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L52.6469157,22.0797177 L52.6469157,17.2209385 Z M15.8775714,17.2209385 C18.1129054,17.2209385 19.2307946,18.0434943 19.2307946,19.6881614 C19.2307946,20.4602728 18.9370167,21.0518285 18.3496832,21.4629397 C17.7622386,21.8743843 16.9216828,22.0797177 15.8286825,22.0797177 L15.8286825,22.0797177 L12.6469038,22.0797177 L12.6469038,17.2209385 Z M55.412572,9.92028073 C57.3541282,9.92028073 58.3252396,10.6338365 58.3252396,12.0600591 C58.3252396,12.7988371 58.0763506,13.373504 57.5786838,13.7846152 C57.0807948,14.1960598 56.3587946,14.4013932 55.412572,14.4013932 L55.412572,14.4013932 L52.6469046,14.4013932 L52.6469046,9.92028073 Z M15.4125601,9.92028073 C17.3541163,9.92028073 18.3252277,10.6338365 18.3252277,12.0600591 C18.3252277,12.7988371 18.0762276,13.373504 17.5786719,13.7846152 C17.0807829,14.1960598 16.3587826,14.4013932 15.4125601,14.4013932 L15.4125601,14.4013932 L12.6468927,14.4013932 L12.6468927,9.92028073 Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-d6c9e5b8-7 kMdlAO\"><!--$!--><!--\/$--><\/div><\/div><\/header><nav data-testid=\"level1-navigation-container\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-9 hBTemC\"><section class=\"sc-f116bf72-0 hkTqj\"><nav class=\"sc-f116bf72-1 xECcw\"><ul class=\"sc-f116bf72-2 bXpjTY\"><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Home<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/news\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">News<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/sport\" data-testid=\"mainNavigationLink\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Sport<\/a><\/div><\/li><li data-testid=\"mainNavigationItemStyled\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-3 cHJCBW\"><div 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tIuPV\">Live<\/a><\/div><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/section><\/nav><noscript><details class=\"sc-c8fbcff-0 jLNykE\"><summary class=\"sc-c8fbcff-2 glQTWZ\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"20\" height=\"20\" category=\"actions\" icon=\"list-view-text\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M1 7.5h30V1.9H1v5.6zm0 22.6h30v-5.6H1v5.6zm0-11.3h30v-5.6H1v5.6z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/summary><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 kPEgTc\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/home\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Home<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">News<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/topics\/c2vdnvdg6xxt\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Israel-Gaza War<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/war-in-ukraine\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">War in Ukraine<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/us-canada\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">US & Canada<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/uk\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">UK<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/politics\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">UK Politics<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/england\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">England<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/northern_ireland\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">N. 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Ireland Politics<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bLMSxz\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/scotland\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Scotland<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/scotland\/scotland_politics\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Scotland Politics<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bLMSxz\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/wales\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Wales<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/wales\/wales_politics\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Wales Politics<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bLMSxz\"><\/ul><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/africa\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Africa<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/asia\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Asia<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/asia\/china\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">China<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/asia\/india\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">India<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/australia\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Australia<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/europe\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Europe<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/latin_america\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Latin America<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/world\/middle_east\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Middle East<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/in_pictures\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">In Pictures<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/bbcindepth\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">BBC InDepth<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/news\/bbcverify\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">BBC Verify<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/sport\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Sport<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/business\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Business<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/business\/executive-lounge\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Executive Lounge<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/business\/technology-of-business\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Technology of Business<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/business\/future-of-business\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Future of Business<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Innovation<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\/technology\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Technology<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\/science\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Science & Health<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\/artificial-intelligence\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Artificial Intelligence<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/innovation\/ai-v-the-mind\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">AI v the Mind<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Culture<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/film-tv\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Film & TV<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/music\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Music<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/art\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Art & Design<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/style\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Style<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/books\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Books<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/culture\/entertainment-news\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Entertainment News<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/arts\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Arts<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/arts\/arts-in-motion\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Arts in Motion<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Travel<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Destinations<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/africa\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Africa<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/antarctica\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Antarctica<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/asia\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Asia<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/australia-and-pacific\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Australia and Pacific<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/caribbean\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Caribbean & Bermuda<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/central-america\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Central America<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/europe\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Europe<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/middle-east\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Middle East<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/north-america\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">North America<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/destinations\/south-america\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">South America<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 khALxp\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/worlds-table\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">World\u2019s Table<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/cultural-experiences\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Culture & Experiences<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/adventures\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Adventures<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/travel\/specialist\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">The SpeciaList<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Earth<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 lgTkUi\"><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/natural-wonders\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Natural Wonders<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/weather-science\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Weather & Science<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 jtEFxm\"><a href=\"\/future-planet\/solutions\" class=\"sc-f116bf72-4 tIuPV\">Climate Solutions<\/a><\/li><ul class=\"sc-c8fbcff-1 bXKLZA\"><\/ul><li class=\"sc-c8fbcff-3 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icon=\"chevron-down\" data-testid=\"menuItem-ChevronIcon-\/live\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M17.7 22.6.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4zm0 0L.9 4.2v6.7L16 27.8 31.1 11V4.3L14.3 22.6h3.4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/button><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/weather\">Weather<\/span><\/button><\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"navigationPanel-navItem-level0-\/\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-5 gponRQ\"><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/newsletters\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><button data-testid=\"level0NavButton-https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/newsletters\" class=\"sc-c2aa8288-2 irTfjU\"><span data-testid=\"level0NavText-https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/newsletters\">Newsletters<\/span><\/button><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><main id=\"main-content\"><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 bFAJrO\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-top\" id=\"dotcom-top\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><article><div data-component=\"headline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h1 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 itISwu\">The bizarre quantum paradox of 'negative time'<!-- --><\/h1><\/div><div data-component=\"byline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><div data-testid=\"byline-new\" class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-0 haItSe\"><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-1 cjDa-dM\"><time dateTime=\"2025-03-08T10:00:00.000Z\" class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-2 jViTsK\">11 hours ago<\/time><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-3 cFXrjb\"><!--$!--><button disabled=\"\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Share\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 oYtVL dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 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data-testid=\"byline-new-contributors\" class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-12 fcCDwR\"><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-5 evAEAB\"><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-6 boFwIm\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/$recipe\/ic\/\/p0b1vd5n.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/$recipe\/ic\/\/p0b1vd5n.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/$recipe\/ic\/\/p0b1vd5n.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/$recipe\/ic\/\/p0b1vd5n.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/$recipe\/ic\/\/p0b1vd5n.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/$recipe\/ic\/\/p0b1vd5n.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/$recipe\/ic\/\/p0b1vd5n.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/$recipe\/ic\/\/p0b1vd5n.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/$recipe\/ic\/\/p0b1vd5n.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/news\/$recipe\/ic\/\/p0b1vd5n.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"By Richard Fisher profile image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><div><span class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-7 kItaYD\">Richard Fisher<\/span><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-8 bTSIhT\"><span><a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/rifish\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-10 knsvcP\">@rifish<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-b42e7a8f-4 ffcVEa\"><!--$!