. These minerals are crucial in industries including aerospace and defence, but intriguingly, they have another major use too - to manufacture green technology.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">So, could Trump's focus on obtaining these minerals have a knock-on effect and help unlock the US's potential in the green technology sector?<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_2\" id=\"dotcom-mid_2\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\">The Elon Musk effect?<\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Trump's right-hand man understands more than most the importance of critical minerals in the green transition. Space X and Tesla \u2013 the companies Elon Musk leads - rely heavily on critical minerals like graphite (in electric vehicles), lithium (in batteries) and nickel (in rockets).<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Dr Elizabeth Holley, associate professor of mining engineering at Colorado School of Mines, explains that each nation has its own list of critical minerals, but they are generally made up of rare earths and other metals like lithium.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">She says demand is booming - in 2023, demand for lithium grew by 30%. This is being driven mostly by the rapid growth in the clean energy and electric vehicle sectors.<\/p><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/ef08\/live\/f99628b0-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/ef08\/live\/f99628b0-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/ef08\/live\/f99628b0-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/ef08\/live\/f99628b0-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/ef08\/live\/f99628b0-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/ef08\/live\/f99628b0-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/ef08\/live\/f99628b0-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/ef08\/live\/f99628b0-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Getty Images Tesla CEO Elon Musk speaks during the official opening of the a Tesla electric car manufacturing plant\n\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">Space X and Tesla rely heavily on critical minerals<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_3\" id=\"dotcom-mid_3\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Within two decades they will make up almost 90% of the demand for lithium, 70% of the demand for cobalt, and 40% for rare earths, according to the International Energy Agency.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Such has been Musk's concern with getting hold of some of these minerals that three years ago he tweeted: "Price of lithium has gone to insane levels! Tesla might actually have to get into the mining & refining directly at scale, unless costs improve."<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">He went on to write that there is no shortage of the element but pace of extraction is slow.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\">The US position in the global race<\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">The weakness of the US position in rare earths and critical minerals (such as cobalt and nickel) was addressed in a report published by a US Government Select Committee in December 2023. It said: "The United States must rethink its policy approach to critical mineral and rare earth element supply chains because of the risks posed by our current dependence on the People's Republic of China."<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Failure to do so, it warned, could cause "defense production to grind to a halt and choke off manufacturing of other advanced technologies".<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">China's dominance in the market has come from its early recognition of the economic opportunities that green technology offers.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"China made a decision about 10 years ago about where the trend was going and has strategically pursued the development of not just renewables but also electric vehicles and now dominates the market," says Bob Ward, policy director at The London School of Economics (LSE) Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_4\" id=\"dotcom-mid_4\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/3377\/live\/1456c2e0-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/3377\/live\/1456c2e0-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/3377\/live\/1456c2e0-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/3377\/live\/1456c2e0-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/3377\/live\/1456c2e0-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/3377\/live\/1456c2e0-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/3377\/live\/1456c2e0-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/3377\/live\/1456c2e0-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Getty Images A ship carrying tons of nickel ore carries out loading and unloading operations in China\n\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">China made a decision years ago about where the trend was going, argues one expert<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Daisy Jennings-Gray, head of prices at price reporting agency Benchmark Mineral Intelligence explains that they are critical minerals because they are geologically restricted. "You cannot guarantee you will have economically recoverable reserves in every country."<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Some minerals like lithium are abundant on Earth but often they are located in difficult to reach places, so the logistics of a mining project can be very expensive. In other cases, there is dependency on one country that produces a large share of global supply \u2013 like cobalt from the The Democratic Republic of Congo. This means that if there is a natural disaster or political unrest it has an impact on the price, says Ms Jennings-Gray.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">China has managed to shore up supply by investing heavily in Africa and South America, but where it really has a stronghold on the market is in processing (or the separation of the mineral from other elements in the rock).<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_5\" id=\"dotcom-mid_5\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/1ba5\/live\/f17a3360-ff32-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/1ba5\/live\/f17a3360-ff32-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/1ba5\/live\/f17a3360-ff32-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/1ba5\/live\/f17a3360-ff32-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/1ba5\/live\/f17a3360-ff32-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/1ba5\/live\/f17a3360-ff32-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/1ba5\/live\/f17a3360-ff32-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/1ba5\/live\/f17a3360-ff32-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Getty Images People working in the Lukushi river in The Democratic Republic of Congo\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">Sometimes there is single nation dependency - like cobalt from the The Democratic Republic of Congo<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"China accounts for 60 percent of global rare earth production but processes nearly 90 percent - [it] is dominant on this stage," says Gracelin Baskaran, director of the critical minerals security program at the Centre for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C. <\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">She says the country understands how important this is in economic trade - a few days after Trump introduced tariffs on China its government hit back by imposing export controls on more than 20 critical minerals including graphite and tungsten.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">What is motivating Trump is a fear of being at a disadvantage, argues Christopher Knittel, professor of applied economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). <\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"I think what is driving this is because China is the dominant player on the processing side," he says. "It is that processing stage, which is the high margin stage of the business, so China is making a lot of money."