--><button disabled=\"\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Share\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 oYtVL dRvUPz dXDmtS\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 dMpdqo\"><svg width=\"12\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 14\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" category=\"social\" icon=\"share\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M9.51768 8.96851C8.95518 8.96851 8.44393 9.19851 8.07227 9.57018L4.19727 7.36685C4.24893 7.18768 4.2856 7.00185 4.2856 6.80685C4.2856 6.61102 4.24977 6.42518 4.19893 6.2456L8.06143 4.04935C8.43393 4.42602 8.94977 4.66102 9.51768 4.66102C10.661 4.66102 11.5852 3.73643 11.5852 2.60893C11.5852 1.46518 10.661 0.541016 9.51768 0.541016C8.38977 0.541016 7.4656 1.46518 7.4656 2.60893C7.4656 2.78727 7.49602 2.95768 7.53935 3.12352L3.70727 5.37643C3.33143 4.98477 2.80477 4.73935 2.2181 4.73935C1.09018 4.73935 0.166016 5.6631 0.166016 6.80685C0.166016 7.93476 1.09018 8.85851 2.2181 8.85851C2.8006 8.85851 3.32435 8.61726 3.69977 8.23268L7.54602 10.4943C7.49893 10.6681 7.4656 10.8473 7.4656 11.036C7.4656 12.1639 8.38977 13.0881 9.51768 13.0881C10.661 13.0881 11.5852 12.1639 11.5852 11.036C11.5852 9.89268 10.661 8.96851 9.51768 8.96851\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span data-testid=\"button-text\" aria-hidden=\"false\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-1 eihkAj\">Share<\/span><\/button><button disabled=\"\" type=\"button\" aria-label=\"Save\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-2 sc-48d6da7e-5 sc-48d6da7e-6 iQJDhl cCYQUA kItbpD\"><span data-testid=\"button-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-0 dMpdqo\"><svg width=\"32\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 14\" category=\"account\" icon=\"saved-items-outlined\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M5.99996 9.43351L9.46496 11.0741L9.46496 2.0125L2.53496 2.0125L2.53496 11.0741L5.99996 9.43351ZM0.959961 13.5625L0.959961 0.4375L11.04 0.4375L11.04 13.5625L5.99996 11.1761L0.959961 13.5625Z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span data-testid=\"button-text\" aria-hidden=\"false\" class=\"sc-48d6da7e-1 eihkAj\">Save<\/span><\/button><!--\/$--><\/div><\/div><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 ejjhCR\"><div data-testid=\"hero-image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160xn\/p0kwlk0y.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240xn\/p0kwlk0y.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320xn\/p0kwlk0y.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kwlk0y.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640xn\/p0kwlk0y.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800xn\/p0kwlk0y.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024xn\/p0kwlk0y.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376xn\/p0kwlk0y.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kwlk0y.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kwlk0y.jpg.webp\" loading=\"eager\" alt=\"Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout A fractured image of a man and woman playing with a large beachball (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">(Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)<!-- --><\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><b id=\"in-the-quantum-world,-our-intuitive-grasp-of-past,-present-and-future-may-not-apply.-richard-fisher-explores-the-discombobulating-concepts-of-"negative-time"-and-"retrocausality".\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">In the quantum world, our intuitive grasp of past, present and future may not apply. Richard Fisher explores the discombobulating concepts of "negative time" and "retrocausality".<!-- --><\/b><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Tony Soprano is smoking a cigar, driving home. His journey begins in Manhattan, where he enters the Lincoln Tunnel, headed towards New Jersey. There's no traffic, so he passes through in a few minutes, emerging into the daylight.\u00a0<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">So begins the familiar opening credits of <!-- --><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/culture\/article\/20190108-the-sopranos-a-revolutionary-show-well-talk-about-forever\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">The Sopranos<!-- --><\/a> TV show.\u00a0<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">In the physical world of mafia bosses, one event follows another. So if Tony strikes a match to light his cigar, this needs to happen before the tip ignites. Such causality appears to be fundamental to how we experience the Universe.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">However, at the quantum level, temporal sequencing is not so clear or intuitive. In recent years, physicists have been exploring some seriously head-scratching behaviours at very small scales \u2013\u00a0some of which can be explained; some of which seem to throw our understanding of past, present and future into question.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_1\" id=\"dotcom-mid_1\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">To get a flavour, imagine The Sopranos opening credits featured an FBI helicopter watching Tony emerge from the Lincoln Tunnel \u2013\u00a0but they can't make sense of what they're seeing. From their perspective, the mafia boss leaves the tunnel before he enters. And when the confused FBI officers check their watches, he has spent a <!-- --><i id=\"negative\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">negative<!-- --><\/i> amount of time driving between Manhattan and New Jersey.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">That of course is impossible. However, recently physicists were in the headlines for measuring a duration of <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2409.03680\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">"negative time"<!-- --><\/a>. In quantum experiments, they sent light-pulses through the equivalent of a tunnel \u2013\u00a0but like Tony Soprano's puzzling drive, the pulses apparently spent less than zero time travelling through.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">And that's not the only baffling example of temporal strangeness at very small scales \u2013 other theorists think it's conceivable that some particles could even change the past from the future, via an effect called "retrocausality". In the quantum world, it seems our familiar understanding of time quickly becomes, well, disordered.\u00a0<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\"><span id=\"a-negative-delay\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kPypaC\"><b id=\"a-negative-delay\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">A negative delay<!-- --><\/b><\/span><span id=\"\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kPypaC\">\u00a0<!-- --><\/span><\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">This year will mark 100 years since the development of quantum mechanics, and the UN has designated 2025 as the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/quantum2025.org\/en\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">International Year of Quantum Science and Technology<!-- --><\/a>. Over the past century, physicists have explored all sorts of unusual behaviours in the quantum world: <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceexchange.caltech.edu\/topics\/quantum-science-explained\/entanglement\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">entanglement<!-- --><\/a>, <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceexchange.caltech.edu\/topics\/quantum-science-explained\/quantum-superposition\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">superposition<!-- --><\/a>, <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/scienceexchange.caltech.edu\/topics\/quantum-science-explained\/uncertainty-principle\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">uncertainty<!-- --><\/a> and more.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">One of the lesser-known examples is a puzzling way that light tunnels through barriers, such as clouds of atoms. In the 1990s, physicists fired photons through a barrier as a "<!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/physics.aps.org\/story\/v22\/st8\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">wave packet<!-- --><\/a>" (a bundle of waves that describes both the particle and wave nature of light). Puzzlingly, the packet's peak <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S007966380870341X\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">apparently emerged before they entered<!-- --><\/a> \u2013\u00a0like a car leaving a tunnel before it drove in.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_2\" id=\"dotcom-mid_2\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160xn\/p0kwsy0k.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240xn\/p0kwsy0k.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320xn\/p0kwsy0k.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kwsy0k.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640xn\/p0kwsy0k.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800xn\/p0kwsy0k.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024xn\/p0kwsy0k.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376xn\/p0kwsy0k.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kwsy0k.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kwsy0k.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"In this simplified diagram, a wave packet peak travelling from left to right emerges from a barrier apparently before it enters (Credit: BBC)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">In this simplified diagram, a wave packet peak travelling from left to right emerges from a barrier apparently before it enters (Credit: BBC)<!-- --><\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Earlier theory in the mid-20th Century had <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.elsevier.com\/books\/wave-propagation-and-group-velocity\/massey\/978-1-4832-3068-9\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">predicted the effect<!-- --><\/a> \u2013 now known as a "negative group delay" \u2013 but observing it experimentally was another thing, because it should be impossible. It suggested that light could travel faster than itself, which is nonsensical. Moreover, events in time were apparently occurring out of order.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"We had to find a new way to reconcile that with our ideas of causality," says physicist Aephraim Steinberg of the University of Toronto.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">In the intervening years, Steinberg and his fellow physicists proposed what could be happening, without violating known physical laws. In short, they argued that the wave packet was not time-travelling but reorganising itself to give the <!-- --><i id=\"appearance\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">appearance<!-- --><\/i> of effect coming before cause.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">To understand, imagine a line of cars driving between New York and New Jersey, says Steinberg. We might picture them as 100 Tony Sopranos, each driving bumper-to-bumper. These represent photons in a wave packet.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_3\" id=\"dotcom-mid_3\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">The line of Tonys depart Manhattan at 13.00. At around 13.30, the midpoint of this car-train enters the Lincoln Tunnel. This is the peak of a wave packet. You would expect this peak to emerge a few minutes later, right? However, the peak has already left the tunnel \u2013\u00a0at 13.25. Tony Soprano, apparent time-traveller.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">What may actually be happening at the quantum level, inside the barrier, is that not all the photons are making it through, says Steinberg. In the car analogy, some Tonys are getting pulled over or turned back; in the experiment, they are absorbed or ejected by atoms within the barrier. When this happens, the forward tail of the wave packet reshapes itself into a new peak. It looks uncannily like the one entering.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160xn\/p0kwlkfx.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240xn\/p0kwlkfx.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320xn\/p0kwlkfx.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kwlkfx.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640xn\/p0kwlkfx.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800xn\/p0kwlkfx.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024xn\/p0kwlkfx.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376xn\/p0kwlkfx.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kwlkfx.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kwlkfx.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout At very small scales, time appears to work very differently to the way we're used to (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">At very small scales, time appears to work very differently to the way we're used to (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)<!-- --><\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Naturally, it's more complex than that \u2013\u00a0photons don't act like queuing cars because their position is undetermined. "The photons don't have any individual identity," says Steinberg. "That's why the tunnel is purely an analogy, but it's meant to show that there's no contradiction with causality." So what appears to be a violation of physical laws is <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-020-2490-7\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">more like a reorganisation within the light-pulse<!-- --><\/a>. With this explanation, no particle is experiencing negative time and there's no faster-than-light travel.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Mystery solved? Not quite.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_4\" id=\"dotcom-mid_4\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\"><span id=\"a-negative-duration\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kPypaC\"><b id=\"a-negative-duration\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">A negative duration<!-- --><\/b><\/span><\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">More recent experiments from Steinberg's group have added a new twist and can't be explained (yet). Whereas physicists in the earlier work were observing an apparent negative <!