<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">As he puts it, it is a "happy coincidence" that this could end up supporting green technology.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">The key question though is whether the US is too late to fully capitalise on the sector?<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_6\" id=\"dotcom-mid_6\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\">A stark warning for the US<\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">In the early days, the green transition was "framed as a burden" for countries, according to LSE's Bob Ward. <\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">The Biden administration was highly supportive of green technology industries through its introduction of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) in August 2022, which offers tax credits, loans and other incentives to technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, from battery technologies for electric vehicles to solar panels. <\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">By August 2024 it was estimated to have brought $493bn (\u00a3382bn) of investment to US green industry, according to the think tank Clean Investment Monitor.<\/p><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/84d0\/live\/26c9a960-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/84d0\/live\/26c9a960-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/84d0\/live\/26c9a960-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/84d0\/live\/26c9a960-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/84d0\/live\/26c9a960-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/84d0\/live\/26c9a960-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/84d0\/live\/26c9a960-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/84d0\/live\/26c9a960-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Getty Images Former US President Joe Biden signs The Inflation Reduction Act \n\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">The previous administration was supportive of green technology industries through its introduction of the Inflation Reduction Act<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_7\" id=\"dotcom-mid_7\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">And yet little work was done to support upstream processes like obtaining critical minerals, says Ms Gray from Benchmark Intelligence. Instead, the Biden administration focused heavily on downstream manufacturing - the process of getting products from the manufacturer to the end consumer.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">But Trump's recent moves to procure these critical minerals suggest a focus on the upstream process may now be happening.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"The IRA put a lot of legislation in places to limit trade and supply only from friendly nations.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"Trump is changing tact and looking at securing critical minerals agreements that owes something to the US," explains Ms Gray.<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\">Whispers of another executive order<\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">There could be further moves from Trump coming down the line. Those working in the sector say whispers in the corridors of the White House suggest that he may be about to pass a "Critical Minerals Executive Order," which could funnel further investment into this objective.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">The exact details that may be included in the executive order remain unclear, but experts knowledgeable with the issue have said it may include measures to accelerate mining in the US, including fast tracking permits and investment to construct processing plants.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Although work may now be under way to secure these minerals, Prof Willy Shih of Harvard Business School thinks that the US administration lacks understanding of the technical complexity of establishing mineral supply chains, and emphasises the time commitment required. "If you want to build a new mine and processing facility it might take you 10 years."<\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_8\" id=\"dotcom-mid_8\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/f793\/live\/01e36730-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/f793\/live\/01e36730-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/f793\/live\/01e36730-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/f793\/live\/01e36730-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/f793\/live\/01e36730-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/f793\/live\/01e36730-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/f793\/live\/01e36730-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/f793\/live\/01e36730-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Getty Images An employee walking in the open-pit mine at a lithium plant \" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">In 2023, lithium demand grew by 30% and rare earths up to 15%<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">As a policy of his predecessor and one that is so obviously pro-climate action, Trump has been vocally opposed to maintaining the IRA. But its success in red states mean that many Republican senators have been trying to convince him to keep it in some form in his proposed "big, beautiful bill" - the plan to pile all of Trump's main policy goals into one mega-bill - due to be revealed later this month.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Analysis by the Clean Investment Monitor shows in the last 18 months Republican-held states had received 77% of the investment.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">MIT's Dr Knittel says for states like Georgia, which has become part of what is now known as the "battery belt" following a boom in battery production following IRA support, these tax credits are crucial for these industries to survive.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">He adds that failure to do so poses a real political threat for US representatives who are up for re-election in less than two years.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">If Trump loses even just one seat to the Democrats in the 2026 mid-terms, then he loses the house majority - limiting his ability to pass key pieces of legislation. <\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_9\" id=\"dotcom-mid_9\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/7f59\/live\/e9ac8520-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/7f59\/live\/e9ac8520-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/7f59\/live\/e9ac8520-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/7f59\/live\/e9ac8520-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/7f59\/live\/e9ac8520-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/7f59\/live\/e9ac8520-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/7f59\/live\/e9ac8520-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/7f59\/live\/e9ac8520-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Getty Images President Donald Trump walks across the South Lawn at the White House \n\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Getty Images<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">Since taking office Donald Trump has withdrawn the US from the Paris Climate Agreement<\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Carl Fleming was an advisor to former President Biden's Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Advisory Committee and is a partner at law firm McDermott, Will & Emery advising clients in the clean tech and energy space. He says that despite the uncertainty investors remain confident. "In the last month my practice has been busier than ever, and this is since quadrupling last year following the IRA."<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">He also believes that there is a recognition of the need to maintain parts of the IRA \u2013 although this may be alongside expansion of some fossil fuels. "If you are really trying to be America first and energy secure you want to pull on all your levers. Keep solar and keep battery storage going and add more natural gas to release America's energy prowess."