-- --><i id=\"delay\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">delay<!-- --><\/i> \u2013\u00a0a pulse leaving a barrier before it entered \u2013\u00a0this time, a team led by physicist Daniela Angulo Murcillo calculated <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2409.03680\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">a negative <!-- --><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2409.03680\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><i id=\"duration\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">duration<!-- --><\/i><\/a><i id=\".\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">.<!-- --><\/i><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Delay and duration sound like they should be the same: after all, if your flight has a delay, that's the same as the duration you spend waiting. But that doesn't appear to be the case at atomic scales. "It turns out quantum mechanics says there might be one process \u2013 one event \u2013 that's described by multiple time scales," says Steinberg. "So you might ask, 'when does [a photon] arrive?' You might ask, 'how long does it spend in the barrier?' You're not necessarily going to get the same answer."\u00a0<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">A negative measurement of duration has added a new level of strangeness. In the car analogy, Tony Soprano is spending less than zero amount of time in the tunnel, and it can't be explained by the same wave packet reshuffling that explained the negative delay.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"quote-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><div class=\"sc-9967660-0 WkJHg\"><div class=\"sc-9967660-1 dBFvZy\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"1em\" height=\"1em\" category=\"personalisation\" icon=\"quote\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M9.83967 17.2131C9.205 17.2131 8.62967 17.3124 8.07567 17.5058C8.63767 13.3384 10.9143 10.0091 14.7517 6.88708H10.0903C6.281 10.2704 4.00033 14.6318 4.00033 20.0451C4.00033 24.4311 6.35567 26.9371 9.78967 26.9371C13.0223 26.9371 14.9023 24.5564 14.9023 21.9751C14.9023 19.2184 12.7217 17.2131 9.83967 17.2131Z\"><\/path><path d=\"M22.2957 17.2131C21.6611 17.2131 21.0864 17.3124 20.5317 17.5058C21.0931 13.3384 23.3704 10.0091 27.2077 6.88708H22.5464C18.7371 10.2704 16.4811 14.6318 16.4811 20.0451C16.4811 24.4311 18.8117 26.9371 22.2457 26.9371C25.4784 26.9371 27.3584 24.5564 27.3584 21.9751C27.3584 19.2184 25.1777 17.2131 22.2957 17.2131Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><span class=\"sc-9967660-2 kcfPbO\">There's no clear correspondence to the world that we know: the physical world we experience. And so we're just left saying, 'Okay, well, I guess quantum mechanics are just different' \u2013 Josiah Sinclair<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"When the weirdness was explored in the 1990s, people made sense of it. But looking again, a little deeper, the mystery appears to be kind of irrepressible now. There's something here that is truly, seemingly paradoxical," says Josiah Sinclair, now at MIT, who worked with Steinberg and colleagues in recent years <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prxquantum\/abstract\/10.1103\/PRXQuantum.3.010314\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">to explore this phenomenon<!-- --><\/a>.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_5\" id=\"dotcom-mid_5\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">It began with a seemingly simple question: <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-020-2490-7\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">how long do <!-- --><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-020-2490-7\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">photons spend tunnelling through a barrier<!-- --><\/a>? Making this measurement is not as easy as setting a stopwatch. Unlike cars in a tunnel, photons have no fixed position or trajectory through space. "An incredibly fundamental and deep insight about the nature of photons is that they don't have the same reality," says Sinclair. "Their existence is fundamentally different to cars. We can't label and track them."<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">So, the physicists measured the spent time indirectly, by analysing the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2310.00432\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">excitation of atoms<!-- --><\/a> within the barrier, as photons pass through or strike them. To return to the car-tunnel analogy, Sinclair says it's a bit like analysing passing vehicles using only their emissions. If you installed a carbon monoxide monitor inside the Lincoln Tunnel, you couldn't track individual cars but you could maybe figure out how long the passing vehicles spent in there.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160xn\/p0kwlkp6.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240xn\/p0kwlkp6.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320xn\/p0kwlkp6.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kwlkp6.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640xn\/p0kwlkp6.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800xn\/p0kwlkp6.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024xn\/p0kwlkp6.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376xn\/p0kwlkp6.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kwlkp6.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kwlkp6.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout The unusual way time seems to work on the quantum level is one of many types of weirdness at the world's smallest scales (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">The unusual way time seems to work on the quantum level is one of many types of weirdness at the world's smallest scales (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)<!-- --><\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"The shocking thing is that when you design something that measures how long are the cars in the tunnel \u2013 this carbon monoxide monitor \u2013 it turns out that the monitor in this kind of quantum mechanical situation will read negative minutes," says Sinclair.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"We understand mathematically why it's happening, but we don't know how to talk about the physical meaning of it," he continues. "There's no clear correspondence to the world that we know: the physical world we experience. And so we're just left saying, 'Okay, well, I guess quantum mechanics are just different'."<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_6\" id=\"dotcom-mid_6\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"subheadline-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 eeiVGB\"><h2 class=\"sc-518485e5-0 DkKTF\"><span id=\"retrocausality\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kPypaC\"><b id=\"retrocausality\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">Retrocausality<!-- --><\/b><\/span><span id=\"\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kPypaC\">\u00a0<!-- --><\/span><\/h2><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">If you think that is strange though, quantum mechanics has even more bewilderment in store. In recent years, some theorists have proposed that <!-- --><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20231110-doctor-who-is-time-travel-really-possible-heres-what-physics-says\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">particles may be able to change the past from the future<!-- --><\/a> \u2013\u00a0so-called "retrocausality".<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">While this idea doesn't have the observational evidence of the quantum tunnel experiments, it's a prospect taken seriously by physicists. The reason is that such temporal weirdness would help to solve an apparent impossibility <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature.2015.18255\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">they <!-- --><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature.2015.18255\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><i id=\"have\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">have<!-- --><\/i><\/a><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature.2015.18255\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"> observed<!-- --><\/a>, dubbed "<!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/aeon.co\/essays\/can-retrocausality-solve-the-puzzle-of-action-at-a-distance\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">spooky action at a distance<!-- --><\/a>".<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">This spooky action happens when <!-- --><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/science-environment-63121287\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">two particles are "entangled"<!-- --><\/a>, which means they are strongly connected, regardless of how far apart they are physically. In principle, they could be at opposite sides of the Universe, but when scientists measure, say, the spin or polarisation of one entangled particle, a corresponding property of its entangled partner becomes instantly determined.\u00a0<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">To return to The Sopranos, it's a bit like if Tony had a twin brother who lived in California. If Tony orders veal at Vesuvio's restaurant in New Jersey, his brother's order at a Los Angeles restaurant instantly becomes veal too (or perhaps fish; the property needn't be identical, but the key point is that the brother's meal is not determined until that moment).\u00a0<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">What makes it spooky is that particles don't have these properties until they are measured; until then, they exist in multiple states simultaneously. In the Soprano twin analogy, there's no pre-planning about their meal choices; it's as if some influence is passing instantaneously between them as the waiter takes Tony's order, faster than light.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_7\" id=\"dotcom-mid_7\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">"It's possible to show mathematically that those correlations are not explainable in terms of a common cause in the past," says physicist Emily Adlam at Chapman University in California. "It looks naively as though there's some kind of instantaneous signal going from one particle to the other telling this particle what measurement you performed, or vice versa. That's pretty weird. Physicists don't think that signals should be able to send faster than light."<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">One way to get round the spooky-action-at-a-distance problem \u2013 also known as non-locality \u2013 is to invoke retrocausality. In this scenario, information does not need to pass instantaneously between the particles across space; it happens across <!-- --><i id=\"time\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">time<!-- --><\/i>.\u00a0<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">If true, it would mean that a measured particle passes information into the past \u2013 to the moment it was entangled with its pair \u2013 and then forwards to the moment at which the measurement happens. Or in the Sopranos analogy, Tony's meal order in New Jersey goes back to when the two twins were in the womb, and then forwards to the California restaurant.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><b id=\"more-like-this:\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">More like this:<!-- --><\/b><\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">\u2022 <!-- --><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20221003-why-does-time-go-forwards-not-backwards\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">Why does time go forward, not backward?<!-- --><\/a><\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><\/a>\u2022 <!-- --><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20231110-doctor-who-is-time-travel-really-possible-heres-what-physics-says\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">Is time travel really possible? Here's what physics says<!-- --><\/a><\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><\/a>\u2022 <!-- --><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/columns\/the-ultimate-guide-to-time\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">Time: The Ultimate Guide<!-- --><\/a><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">This is admittedly a counterintuitive concept to get your head around, and it seemingly replaces one impossibility with another \u2013\u00a0a cure that seems worse than the disease. And that's not to mention the fact that it would seem to open the door to <!-- --><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20231110-doctor-who-is-time-travel-really-possible-heres-what-physics-says\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">paradoxes of time travel<!-- --><\/a>, where influencing the past alters the present. However, it wouldn't be the first time quantum mechanics has defied common sense.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_8\" id=\"dotcom-mid_8\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">In its defence, <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/aeon.co\/essays\/our-simple-magic-free-recipe-for-quantum-entanglement\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">retrocausality's supporters<!-- --><\/a> have pointed out that it only seems unlikely because we \u2013 at the macroscopic scale \u2013 experience time in one direction. At very small scales, it's long been believed that the physical laws are <!-- --><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20221003-why-does-time-go-forwards-not-backwards\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">time-symmetric<!-- --><\/a> (with <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/starts-with-a-bang\/laws-physics-not-time-symmetric\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">some exceptions<!-- --><\/a>). And as for the apparent time-travel problem, that only applies <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/quantum-mechanics-how-the-future-might-influence-the-past-199426\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">if the particle was measured<!-- --><\/a> in the past, they say. That doesn't happen; instead, it stays in its quantum underdetermined state.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><figure><div data-component=\"image-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jFCfG\"><div data-testid=\"image\" class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 50vw, (min-width: 1008px) 66vw, 96vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160xn\/p0kwlkts.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240xn\/p0kwlkts.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320xn\/p0kwlkts.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kwlkts.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640xn\/p0kwlkts.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800xn\/p0kwlkts.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024xn\/p0kwlkts.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376xn\/p0kwlkts.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920xn\/p0kwlkts.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480xn\/p0kwlkts.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout The idea of 'retrocausation' involves effects happening before their causes (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><span class=\"sc-a34861b-2 hesJxn\">Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"caption-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 bdPeAJ\"><figcaption class=\"sc-8353772e-0 iUqqeb\">The idea of 'retrocausation' involves effects happening before their causes (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)<!-- --><\/figcaption><\/div><\/figure><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Still, if it's true, the Universe would have to work differently than we currently imagine, says Adlam. In one scenario, two timelines would essentially sit side-by-side. "When people mention retrocausality, what they seem to have in mind is a picture in which there's a forward evolution and a backwards evolution of the Universe. It's a picture with two separate and independent causal arrows," she says. "That's a kind of 'dynamical' picture of retrocausality, where you have literal forwards and backwards processes happening in some combination."<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Adlam, however, doubts this scenario. "It is not a very appealing way of thinking about retrocausality, because you can very easily get inconsistencies, contradictions and paradoxes," she says.\u00a0<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">Instead, she argues that retrocausality is more plausible if we live in what's known as a "<!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11229-022-03919-0\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">block universe<!-- --><\/a>". This is a hypothetical (and philosophically controversial) model of existence, where all moments in time \u2013 past, present, and future \u2013 exist in a four-dimensional object.\u00a0<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_9\" id=\"dotcom-mid_9\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">If this block is filled with every event that ever has or will happen, then it's easier to see how some hypothetical influence could pass between particles within it, says Adlam. To explain the spooky actions of entangled particles, information would not need to travel backward on some alternative retrocausal timeline. "There's no temporal flow," she says. "Time is just another dimension within the block, rather than being a material thing that moves."<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">If that is the case, we have arrived at what may be the most troubling implication of all about quantum mechanics and its weird temporal behaviour. If you accept the <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/iai.tv\/articles\/ethics-death-and-the-block-universe-nikk-effingham-auid-2461\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">most fatalistic interpretation of the block universe<!-- --><\/a>, then, like Tony Soprano, we're all just characters in some cosmic TV series. We may experience life episodically, but our future is just as determined as our past. So while you're currently in the middle of your story, here's a spoiler alert: your own finale \u2013\u00a0the moment where the scene <!-- --><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1x9YACdBUrU\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\">cuts to black<!-- --><\/a> \u2013 may already be written.<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><i id=\"*\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">*<!-- --><\/i><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/richardfisher.carrd.co\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><i id=\"richard-fisher\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">Richard Fisher<!-- --><\/i><\/a><i id=\"is-the-author-of\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\"> is the author of <!-- --><\/i><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hachette.co.uk\/titles\/richard-fisher\/the-long-view\/9781472285232\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><i id=\"the-long-view:-why-we-need-to-transform-how-the-world-sees-time\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">The Long View: Why We Need to Transform How the World Sees Time<!-- --><\/i><\/a><i id=\",-and-a-senior-editor-for\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">, and a senior editor for <!-- --><\/i><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/aeon.co\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><i id=\"aeon\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">Aeon<!-- --><\/i><\/a><i id=\".\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">.<!-- --><\/i><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">--<!-- --><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"text-block\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 dlWCEZ\"><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\"><i id=\"if-you-liked-this-story,\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">If you liked this story,\u00a0<!-- --><\/i><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/cloud.email.bbc.com\/SignUp10_08?&at_bbc_team=studios&at_medium=Onsite&at_objective=acquisition&at_ptr_name=bbc.com&at_link_origin=featuresarticle&at_campaign=essentiallist&at_campaign_type=owned\" 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kKcaog\">Facebook<!-- --><\/i><\/b><\/a><i id=\",\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">, <!-- --><\/i><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/BBC_Future\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><b id=\"x\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\"><i id=\"x\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">X<!-- --><\/i><\/b><\/a>\u00a0<!-- --><i id=\"and\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">and <!-- --><\/i><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/bbcfuture_official\/\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><b id=\"instagram\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\"><i id=\"instagram\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">Instagram<!-- --><\/i><\/b><\/a><b id=\".\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\"><i id=\".\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">.<!-- --><\/i><\/b><i id=\"\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">\u00a0<!-- --><\/i><\/p><\/div><div data-component=\"tags\" class=\"sc-18fde0d6-0 jVHuOl\"><div class=\"sc-4b0aaa-0 dGavUm\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/tags\/physics\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Physics<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/tags\/quantummechanics\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Quantum mechanics<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/tags\/time\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Time<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/tags\/universe\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Universe<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/tags\/innovation\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Innovation<\/a><\/div><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/tags\/features\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-3df0d64d-0 gwUgXL\">Features<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/article><aside data-testid=\"texas-section-outer\" data-analytics-group=\"true\" data-analytics_group_type=\"texas-20\" data-analytics_group_position=\"1\" data-analytics_group_item_count=\"20\" data-analytics_group_name=\"Watch\" class=\"sc-227eb15e-1 bPQaRs\"><div data-testid=\"texas-section\" class=\"sc-227eb15e-2 harZpM\"><div class=\"sc-2be11b79-2 koMJJi\"><div class=\"sc-2be11b79-1 ePwOJX\"><hr data-testid=\"texas-line\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-0 laRYIo\"\/><\/div><div data-testid=\"section-title-wrapper\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-3 iflVUS\"><div><span data-testid=\"texas-title\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-4 laLKDk\">Watch<!-- --><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"texas-grid\" class=\"sc-8a8cf983-0 iYKspt\"><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-1 gaQDrT\"><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0ksnjny\/the-lion-king-how-mufasa-was-brought-to-life\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0ksnn45.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0ksnn45.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0ksnn45.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0ksnn45.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0ksnn45.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0ksnn45.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0ksnn45.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0ksnn45.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0ksnn45.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0ksnn45.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"The Lion King: How a visual effects team brought Mufasa to life\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">The Lion King: How Mufasa was brought to life<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">BBC Click speaks to the visual effects team behind the latest Disney blockbuster.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">25 Feb 2025<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0kngv9j\/a-clinic-in-a-box-that-can-check-whether-you-re-healthy\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kngwkw.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kngwkw.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kngwkw.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kngwkw.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kngwkw.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kngwkw.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kngwkw.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kngwkw.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kngwkw.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kngwkw.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"A 'clinic in a box' that can check whether you're healthy\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">A 'clinic in a box' that can check whether you're healthy<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">The 'clinic' in a box' is a remote doctor's appointment that can take place anywhere.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">19 Feb 2025<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0knz6vh\/is-this-the-world-s-first-ai-powered-hotel-\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0knz77c.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0knz77c.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0knz77c.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0knz77c.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0knz77c.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0knz77c.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0knz77c.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0knz77c.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0knz77c.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0knz77c.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Is this the world\u2019s first AI powered hotel?\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Is this the world's first AI powered hotel?<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">BBC Click's Paul Carter visits the world's first fully AI-powered hotel in Las Vegas.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">7 Feb 2025<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0kl6b3n\/could-an-arctic-underground-vault-save-our-data-\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kl6bkv.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kl6bkv.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kl6bkv.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kl6bkv.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kl6bkv.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kl6bkv.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kl6bkv.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kl6bkv.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kl6bkv.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kl6bkv.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Could an Arctic underground vault save our data?\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Could an Arctic underground vault save our data?<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">BBC Click explores an Arctic vault that stores digital artefacts from across the globe.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">31 Jan 2025<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0kl4msn\/the-future-of-self-driving-vehicles\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kl4r6n.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kl4r6n.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kl4r6n.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kl4r6n.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kl4r6n.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kl4r6n.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kl4r6n.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kl4r6n.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kl4r6n.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kl4r6n.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"The future of self-driving vehicles\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">The future of self-driving vehicles<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">BBC Click checks out the latest self-driving vehicle innovations on show at CES 2025 in Las Vegas.