<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">But the uncertainty of the US position is little consolation for its absence on the international climate stage, says LSE's Bob Ward. "When the Americans are on the ball it helps to move people in the right direction and that's how we got the Paris Climate Agreement."<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">For those in the climate space Trump is certainly not an environmentalist. What's clear is he is not concerned with making his legacy an environmental one but an economic one - though he could achieve the former if he can be convinced it will boost the economy.<\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><i id=\"top-picture-credit:-getty-images\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">Top picture credit: Getty Images<\/i><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/bbcindepth\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><i id=\"bbc-indepth\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">BBC InDepth<\/i><\/a><i id=\"is-the-home-on-the-website-and-app-for-the-best-analysis,-with-fresh-perspectives-that-challenge-assumptions-and-deep-reporting-on-the-biggest-issues-of-the-day.-and-we-showcase-thought-provoking-content-from-across-bbc-sounds-and-iplayer-too.-you-can-send-us-your-feedback-on-the-indepth-section-by-clicking-on-the-button-below.\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\"> is the home on the website and app for the best analysis, with fresh perspectives that challenge assumptions and deep reporting on the biggest issues of the day. And we showcase thought-provoking content from across BBC Sounds and iPlayer too. You can send us your feedback on the InDepth section by clicking on the button below.<\/i><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"links-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jVHuOl\"><div class=\"sc-93223220-0 sc-46222299-0 ctbOlq eluqFz\"><span data-testid=\"links-title\" class=\"sc-46222299-2 gdGcRT\">More from InDepth<\/span><div data-testid=\"links-grid\" class=\"sc-93223220-0 sc-46222299-1 hVPZMe jMSIqG\"><div data-testid=\"chester-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/c3rx2drd8x8o\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"chester-article\" class=\"sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 eywmDE\">Will China step up if Trump takes a step back on climate change?<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"chester-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/c24110m30ddo\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"chester-article\" class=\"sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 eywmDE\">In the US, DEI is under attack. But under a different name, it might live on<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"chester-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/c245e726r79o\" data-testid=\"external-anchor\" target=\"_self\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"chester-article\" class=\"sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 eywmDE\">Will flights really reach net zero by 2050 - and at what cost to passengers?<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"embed-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jVHuOl\"><\/div><div data-component=\"tags\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jVHuOl\"><div class=\"sc-4b0aaa-0 dGavUm\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/topics\/c302m85q53mt\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Elon Musk<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/topics\/c5y915pwp89t\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">SpaceX<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/topics\/c8nq32jwjnmt\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Tesla<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/topics\/cm8m13kkyp4t\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Paris climate agreement<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/topics\/cmj34zmwm1zt\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Climate<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/topics\/cnx753jenyjt\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Environment<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/topics\/cp7r8vgl2lgt\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Donald Trump<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><aside data-testid=\"ohio-section-outer-3\" data-analytics-group=\"true\" data-analytics_group_type=\"ohio-3\" data-analytics_group_position=\"1\" data-analytics_group_item_count=\"3\" data-analytics_group_name=\"Related\" class=\"sc-227eb15e-1 dYnBSI\"><div data-testid=\"ohio-section-3\" class=\"sc-227eb15e-2 harZpM\"><div class=\"sc-2be11b79-2 koMJJi\"><div class=\"sc-2be11b79-1 ePwOJX\"><hr data-testid=\"ohio-line\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-0 bHUvKO\"\/><\/div><div data-testid=\"section-title-wrapper\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-3 iflVUS\"><div><span data-testid=\"ohio-title\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-4 fAxgMO\">Related<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"ohio-grid-3\" class=\"sc-5c4cac2b-0 kcaRJj\"><div data-testid=\"chester-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/articles\/cgj5w052x3xo\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"chester-article\" class=\"sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 eywmDE\">Judge orders Trump administration to give fired workers their jobs back<\/h2><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 gwNQGk\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 heskfp\">10 hrs ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 kVHhvu\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Technology<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"chester-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/articles\/ckgnvyggye1o\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"chester-article\" class=\"sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 eywmDE\">'Stranded' astronauts' return delayed after SpaceX launch postponed<\/h2><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 gwNQGk\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 heskfp\">21 hrs ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 kVHhvu\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">US & Canada<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"chester-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/articles\/cqjdg4x08ylo\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"chester-article\" class=\"sc-417019fc-0 iZGTHs\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 eywmDE\">Trump says anti-Tesla protesters will face 'hell'<\/h2><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 gwNQGk\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 heskfp\">2 days ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 kVHhvu\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Business<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/aside><aside data-testid=\"alaska-section-outer\" data-analytics-group=\"true\" data-analytics_group_type=\"alaska-5\" data-analytics_group_position=\"2\" data-analytics_group_item_count=\"5\" data-analytics_group_name=\"More\" class=\"sc-227eb15e-1 dYnBSI\"><div data-testid=\"alaska-section\" class=\"sc-227eb15e-2 harZpM\"><div class=\"sc-2be11b79-2 koMJJi\"><div class=\"sc-2be11b79-1 ePwOJX\"><hr data-testid=\"alaska-line\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-0 bHUvKO\"\/><\/div><div data-testid=\"section-title-wrapper\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-3 iflVUS\"><div><span data-testid=\"alaska-title\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-4 fAxgMO\">More<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-da05643e-0 kbaPPZ\"><div data-testid=\"alaska-grid\" class=\"sc-93223220-0 sc-da05643e-1 fiJvSm djXsFQ\"><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/articles\/cj0qnlpmmrro\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">1 hr ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/114d\/live\/e4624390-0089-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/114d\/live\/e4624390-0089-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/114d\/live\/e4624390-0089-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/114d\/live\/e4624390-0089-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/114d\/live\/e4624390-0089-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/114d\/live\/e4624390-0089-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/114d\/live\/e4624390-0089-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/114d\/live\/e4624390-0089-11f0-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"A man in a dark coloured suit sits on the floor among a group of people. There is a bright light focused on his face and a uniformed police officer stands behind him. \" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">Protesters disrupt St. Patrick's event in Washington D.C.