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">24 Jan 2025<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0kk7542\/how-technology-can-monitor-and-improve-our-health\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kk78j9.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kk78j9.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kk78j9.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kk78j9.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kk78j9.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kk78j9.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kk78j9.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kk78j9.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kk78j9.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kk78j9.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"How technology can monitor and improve our health\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">How technology can monitor and improve our health<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">BBC Click visits CES 2025 to find out about the latest health tech, from medical tools to well-being devices.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">17 Jan 2025<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0kjgpgq\/how-a-performance-lab-is-putting-musicians-to-the-test\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kjgrpp.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kjgrpp.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kjgrpp.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kjgrpp.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kjgrpp.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kjgrpp.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kjgrpp.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kjgrpp.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kjgrpp.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kjgrpp.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"How a performance lab is putting musicians to the test\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">How a performance lab is putting musicians to the test<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">\u00a0BBC Click visits a simulator lab that allows musicians to practice performance in real-world conditions.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">17 Jan 2025<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0kgjz4t\/how-the-iconic-indiana-jones-became-a-video-game\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kgk0qv.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kgk0qv.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kgk0qv.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kgk0qv.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kgk0qv.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kgk0qv.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kgk0qv.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kgk0qv.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kgk0qv.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kgk0qv.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"How the iconic Indiana Jones has been transformed into a video game character\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">How the iconic Indiana Jones became a video game<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Troy Baker, one of the best-known video game actors, talks about his most iconic character yet, Indiana Jones.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">10 Jan 2025<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0kcpvgr\/the-technology-powering-the-iconic-sydney-opera-house\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kcpxx7.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kcpxx7.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kcpxx7.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kcpxx7.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kcpxx7.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kcpxx7.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kcpxx7.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kcpxx7.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kcpxx7.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kcpxx7.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"How the Sydney Opera House is innovating for a more sustainable future\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">The technology powering the iconic Sydney Opera House<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">BBC Click heads behind the scenes of the Sydney Opera House to explore the tech powering the famous landmark.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">3 Jan 2025<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0kcpnm6\/how-arctic-communities-protect-themselves-from-avalanches\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kfy5cr.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kfy5cr.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kfy5cr.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kfy5cr.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kfy5cr.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kfy5cr.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kfy5cr.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kfy5cr.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kfy5cr.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kfy5cr.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"How Arctic communities protect themselves from avalanches\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">How Arctic communities protect themselves from avalanches<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">BBC Click finds out how local communities in Svalbard use technology to combat avalanches and heavy snowfall.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">31 Dec 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0k93fyf\/how-seaweed-could-be-used-to-make-sustainable-antibiotics\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0k93hrw.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0k93hrw.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0k93hrw.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0k93hrw.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0k93hrw.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0k93hrw.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0k93hrw.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0k93hrw.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0k93hrw.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0k93hrw.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"How seaweed could be used to make antibiotics\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">How seaweed could be used to make sustainable antibiotics<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">A lab in Norway is working on a new method to make antibiotics by training bacteria to eat seaweed.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">20 Dec 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0k93777\/training-machines-to-mimic-humans\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0k93cxq.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0k93cxq.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0k93cxq.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0k93cxq.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0k93cxq.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0k93cxq.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0k93cxq.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0k93cxq.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0k93cxq.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0k93cxq.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Training machines to mimic humans\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Training machines to mimic humans<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">BBC Click visits MIT where researchers are teaching robots to act more human and perform everyday tasks.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">13 Dec 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0k7l9pv\/an-augmented-reality-journey-into-earth-s-future\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0k8v6l3.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0k8v6l3.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0k8v6l3.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0k8v6l3.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0k8v6l3.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0k8v6l3.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0k8v6l3.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0k8v6l3.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0k8v6l3.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0k8v6l3.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"An augmented reality journey into the future\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">An augmented reality journey into Earth's future<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">An immersive exhibit at the Natural History Museum allows visitors to experience how the world will look in 2125.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">4 Dec 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0k79h46\/how-new-fitness-technology-can-improve-life-expectancy\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0k7c5mt.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0k7c5mt.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0k7c5mt.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0k7c5mt.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0k7c5mt.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0k7c5mt.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0k7c5mt.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0k7c5mt.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0k7c5mt.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0k7c5mt.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"How new fitness technology can improve our life expectancy\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">How new fitness technology can improve life expectancy<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">BBC technology reporter Lara Lewington tests how new fitness technology can improve our life expectancy.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">29 Nov 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0k5j9m2\/how-an-arctic-archipelago-is-moving-towards-clean-energy\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0k5jhlk.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0k5jhlk.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0k5jhlk.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0k5jhlk.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0k5jhlk.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0k5jhlk.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0k5jhlk.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0k5jhlk.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0k5jhlk.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0k5jhlk.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"How an Arctic archipelago is moving towards clean energy\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">How an Arctic archipelago is moving towards clean energy<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Svalbard, a warming Arctic archipelego, begins a shift from coal to clean energy solutions.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">22 Nov 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0k5w8dw\/japan-to-build-the-world-s-most-powerful-supercomputer\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0k619mg.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0k619mg.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0k619mg.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0k619mg.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0k619mg.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0k619mg.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0k619mg.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0k619mg.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0k619mg.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0k619mg.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Japan to build the world's most powerful supercomputer\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Japan to build the world's most powerful supercomputer<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Japan's zeta-class supercomputer will be 1,000 times faster than existing systems, but what will it be used for?<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">21 Nov 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0k5mjcx\/inside-japan-s-speedy-shinkansen-bullet-train\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0k5rhkc.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0k5rhkc.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0k5rhkc.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0k5rhkc.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0k5rhkc.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0k5rhkc.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0k5rhkc.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0k5rhkc.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0k5rhkc.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0k5rhkc.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Inside Japan's speedy Shinkansen bullet train\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Inside Japan's speedy Shinkansen bullet train<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Celebrating its 60th anniversary, Japan's Shinkansen remains a global symbol of speed and innovation.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">20 Nov 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0k5ffmt\/tiny-but-mighty-robots-the-size-of-a-grain-of-rice\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0k5m2ys.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0k5m2ys.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0k5m2ys.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0k5m2ys.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0k5m2ys.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0k5m2ys.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0k5m2ys.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0k5m2ys.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0k5m2ys.