<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">Relatives of teacher Enoch Burke were forcibly removed from the evening gala after heckling speeches.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">1 hr ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Northern Ireland Politics<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/articles\/c4gp6577vx7o\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">2 hrs ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/eef1\/live\/288283f0-fee6-11ef-a33c-d3dae70a9f09.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/eef1\/live\/288283f0-fee6-11ef-a33c-d3dae70a9f09.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/eef1\/live\/288283f0-fee6-11ef-a33c-d3dae70a9f09.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/eef1\/live\/288283f0-fee6-11ef-a33c-d3dae70a9f09.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/eef1\/live\/288283f0-fee6-11ef-a33c-d3dae70a9f09.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/eef1\/live\/288283f0-fee6-11ef-a33c-d3dae70a9f09.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/eef1\/live\/288283f0-fee6-11ef-a33c-d3dae70a9f09.jpg.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/eef1\/live\/288283f0-fee6-11ef-a33c-d3dae70a9f09.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Chris Devenny stands behind the beer taps of a pub, he is bald and is smiling and wearing a light-coloured small check shirt.\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">Irish immigrants in US: 'There is more of a fear element now'<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">US President Donald Trump has pledged \u201cmass deportations\u201d and his term began with immigration raids.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">2 hrs ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Northern Ireland<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/articles\/c15q07kk5lno\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">2 hrs ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/6630\/live\/38513b10-001b-11f0-892c-c52ab5b40364.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/6630\/live\/38513b10-001b-11f0-892c-c52ab5b40364.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/6630\/live\/38513b10-001b-11f0-892c-c52ab5b40364.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/6630\/live\/38513b10-001b-11f0-892c-c52ab5b40364.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/6630\/live\/38513b10-001b-11f0-892c-c52ab5b40364.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/6630\/live\/38513b10-001b-11f0-892c-c52ab5b40364.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/6630\/live\/38513b10-001b-11f0-892c-c52ab5b40364.jpg.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/6630\/live\/38513b10-001b-11f0-892c-c52ab5b40364.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"A man in a navy and\/or grey fleece folding his arms in front of his terraced house. His white hair is receding.\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">Man, 80, gives up solar panels fight with council<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">Barry Thompson's local council have refused his efforts to install six solar panels.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">2 hrs ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Essex<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/articles\/czrn4p2k30xo\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">2 hrs ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/5625\/live\/d5c79c30-ffef-11ef-89b8-6f8a578323da.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/5625\/live\/d5c79c30-ffef-11ef-89b8-6f8a578323da.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/5625\/live\/d5c79c30-ffef-11ef-89b8-6f8a578323da.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/5625\/live\/d5c79c30-ffef-11ef-89b8-6f8a578323da.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/5625\/live\/d5c79c30-ffef-11ef-89b8-6f8a578323da.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/5625\/live\/d5c79c30-ffef-11ef-89b8-6f8a578323da.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/5625\/live\/d5c79c30-ffef-11ef-89b8-6f8a578323da.jpg.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/5625\/live\/d5c79c30-ffef-11ef-89b8-6f8a578323da.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Dexter cow wearing a chain round his neck with a padlock-type gadget hung from the chain. The cow in in grassland. \" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">Electric collars help cows learn grazing boundaries<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">The technology is being used to help manage grasslands as part of the Great Fen landscape project.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">2 hrs ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">England<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_10\" id=\"dotcom-mid_10\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\/articles\/cp8l00l4rejo\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">3 hrs ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 fKfpeF\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/240\/cpsprodpb\/7411\/live\/3aeee660-0089-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/320\/cpsprodpb\/7411\/live\/3aeee660-0089-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/7411\/live\/3aeee660-0089-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/640\/cpsprodpb\/7411\/live\/3aeee660-0089-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/800\/cpsprodpb\/7411\/live\/3aeee660-0089-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1024\/cpsprodpb\/7411\/live\/3aeee660-0089-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/1536\/cpsprodpb\/7411\/live\/3aeee660-0089-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.jpg.webp 1536w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/480\/cpsprodpb\/7411\/live\/3aeee660-0089-11f0-b50e-9d086302645f.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Russian President Vladimir Putin speaks during a press conference in Moscow. Photo: 13 March 2025\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">Putin sets out conditions for Ukraine ceasefire<\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">The Russian president agrees fighting must end, but calls for the removal of the "root causes" of the war he launched.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">3 hrs ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Europe<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/aside><div class=\"zephr_meter_beta\"><\/div><div 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All rights reserved.\u00a0<i id=\"\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">\u00a0<\/i>The<i id=\"bbc\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\"> BBC <\/i>is<i id=\"not-responsible-for-the-content-of-external-sites.\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\"> not responsible for the content of external sites.<\/i>\u00a0<a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/editorialguidelines\/guidance\/feeds-and-links\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><b id=\"read-about-our-approach-to-external-linking.\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">Read about our approach to external linking.<\/b><\/a><\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">\u00a0<\/p><\/div><\/footer><\/div><\/div><script id=\"__NEXT_DATA__\" type=\"application\/json\">{\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"page\":{\"@\\\"news\\\",\\\"articles\\\",\\\"c30mjedjzgpo\\\",\":{\"id\":\"urn:bbc:optimo:asset:c30mjedjzgpo\",\"contents\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The unexpected knock-on effect of Trump's minerals 'deal of the century'\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The unexpected knock-on effect of Trump's minerals 'deal of the century'\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"timestamp\",\"model\":{\"timestamp\":1741915614940}},{\"type\":\"byline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"contributor\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"name\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Esme Stallard\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Esme Stallard\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"role\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Climate and Science Reporter\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Climate and Science Reporter\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"images\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"width\":800,\"height\":800,\"locator\":\"717a\/live\/c5a78d10-fff4-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png\",\"originCode\":\"cpsprodpb\"}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Esme Stallard\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Esme Stallard\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"timestamp\",\"model\":{\"timestamp\":1741915614940}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A montage image showing a black and white headshot of Trump on the left, and a red treated image of chemical symbols for Cobalt and Lithium\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A montage image showing a black and white headshot of Trump on the left, and a red treated image of chemical symbols for Cobalt and Lithium\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"width\":2500,\"height\":2500,\"locator\":\"c87b\/live\/25dc0340-001e-11f0-a8b1-950887ddc6e5.png\",\"originCode\":\"cpsprodpb\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"BBC\",\"suitableForSyndication\":true}}],\"emphasiseImage\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Donald Trump's return to the White House is a \\\"major blow to global climate action\\\". So said Christiana Figueres, the former UN climate chief, after he was elected in November.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Donald Trump's return to the White House is a \\\"major blow to global climate action\\\". So said Christiana Figueres, the former UN climate chief, after he was elected in November.\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Since taking office Trump has withdrawn the US from what is considered the most important global climate pact, the Paris Climate Agreement. He has also reportedly prevented US scientists from participating in international climate research and removed national electric vehicle targets.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Since taking office Trump has withdrawn the US from what is considered the most important global climate pact, the Paris Climate Agreement. He has also reportedly prevented US scientists from participating in international climate research and removed national electric vehicle targets.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Plus he derided his predecessor's attempts to develop new green technology a \\\"green new scam\\\".\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Plus he derided his predecessor's attempts to develop new green technology a \\\"green new scam\\\".\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And yet despite his history on the issue of climate, Trump has been eager to make a deal with the Ukrainian president on critical minerals. He has also taken a strong interest in Greenland and Canada \u2013 both nations rich in critical minerals.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And yet despite his history on the issue of climate, Trump has been eager to make a deal with the Ukrainian president on critical minerals. He has also taken a strong interest in Greenland and Canada \u2013 both nations rich in critical minerals.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_1\"},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"President Trump has been eager to make a deal with the Ukrainian president on critical minerals\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"President Trump has been eager to make a deal with the Ukrainian president on critical minerals\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"U.S. President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky meet in the Oval Office at the White House on February 28, 2025\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"U.S. President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky meet in the Oval Office at the White House on February 28, 2025\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"width\":1920,\"height\":1280,\"locator\":\"583e\/live\/1ceca320-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png\",\"originCode\":\"cpsprodpb\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\",\"suitableForSyndication\":true}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Critical mineral procurement has been a major focus for Trump since he took office. These minerals are crucial in industries including aerospace and defence, but intriguingly, they have another major use too - to manufacture green technology.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Critical mineral procurement has been a major focus for Trump since he took office. These minerals are crucial in industries including aerospace and defence, but intriguingly, they have another major use too - to manufacture green technology.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"So, could Trump's focus on obtaining these minerals have a knock-on effect and help unlock the US's potential in the green technology sector?\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"So, could Trump's focus on obtaining these minerals have a knock-on effect and help unlock the US's potential in the green technology sector?\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_2\"},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Elon Musk effect?\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Elon Musk effect?\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Trump's right-hand man understands more than most the importance of critical minerals in the green transition. Space X and Tesla \u2013 the companies Elon Musk leads - rely heavily on critical minerals like graphite (in electric vehicles), lithium (in batteries) and nickel (in rockets).\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Trump's right-hand man understands more than most the importance of critical minerals in the green transition. Space X and Tesla \u2013 the companies Elon Musk leads - rely heavily on critical minerals like graphite (in electric vehicles), lithium (in batteries) and nickel (in rockets).\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Dr Elizabeth Holley, associate professor of mining engineering at Colorado School of Mines, explains that each nation has its own list of critical minerals, but they are generally made up of rare earths and other metals like lithium.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Dr Elizabeth Holley, associate professor of mining engineering at Colorado School of Mines, explains that each nation has its own list of critical minerals, but they are generally made up of rare earths and other metals like lithium.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"She says demand is booming - in 2023, demand for lithium grew by 30%. This is being driven mostly by the rapid growth in the clean energy and electric vehicle sectors.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"She says demand is booming - in 2023, demand for lithium grew by 30%. This is being driven mostly by the rapid growth in the clean energy and electric vehicle sectors.