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0k5m2ys.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Tiny but mighty: Robots the size of a grain of rice\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Tiny but mighty: Robots the size of a grain of rice<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">Scientists in Singapore have created robots that can be used for targeted drug delivery inside the human body.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">18 Nov 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0k48k60\/can-full-body-scans-help-to-keep-us-healthy-\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0k4gg21.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0k4gg21.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0k4gg21.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0k4gg21.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0k4gg21.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0k4gg21.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0k4gg21.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0k4gg21.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0k4gg21.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0k4gg21.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Click body scan\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">Can full body scans help to keep us healthy?<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">BBC Click's Lara Lewington tries the low cost full body scan that can detect health risks in minutes.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">14 Nov 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-8a8cf983-2 jupLmo\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/reel\/video\/p0k247bv\/new-tech-helping-to-combat-illegal-elephant-ivory-trade\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div data-testid=\"edinburgh-video\" class=\"sc-b8778340-0 bIGryj\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-1 jvzsLx\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-b8778340-2 kUyIkJ\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1280px) 20vw, (min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 800px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0k24g4k.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0k24g4k.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0k24g4k.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0k24g4k.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0k24g4k.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0k24g4k.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0k24g4k.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0k24g4k.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0k24g4k.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0k24g4k.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"How tech can help to combat the illegal trade of elephant ivory\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"content-type-label\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-0 kgpAvc\"><div data-testid=\"content-type-icon-wrapper\" class=\"sc-92f37ff6-1 gfxjeq\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 32 32\" width=\"30\" height=\"30\" category=\"playback-avkx\" icon=\"play\" type=\"playback-avkx:play\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 cCvcou\"><path d=\"M29 16 5.8 1v30L29 16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-b8778340-3 eTiihu\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 dRanZR\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 fscymh\">New tech helping to combat illegal elephant ivory trade<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-b8778340-4 hUTjjg\">New laser technology is helping border security to distinguish illegal ivory from legal mammoth tusks.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 hMFMgw\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 ioNoDA\">8 Nov 2024<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 gNUyZj\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 eiXiGe\">Innovation<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/aside><aside data-testid=\"alaska-section-outer\" data-analytics-group=\"true\" data-analytics_group_type=\"alaska-5\" data-analytics_group_position=\"2\" data-analytics_group_item_count=\"5\" data-analytics_group_name=\"More\" class=\"sc-227eb15e-1 dYnBSI\"><div data-testid=\"alaska-section\" class=\"sc-227eb15e-2 harZpM\"><div class=\"sc-2be11b79-2 koMJJi\"><div class=\"sc-2be11b79-1 ePwOJX\"><hr data-testid=\"alaska-line\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-0 bHUvKO\"\/><\/div><div data-testid=\"section-title-wrapper\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-3 iflVUS\"><div><span data-testid=\"alaska-title\" class=\"sc-2be11b79-4 fAxgMO\">More<!-- --><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"sc-da05643e-0 kbaPPZ\"><div data-testid=\"alaska-grid\" class=\"sc-93223220-0 sc-da05643e-1 fiJvSm djXsFQ\"><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/travel\/article\/20250307-six-european-walking-tours-that-celebrate-women\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">8 hrs ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kwssx8.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kwssx8.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kwssx8.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kwssx8.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kwssx8.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kwssx8.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kwssx8.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kwssx8.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kwssx8.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kwssx8.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Crowd of women looking at painting in the Louvre (Credit: Thomas Billaudeau)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">Six European walking tours that celebrate women<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">From Manchester to Reykjav\u00edk, innovative tours are highlighting forgotten stories and re-incorporating female legacies into the popular tourist narrative.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">8 hrs ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Travel<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/culture\/article\/20250304-vera-wang-influential-interview-katty-kay\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">1 day ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kw2j26.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kw2j26.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kw2j26.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kw2j26.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kw2j26.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kw2j26.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kw2j26.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kw2j26.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kw2j26.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kw2j26.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Fashion designer Vera Wang, seated in a chair with her arms crossed, speaks to the BBC\u2019s Katty Kay about her career (Credit: Natassja Ebert)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">Vera Wang, 75, was ready to 'age out' of fashion<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">Vera Wang tells Katty Kay how she shifted from being a Vogue fashion editor to the world's most beloved wedding dress designer.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">1 day ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Culture<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/travel\/article\/20250305-the-grannies-who-saved-albanian-cuisine\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">1 day ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kwblph.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kwblph.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kwblph.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kwblph.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kwblph.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kwblph.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kwblph.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kwblph.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kwblph.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kwblph.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Woman's hands peeling and slicing garlic and onions with a small knife (Credit: Alamy)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">The grannies who saved Albanian cuisine<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">After being sealed off from the outside world for decades and experiencing a mass exodus, Albania is leaning into its culinary roots with the help of grandma chefs.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">1 day ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Travel<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/culture\/article\/20250306-who-is-cindy-lee-pops-most-mysterious-sensation\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">1 day ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 khCtOO\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kwl1lm.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kwl1lm.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kwl1lm.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kwl1lm.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kwl1lm.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kwl1lm.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kwl1lm.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kwl1lm.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kwl1lm.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kwl1lm.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Picture of Cindy Lee (Credit: Vanessa Tignanelli)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">Who is Cindy Lee? Pop's most mysterious sensation<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">The enigmatic musician has released one of the most raved-about LPs of recent times. But they've done it without marketing or interviews \u2013 and you certainly won't find it on Spotify.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">1 day ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Culture<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><div data-component=\"ad-slot\" data-testid=\"ad-unit\" class=\"sc-eb24677f-0 kuYBMG\"><div data-testid=\"dotcom-mid_10\" id=\"dotcom-mid_10\" class=\"dotcom-ad\"><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-card\" data-indexcard=\"true\" class=\"sc-c6f6255e-0 eGcloy\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/future\/article\/20250306-inside-youtubes-hidden-world-of-forgotten-videos\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-4 ypQFr\"><div class=\"sc-ae29827d-1 hAmwyA\"><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 bFzmvn\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 cbeuWG\">1 day ago<\/span><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"liverpool-article\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-3 fKfpeF\"><div data-testid=\"card-media-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-5 jVhDCQ\"><div data-testid=\"card-media\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-2 bgogNC\"><div class=\"sc-a34861b-1 jxzoZC\"><img src=\"\/bbcx\/grey-placeholder.png\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 cOpVbP hide-when-no-script\"\/><img sizes=\"(min-width: 1008px) 25vw, (min-width: 600px) 33vw, 50vw\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/160x90\/p0kwmcnv.jpg.webp 160w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/240x135\/p0kwmcnv.jpg.webp 240w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/320x180\/p0kwmcnv.jpg.webp 320w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kwmcnv.jpg.webp 480w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/640x360\/p0kwmcnv.jpg.webp 640w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/800x450\/p0kwmcnv.jpg.webp 800w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1024x576\/p0kwmcnv.jpg.webp 1024w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1376x774\/p0kwmcnv.jpg.webp 1376w,https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/1920x1080\/p0kwmcnv.jpg.webp 1920w\" src=\"https:\/\/ichef.bbci.co.uk\/images\/ic\/480x270\/p0kwmcnv.jpg.webp\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"A brightly-coloured illustration showing a man walking through an increasingly blurry series of screens (Credit: Estudio Santa Rita)\" class=\"sc-a34861b-0 efFcac\"\/><\/div><\/div><\/div><div data-testid=\"card-text-wrapper\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-6 dzMUxv\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-1 kycgkX\"><div class=\"sc-87075214-0 jvGDZA\"><h2 data-testid=\"card-headline\" class=\"sc-87075214-3 czAFqs\">Inside YouTube\u2019s hidden world of forgotten videos<!-- --><\/h2><\/div><\/div><p data-testid=\"card-description\" class=\"sc-ae29827d-0 jfacew\">There's a secret side of YouTube, just beyond the guiding hand of the algorithm \u2013 and it\u2019s nothing like what you know.<\/p><div class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-0 kZsXRf\"><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-lastupdated\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-1 fZvNua\">1 day ago<\/span><div data-testid=\"card-metadata-separator\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-3 eQhLId\"><\/div><span data-testid=\"card-metadata-tag\" class=\"sc-6fba5bd4-2 jOCsOj\">Future<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/aside><div class=\"zephr_meter_beta\"><\/div><div class=\"zephr_story_beta\"><\/div><\/main><hr data-testid=\"main-footer-divider\" class=\"sc-c05885a3-2 eBEgvI\"\/><footer data-testid=\"main-footer\" class=\"sc-c05885a3-0 bbntGk\"><div class=\"sc-c05885a3-3 jqsEov\"><div data-testid=\"anchor-inner-wrapper\"><a href=\"\/\" data-testid=\"internal-link\" class=\"sc-2e6baa30-0 gILusN\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 112 32\" category=\"logo\" icon=\"bbc\" style=\"height:30px\" class=\"sc-735e4804-0 itfIsL\"><title>British Broadcasting Corporation<\/title><path 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20.7563395,15.7104491 19.6957836,15.3580046 C20.4625616,14.9891156 21.0418952,14.4894488 21.4335619,13.8601152 C21.8252287,13.2307817 22.0210066,12.4881148 22.0210066,11.6321146 C22.0210066,10.1385586 21.4741175,8.99311379 20.3811172,8.19578022 C19.2877835,7.39889109 17.7457831,7.00000208 15.7552269,7.00000208 L15.7552269,7.00000208 Z M55.8775833,17.2209385 C58.1128062,17.2209385 59.2308065,18.0434943 59.2308065,19.6881614 C59.2308065,20.4602728 58.9369175,21.0518285 58.3496951,21.4629397 C57.7622505,21.8743843 56.9216947,22.0797177 55.8286944,22.0797177 L55.8286944,22.0797177 L52.6469157,22.0797177 L52.6469157,17.2209385 Z M15.8775714,17.2209385 C18.1129054,17.2209385 19.2307946,18.0434943 19.2307946,19.6881614 C19.2307946,20.4602728 18.9370167,21.0518285 18.3496832,21.4629397 C17.7622386,21.8743843 16.9216828,22.0797177 15.8286825,22.0797177 L15.8286825,22.0797177 L12.6469038,22.0797177 L12.6469038,17.2209385 Z M55.412572,9.92028073 C57.3541282,9.92028073 58.3252396,10.6338365 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All rights reserved.\u00a0<!-- --><i id=\"\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\">\u00a0<!-- --><\/i>The<!-- --><i id=\"bbc\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\"> BBC <!-- --><\/i>is<!-- --><i id=\"not-responsible-for-the-content-of-external-sites.\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kKcaog\"> not responsible for the content of external sites.<!-- --><\/i>\u00a0<!-- --><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/editorialguidelines\/guidance\/feeds-and-links\" class=\"sc-c9299ecf-0 beIoQm\"><b id=\"read-about-our-approach-to-external-linking.\" class=\"sc-7dcfb11b-0 kVRnKf\">Read about our approach to external linking.<!-- --><\/b><\/a><\/p><p class=\"sc-eb7bd5f6-0 fezwLZ\">\u00a0<!-- --><\/p><\/div><\/footer><\/div><\/div><script id=\"__NEXT_DATA__\" type=\"application\/json\">{\"props\":{\"pageProps\":{\"page\":{\"@\\\"future\\\",\\\"article\\\",\\\"20250306-the-bizarre-quantum-paradox-of-negative-time\\\",\":{\"id\":\"urn:pubpipe:wwverticals:article:future\/article\/20250306-the-bizarre-quantum-paradox-of-negative-time\",\"contents\":[{\"type\":\"headline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The bizarre quantum paradox of 'negative time'\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"timestamp\",\"model\":{\"timestamp\":1741428000000}},{\"type\":\"byline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"contributor\",\"model\":{\"topicUrl\":\"future\/author\/richard-fisher\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"name\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"By Richard Fisher\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"By Richard Fisher\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"link\",\"model\":{\"locator\":\"urn:bbc:twitter:user:@rifish\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"@rifish\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"@rifish\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/rifish\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"@rifish\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"images\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Profile croppedheadshot\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Profile croppedheadshot\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"height\":2678,\"width\":2678,\"locator\":\"\/p0b1vd5n.jpg\",\"originCode\":\"ic\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"\"}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"timestamp\",\"model\":{\"timestamp\":1741428000000}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"(Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"(Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A fractured image of a man and woman playing with a large beachball (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A fractured image of a man and woman playing with a large beachball (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"height\":1346,\"width\":2394,\"locator\":\"\/p0kwlk0y.jpg\",\"originCode\":\"ic\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout\"}}],\"emphasiseImage\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In the quantum world, our intuitive grasp of past, present and future may not apply. Richard Fisher explores the discombobulating concepts of \\\"negative time\\\" and \\\"retrocausality\\\".\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In the quantum world, our intuitive grasp of past, present and future may not apply. Richard Fisher explores the discombobulating concepts of \\\"negative time\\\" and \\\"retrocausality\\\".\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}}]}}],\"bodyIntro\":true}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Tony Soprano is smoking a cigar, driving home. His journey begins in Manhattan, where he enters the Lincoln Tunnel, headed towards New Jersey. There's no traffic, so he passes through in a few minutes, emerging into the daylight.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Tony Soprano is smoking a cigar, driving home. His journey begins in Manhattan, where he enters the Lincoln Tunnel, headed towards New Jersey. There's no traffic, so he passes through in a few minutes, emerging into the daylight.\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"So begins the familiar opening credits of The Sopranos TV show.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"So begins the familiar opening credits of \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Sopranos\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/culture\/article\/20190108-the-sopranos-a-revolutionary-show-well-talk-about-forever\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The Sopranos\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" TV show.\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In the physical world of mafia bosses, one event follows another. So if Tony strikes a match to light his cigar, this needs to happen before the tip ignites. Such causality appears to be fundamental to how we experience the Universe.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In the physical world of mafia bosses, one event follows another. So if Tony strikes a match to light his cigar, this needs to happen before the tip ignites. Such causality appears to be fundamental to how we experience the Universe.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"However, at the quantum level, temporal sequencing is not so clear or intuitive. In recent years, physicists have been exploring some seriously head-scratching behaviours at very small scales \u2013\u00a0some of which can be explained; some of which seem to throw our understanding of past, present and future into question.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"However, at the quantum level, temporal sequencing is not so clear or intuitive. In recent years, physicists have been exploring some seriously head-scratching behaviours at very small scales \u2013\u00a0some of which can be explained; some of which seem to throw our understanding of past, present and future into question.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_1\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"To get a flavour, imagine The Sopranos opening credits featured an FBI helicopter watching Tony emerge from the Lincoln Tunnel \u2013\u00a0but they can't make sense of what they're seeing. From their perspective, the mafia boss leaves the tunnel before he enters. And when the confused FBI officers check their watches, he has spent a negative amount of time driving between Manhattan and New Jersey.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"To get a flavour, imagine The Sopranos opening credits featured an FBI helicopter watching Tony emerge from the Lincoln Tunnel \u2013\u00a0but they can't make sense of what they're seeing. From their perspective, the mafia boss leaves the tunnel before he enters. And when the confused FBI officers check their watches, he has spent a \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"negative\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" amount of time driving between Manhattan and New Jersey.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"That of course is impossible. However, recently physicists were in the headlines for measuring a duration of \\\"negative time\\\". In quantum experiments, they sent light-pulses through the equivalent of a tunnel \u2013\u00a0but like Tony Soprano's puzzling drive, the pulses apparently spent less than zero time travelling through.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"That of course is impossible. However, recently physicists were in the headlines for measuring a duration of \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"negative time\\\"\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2409.03680\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"negative time\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\". In quantum experiments, they sent light-pulses through the equivalent of a tunnel \u2013\u00a0but like Tony Soprano's puzzling drive, the pulses apparently spent less than zero time travelling through.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And that's not the only baffling example of temporal strangeness at very small scales \u2013 other theorists think it's conceivable that some particles could even change the past from the future, via an effect called \\\"retrocausality\\\". In the quantum world, it seems our familiar understanding of time quickly becomes, well, disordered.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"And that's not the only baffling example of temporal strangeness at very small scales \u2013 other theorists think it's conceivable that some particles could even change the past from the future, via an effect called \\\"retrocausality\\\". In the quantum world, it seems our familiar understanding of time quickly becomes, well, disordered.\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A negative delay\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A negative delay\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\",\"h1\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[\"h1\"]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This year will mark 100 years since the development of quantum mechanics, and the UN has designated 2025 as the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology. Over the past century, physicists have explored all sorts of unusual behaviours in the quantum world: entanglement, superposition, uncertainty and more.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This year will mark 100 years since the development of quantum mechanics, and the UN has designated 2025 as the \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"International Year of Quantum Science and Technology\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/quantum2025.org\/en\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"International Year of Quantum Science and Technology\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\". Over the past century, physicists have explored all sorts of unusual behaviours in the quantum world: \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"entanglement\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/scienceexchange.caltech.edu\/topics\/quantum-science-explained\/entanglement\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"entanglement\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"superposition\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/scienceexchange.caltech.edu\/topics\/quantum-science-explained\/quantum-superposition\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"superposition\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"uncertainty\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/scienceexchange.caltech.edu\/topics\/quantum-science-explained\/uncertainty-principle\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"uncertainty\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" and more.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"One of the lesser-known examples is a puzzling way that light tunnels through barriers, such as clouds of atoms. In the 1990s, physicists fired photons through a barrier as a \\\"wave packet\\\" (a bundle of waves that describes both the particle and wave nature of light). Puzzlingly, the packet's peak apparently emerged before they entered \u2013\u00a0like a car leaving a tunnel before it drove in.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"One of the lesser-known examples is a puzzling way that light tunnels through barriers, such as clouds of atoms. In the 1990s, physicists fired photons through a barrier as a \\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"wave packet\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/physics.aps.org\/story\/v22\/st8\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"wave packet\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\" (a bundle of waves that describes both the particle and wave nature of light). Puzzlingly, the packet's peak \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"apparently emerged before they entered\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S007966380870341X\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"apparently emerged before they entered\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" \u2013\u00a0like a car leaving a tunnel before it drove in.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_2\"},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In this simplified diagram, a wave packet peak travelling from left to right emerges from a barrier apparently before it enters (Credit: BBC)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In this simplified diagram, a wave packet peak travelling from left to right emerges from a barrier apparently before it enters (Credit: BBC)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In this simplified diagram, a wave packet peak travelling from left to right emerges from a barrier apparently before it enters (Credit: BBC)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In this simplified diagram, a wave packet peak travelling from left to right emerges from a barrier apparently before it enters (Credit: BBC)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"height\":1080,\"width\":1920,\"locator\":\"\/p0kwsy0k.jpg\",\"originCode\":\"ic\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"BBC\"}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Earlier theory in the mid-20th Century had predicted the effect \u2013 now known as a \\\"negative group delay\\\" \u2013 but observing it experimentally was another thing, because it should be impossible. It suggested that light could travel faster than itself, which is nonsensical. Moreover, events in time were apparently occurring out of order.