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Space X and Tesla rely heavily on critical minerals\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Space X and Tesla rely heavily on critical minerals\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Tesla CEO Elon Musk speaks during the official opening of the a Tesla electric car manufacturing plant\\n\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Tesla CEO Elon Musk speaks during the official opening of the a Tesla electric car manufacturing plant\\n\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"width\":1920,\"height\":1280,\"locator\":\"ef08\/live\/f99628b0-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png\",\"originCode\":\"cpsprodpb\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\",\"suitableForSyndication\":true}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_3\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Within two decades they will make up almost 90% of the demand for lithium, 70% of the demand for cobalt, and 40% for rare earths, according to the International Energy Agency.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Within two decades they will make up almost 90% of the demand for lithium, 70% of the demand for cobalt, and 40% for rare earths, according to the International Energy Agency.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Such has been Musk's concern with getting hold of some of these minerals that three years ago he tweeted: \\\"Price of lithium has gone to insane levels! Tesla might actually have to get into the mining \\u0026 refining directly at scale, unless costs improve.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Such has been Musk's concern with getting hold of some of these minerals that three years ago he tweeted: \\\"Price of lithium has gone to insane levels! Tesla might actually have to get into the mining \\u0026 refining directly at scale, unless costs improve.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"He went on to write that there is no shortage of the element but pace of extraction is slow.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"He went on to write that there is no shortage of the element but pace of extraction is slow.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The US position in the global race\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The US position in the global race\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The weakness of the US position in rare earths and critical minerals (such as cobalt and nickel) was addressed in a report published by a US Government Select Committee in December 2023. It said: \\\"The United States must rethink its policy approach to critical mineral and rare earth element supply chains because of the risks posed by our current dependence on the People's Republic of China.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The weakness of the US position in rare earths and critical minerals (such as cobalt and nickel) was addressed in a report published by a US Government Select Committee in December 2023. It said: \\\"The United States must rethink its policy approach to critical mineral and rare earth element supply chains because of the risks posed by our current dependence on the People's Republic of China.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Failure to do so, it warned, could cause \\\"defense production to grind to a halt and choke off manufacturing of other advanced technologies\\\".\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Failure to do so, it warned, could cause \\\"defense production to grind to a halt and choke off manufacturing of other advanced technologies\\\".\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"China's dominance in the market has come from its early recognition of the economic opportunities that green technology offers.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"China's dominance in the market has come from its early recognition of the economic opportunities that green technology offers.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"China made a decision about 10 years ago about where the trend was going and has strategically pursued the development of not just renewables but also electric vehicles and now dominates the market,\\\" says Bob Ward, policy director at The London School of Economics (LSE) Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"China made a decision about 10 years ago about where the trend was going and has strategically pursued the development of not just renewables but also electric vehicles and now dominates the market,\\\" says Bob Ward, policy director at The London School of Economics (LSE) Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_4\"},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"China made a decision years ago about where the trend was going, argues one expert\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"China made a decision years ago about where the trend was going, argues one expert\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A ship carrying tons of nickel ore carries out loading and unloading operations in China\\n\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A ship carrying tons of nickel ore carries out loading and unloading operations in China\\n\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"width\":1920,\"height\":1280,\"locator\":\"3377\/live\/1456c2e0-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png\",\"originCode\":\"cpsprodpb\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\",\"suitableForSyndication\":true}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Daisy Jennings-Gray, head of prices at price reporting agency Benchmark Mineral Intelligence explains that they are critical minerals because they are geologically restricted. \\\"You cannot guarantee you will have economically recoverable reserves in every country.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Daisy Jennings-Gray, head of prices at price reporting agency Benchmark Mineral Intelligence explains that they are critical minerals because they are geologically restricted. \\\"You cannot guarantee you will have economically recoverable reserves in every country.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Some minerals like lithium are abundant on Earth but often they are located in difficult to reach places, so the logistics of a mining project can be very expensive. In other cases, there is dependency on one country that produces a large share of global supply \u2013 like cobalt from the The Democratic Republic of Congo. This means that if there is a natural disaster or political unrest it has an impact on the price, says Ms Jennings-Gray.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Some minerals like lithium are abundant on Earth but often they are located in difficult to reach places, so the logistics of a mining project can be very expensive. In other cases, there is dependency on one country that produces a large share of global supply \u2013 like cobalt from the The Democratic Republic of Congo. This means that if there is a natural disaster or political unrest it has an impact on the price, says Ms Jennings-Gray.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"China has managed to shore up supply by investing heavily in Africa and South America, but where it really has a stronghold on the market is in processing (or the separation of the mineral from other elements in the rock).\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"China has managed to shore up supply by investing heavily in Africa and South America, but where it really has a stronghold on the market is in processing (or the separation of the mineral from other elements in the rock).\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_5\"},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Sometimes there is single nation dependency - like cobalt from the The Democratic Republic of Congo\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Sometimes there is single nation dependency - like cobalt from the The Democratic Republic of Congo\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"People working in the Lukushi river in The Democratic Republic of Congo\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"People working in the Lukushi river in The Democratic Republic of Congo\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"width\":1920,\"height\":1280,\"locator\":\"1ba5\/live\/f17a3360-ff32-11ef-8c3d-b7dcc7510cb1.png\",\"originCode\":\"cpsprodpb\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\",\"suitableForSyndication\":true}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"China accounts for 60 percent of global rare earth production but processes nearly 90 percent - [it] is dominant on this stage,\\\" says Gracelin Baskaran, director of the critical minerals security program at the Centre for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"China accounts for 60 percent of global rare earth production but processes nearly 90 percent - [it] is dominant on this stage,\\\" says Gracelin Baskaran, director of the critical minerals security program at the Centre for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"She says the country understands how important this is in economic trade - a few days after Trump introduced tariffs on China its government hit back by imposing export controls on more than 20 critical minerals including graphite and tungsten.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"She says the country understands how important this is in economic trade - a few days after Trump introduced tariffs on China its government hit back by imposing export controls on more than 20 critical minerals including graphite and tungsten.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"What is motivating Trump is a fear of being at a disadvantage, argues Christopher Knittel, professor of applied economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"What is motivating Trump is a fear of being at a disadvantage, argues Christopher Knittel, professor of applied economics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"I think what is driving this is because China is the dominant player on the processing side,\\\" he says. \\\"It is that processing stage, which is the high margin stage of the business, so China is making a lot of money.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"I think what is driving this is because China is the dominant player on the processing side,\\\" he says. \\\"It is that processing stage, which is the high margin stage of the business, so China is making a lot of money.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"As he puts it, it is a \\\"happy coincidence\\\" that this could end up supporting green technology.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"As he puts it, it is a \\\"happy coincidence\\\" that this could end up supporting green technology.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The key question though is whether the US is too late to fully capitalise on the sector?\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The key question though is whether the US is too late to fully capitalise on the sector?\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_6\"},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A stark warning for the US\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A stark warning for the US\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In the early days, the green transition was \\\"framed as a burden\\\" for countries, according to LSE's Bob Ward. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In the early days, the green transition was \\\"framed as a burden\\\" for countries, according to LSE's Bob Ward. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Biden administration was highly supportive of green technology industries through its introduction of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) in August 2022, which offers tax credits, loans and other incentives to technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, from battery technologies for electric vehicles to solar panels. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Biden administration was highly supportive of green technology industries through its introduction of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) in August 2022, which offers tax credits, loans and other incentives to technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, from battery technologies for electric vehicles to solar panels. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"By August 2024 it was estimated to have brought $493bn (\u00a3382bn) of investment to US green industry, according to the think tank Clean Investment Monitor.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"By August 2024 it was estimated to have brought $493bn (\u00a3382bn) of investment to US green industry, according to the think tank Clean Investment Monitor.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The previous administration was supportive of green technology industries through its introduction of the Inflation Reduction Act\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The previous administration was supportive of green technology industries through its introduction of the Inflation Reduction Act\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Former US President Joe Biden signs The Inflation Reduction Act \\n\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Former US President Joe Biden signs The Inflation Reduction Act \\n\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"width\":1920,\"height\":1280,\"locator\":\"84d0\/live\/26c9a960-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png\",\"originCode\":\"cpsprodpb\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\",\"suitableForSyndication\":true}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_7\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And yet little work was done to support upstream processes like obtaining critical minerals, says Ms Gray from Benchmark Intelligence. Instead, the Biden administration focused heavily on downstream manufacturing - the process of getting products from the manufacturer to the end consumer.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And yet little work was done to support upstream processes like obtaining critical minerals, says Ms Gray from Benchmark Intelligence. Instead, the Biden administration focused heavily on downstream manufacturing - the process of getting products from the manufacturer to the end consumer.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But Trump's recent moves to procure these critical minerals suggest a focus on the upstream process may now be happening.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But Trump's recent moves to procure these critical minerals suggest a focus on the upstream process may now be happening.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"The IRA put a lot of legislation in places to limit trade and supply only from friendly nations.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"The IRA put a lot of legislation in places to limit trade and supply only from friendly nations.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"Trump is changing tact and looking at securing critical minerals agreements that owes something to the US,\\\" explains Ms Gray.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"Trump is changing tact and looking at securing critical minerals agreements that owes something to the US,\\\" explains Ms Gray.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Whispers of another executive order\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Whispers of another executive order\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"There could be further moves from Trump coming down the line. Those working in the sector say whispers in the corridors of the White House suggest that he may be about to pass a \\\"Critical Minerals Executive Order,\\\" which could funnel further investment into this objective.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"There could be further moves from Trump coming down the line. Those working in the sector say whispers in the corridors of the White House suggest that he may be about to pass a \\\"Critical Minerals Executive Order,\\\" which could funnel further investment into this objective.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The exact details that may be included in the executive order remain unclear, but experts knowledgeable with the issue have said it may include measures to accelerate mining in the US, including fast tracking permits and investment to construct processing plants.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The exact details that may be included in the executive order remain unclear, but experts knowledgeable with the issue have said it may include measures to accelerate mining in the US, including fast tracking permits and investment to construct processing plants.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Although work may now be under way to secure these minerals, Prof Willy Shih of Harvard Business School thinks that the US administration lacks understanding of the technical complexity of establishing mineral supply chains, and emphasises the time commitment required. \\\"If you want to build a new mine and processing facility it might take you 10 years.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Although work may now be under way to secure these minerals, Prof Willy Shih of Harvard Business School thinks that the US administration lacks understanding of the technical complexity of establishing mineral supply chains, and emphasises the time commitment required. \\\"If you want to build a new mine and processing facility it might take you 10 years.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_8\"},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In 2023, lithium demand grew by 30% and rare earths up to 15%\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In 2023, lithium demand grew by 30% and rare earths up to 15%\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"An employee walking in the open-pit mine at a lithium plant \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"An employee walking in the open-pit mine at a lithium plant \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"width\":1920,\"height\":1280,\"locator\":\"f793\/live\/01e36730-ff33-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png\",\"originCode\":\"cpsprodpb\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\",\"suitableForSyndication\":true}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"As a policy of his predecessor and one that is so obviously pro-climate action, Trump has been vocally opposed to maintaining the IRA. But its success in red states mean that many Republican senators have been trying to convince him to keep it in some form in his proposed \\\"big, beautiful bill\\\" - the plan to pile all of Trump's main policy goals into one mega-bill - due to be revealed later this month.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"As a policy of his predecessor and one that is so obviously pro-climate action, Trump has been vocally opposed to maintaining the IRA. But its success in red states mean that many Republican senators have been trying to convince him to keep it in some form in his proposed \\\"big, beautiful bill\\\" - the plan to pile all of Trump's main policy goals into one mega-bill - due to be revealed later this month.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Analysis by the Clean Investment Monitor shows in the last 18 months Republican-held states had received 77% of the investment.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Analysis by the Clean Investment Monitor shows in the last 18 months Republican-held states had received 77% of the investment.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"MIT's Dr Knittel says for states like Georgia, which has become part of what is now known as the \\\"battery belt\\\" following a boom in battery production following IRA support, these tax credits are crucial for these industries to survive.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"MIT's Dr Knittel says for states like Georgia, which has become part of what is now known as the \\\"battery belt\\\" following a boom in battery production following IRA support, these tax credits are crucial for these industries to survive.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"He adds that failure to do so poses a real political threat for US representatives who are up for re-election in less than two years.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"He adds that failure to do so poses a real political threat for US representatives who are up for re-election in less than two years.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If Trump loses even just one seat to the Democrats in the 2026 mid-terms, then he loses the house majority - limiting his ability to pass key pieces of legislation. \",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If Trump loses even just one seat to the Democrats in the 2026 mid-terms, then he loses the house majority - limiting his ability to pass key pieces of legislation. \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_9\"},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Since taking office Donald Trump has withdrawn the US from the Paris Climate Agreement\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Since taking office Donald Trump has withdrawn the US from the Paris Climate Agreement\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"President Donald Trump walks across the South Lawn at the White House \\n\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"President Donald Trump walks across the South Lawn at the White House \\n\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"width\":1920,\"height\":1280,\"locator\":\"7f59\/live\/e9ac8520-ff32-11ef-b50e-9d086302645f.png\",\"originCode\":\"cpsprodpb\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Getty Images\",\"suitableForSyndication\":true}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"suitableForAbridgement\":false,\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Carl Fleming was an advisor to former President Biden's Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Advisory Committee and is a partner at law firm McDermott, Will \\u0026 Emery advising clients in the clean tech and energy space. He says that despite the uncertainty investors remain confident. \\\"In the last month my practice has been busier than ever, and this is since quadrupling last year following the IRA.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Carl Fleming was an advisor to former President Biden's Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Advisory Committee and is a partner at law firm McDermott, Will \\u0026 Emery advising clients in the clean tech and energy space. He says that despite the uncertainty investors remain confident. \\\"In the last month my practice has been busier than ever, and this is since quadrupling last year following the IRA.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"He also believes that there is a recognition of the need to maintain parts of the IRA \u2013 although this may be alongside expansion of some fossil fuels. \\\"If you are really trying to be America first and energy secure you want to pull on all your levers. Keep solar and keep battery storage going and add more natural gas to release America's energy prowess.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"He also believes that there is a recognition of the need to maintain parts of the IRA \u2013 although this may be alongside expansion of some fossil fuels. \\\"If you are really trying to be America first and energy secure you want to pull on all your levers. Keep solar and keep battery storage going and add more natural gas to release America's energy prowess.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But the uncertainty of the US position is little consolation for its absence on the international climate stage, says LSE's Bob Ward. \\\"When the Americans are on the ball it helps to move people in the right direction and that's how we got the Paris Climate Agreement.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"But the uncertainty of the US position is little consolation for its absence on the international climate stage, says LSE's Bob Ward. \\\"When the Americans are on the ball it helps to move people in the right direction and that's how we got the Paris Climate Agreement.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"For those in the climate space Trump is certainly not an environmentalist. What's clear is he is not concerned with making his legacy an environmental one but an economic one - though he could achieve the former if he can be convinced it will boost the economy.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"For those in the climate space Trump is certainly not an environmentalist. 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