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Earlier theory in the mid-20th Century had \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"predicted the effect\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/shop.elsevier.com\/books\/wave-propagation-and-group-velocity\/massey\/978-1-4832-3068-9\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"predicted the effect\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" \u2013 now known as a \\\"negative group delay\\\" \u2013 but observing it experimentally was another thing, because it should be impossible. It suggested that light could travel faster than itself, which is nonsensical. Moreover, events in time were apparently occurring out of order.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"We had to find a new way to reconcile that with our ideas of causality,\\\" says physicist Aephraim Steinberg of the University of Toronto.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"We had to find a new way to reconcile that with our ideas of causality,\\\" says physicist Aephraim Steinberg of the University of Toronto.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In the intervening years, Steinberg and his fellow physicists proposed what could be happening, without violating known physical laws. In short, they argued that the wave packet was not time-travelling but reorganising itself to give the appearance of effect coming before cause.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In the intervening years, Steinberg and his fellow physicists proposed what could be happening, without violating known physical laws. In short, they argued that the wave packet was not time-travelling but reorganising itself to give the \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"appearance\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" of effect coming before cause.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"To understand, imagine a line of cars driving between New York and New Jersey, says Steinberg. We might picture them as 100 Tony Sopranos, each driving bumper-to-bumper. These represent photons in a wave packet.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"To understand, imagine a line of cars driving between New York and New Jersey, says Steinberg. We might picture them as 100 Tony Sopranos, each driving bumper-to-bumper. These represent photons in a wave packet.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_3\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The line of Tonys depart Manhattan at 13.00. At around 13.30, the midpoint of this car-train enters the Lincoln Tunnel. This is the peak of a wave packet. You would expect this peak to emerge a few minutes later, right? However, the peak has already left the tunnel \u2013\u00a0at 13.25. Tony Soprano, apparent time-traveller.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The line of Tonys depart Manhattan at 13.00. At around 13.30, the midpoint of this car-train enters the Lincoln Tunnel. This is the peak of a wave packet. You would expect this peak to emerge a few minutes later, right? However, the peak has already left the tunnel \u2013\u00a0at 13.25. Tony Soprano, apparent time-traveller.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"What may actually be happening at the quantum level, inside the barrier, is that not all the photons are making it through, says Steinberg. In the car analogy, some Tonys are getting pulled over or turned back; in the experiment, they are absorbed or ejected by atoms within the barrier. When this happens, the forward tail of the wave packet reshapes itself into a new peak. It looks uncannily like the one entering.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"What may actually be happening at the quantum level, inside the barrier, is that not all the photons are making it through, says Steinberg. In the car analogy, some Tonys are getting pulled over or turned back; in the experiment, they are absorbed or ejected by atoms within the barrier. When this happens, the forward tail of the wave packet reshapes itself into a new peak. It looks uncannily like the one entering.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"At very small scales, time appears to work very differently to the way we're used to (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"At very small scales, time appears to work very differently to the way we're used to (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"At very small scales, time appears to work very differently to the way we're used to (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"At very small scales, time appears to work very differently to the way we're used to (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"height\":1921,\"width\":1921,\"locator\":\"\/p0kwlkfx.jpg\",\"originCode\":\"ic\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout\"}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Naturally, it's more complex than that \u2013\u00a0photons don't act like queuing cars because their position is undetermined. \\\"The photons don't have any individual identity,\\\" says Steinberg. \\\"That's why the tunnel is purely an analogy, but it's meant to show that there's no contradiction with causality.\\\" So what appears to be a violation of physical laws is more like a reorganisation within the light-pulse. With this explanation, no particle is experiencing negative time and there's no faster-than-light travel.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Naturally, it's more complex than that \u2013\u00a0photons don't act like queuing cars because their position is undetermined. \\\"The photons don't have any individual identity,\\\" says Steinberg. \\\"That's why the tunnel is purely an analogy, but it's meant to show that there's no contradiction with causality.\\\" So what appears to be a violation of physical laws is \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"more like a reorganisation within the light-pulse\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-020-2490-7\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"more like a reorganisation within the light-pulse\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\". With this explanation, no particle is experiencing negative time and there's no faster-than-light travel.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Mystery solved? Not quite.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Mystery solved? Not quite.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_4\"},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A negative duration\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A negative duration\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\",\"h1\"]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"More recent experiments from Steinberg's group have added a new twist and can't be explained (yet). Whereas physicists in the earlier work were observing an apparent negative delay \u2013\u00a0a pulse leaving a barrier before it entered \u2013\u00a0this time, a team led by physicist Daniela Angulo Murcillo calculated a negative duration.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"More recent experiments from Steinberg's group have added a new twist and can't be explained (yet). Whereas physicists in the earlier work were observing an apparent negative \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"delay\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" \u2013\u00a0a pulse leaving a barrier before it entered \u2013\u00a0this time, a team led by physicist Daniela Angulo Murcillo calculated \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"a negative \",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2409.03680\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"a negative \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"duration\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2409.03680\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"duration\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\".\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Delay and duration sound like they should be the same: after all, if your flight has a delay, that's the same as the duration you spend waiting. But that doesn't appear to be the case at atomic scales. \\\"It turns out quantum mechanics says there might be one process \u2013 one event \u2013 that's described by multiple time scales,\\\" says Steinberg. \\\"So you might ask, 'when does [a photon] arrive?' You might ask, 'how long does it spend in the barrier?' You're not necessarily going to get the same answer.\\\"\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Delay and duration sound like they should be the same: after all, if your flight has a delay, that's the same as the duration you spend waiting. But that doesn't appear to be the case at atomic scales. \\\"It turns out quantum mechanics says there might be one process \u2013 one event \u2013 that's described by multiple time scales,\\\" says Steinberg. \\\"So you might ask, 'when does [a photon] arrive?' You might ask, 'how long does it spend in the barrier?' You're not necessarily going to get the same answer.\\\"\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A negative measurement of duration has added a new level of strangeness. In the car analogy, Tony Soprano is spending less than zero amount of time in the tunnel, and it can't be explained by the same wave packet reshuffling that explained the negative delay.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"A negative measurement of duration has added a new level of strangeness. In the car analogy, Tony Soprano is spending less than zero amount of time in the tunnel, and it can't be explained by the same wave packet reshuffling that explained the negative delay.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"quote\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"There's no clear correspondence to the world that we know: the physical world we experience. And so we're just left saying, 'Okay, well, I guess quantum mechanics are just different' \u2013 Josiah Sinclair\",\"quoteSource\":\"\",\"quoteSourceTitle\":\"\"}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"When the weirdness was explored in the 1990s, people made sense of it. But looking again, a little deeper, the mystery appears to be kind of irrepressible now. There's something here that is truly, seemingly paradoxical,\\\" says Josiah Sinclair, now at MIT, who worked with Steinberg and colleagues in recent years to explore this phenomenon.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"When the weirdness was explored in the 1990s, people made sense of it. But looking again, a little deeper, the mystery appears to be kind of irrepressible now. There's something here that is truly, seemingly paradoxical,\\\" says Josiah Sinclair, now at MIT, who worked with Steinberg and colleagues in recent years \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"to explore this phenomenon\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prxquantum\/abstract\/10.1103\/PRXQuantum.3.010314\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"to explore this phenomenon\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\".\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_5\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"It began with a seemingly simple question: how long do photons spend tunnelling through a barrier? Making this measurement is not as easy as setting a stopwatch. Unlike cars in a tunnel, photons have no fixed position or trajectory through space. \\\"An incredibly fundamental and deep insight about the nature of photons is that they don't have the same reality,\\\" says Sinclair. \\\"Their existence is fundamentally different to cars. We can't label and track them.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"It began with a seemingly simple question: \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"how long do \",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-020-2490-7\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"how long do \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"photons spend tunnelling through a barrier\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-020-2490-7\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"photons spend tunnelling through a barrier\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"? Making this measurement is not as easy as setting a stopwatch. Unlike cars in a tunnel, photons have no fixed position or trajectory through space. \\\"An incredibly fundamental and deep insight about the nature of photons is that they don't have the same reality,\\\" says Sinclair. \\\"Their existence is fundamentally different to cars. We can't label and track them.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"So, the physicists measured the spent time indirectly, by analysing the excitation of atoms within the barrier, as photons pass through or strike them. To return to the car-tunnel analogy, Sinclair says it's a bit like analysing passing vehicles using only their emissions. If you installed a carbon monoxide monitor inside the Lincoln Tunnel, you couldn't track individual cars but you could maybe figure out how long the passing vehicles spent in there.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"So, the physicists measured the spent time indirectly, by analysing the \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"excitation of atoms\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2310.00432\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"excitation of atoms\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" within the barrier, as photons pass through or strike them. To return to the car-tunnel analogy, Sinclair says it's a bit like analysing passing vehicles using only their emissions. If you installed a carbon monoxide monitor inside the Lincoln Tunnel, you couldn't track individual cars but you could maybe figure out how long the passing vehicles spent in there.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The unusual way time seems to work on the quantum level is one of many types of weirdness at the world's smallest scales (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The unusual way time seems to work on the quantum level is one of many types of weirdness at the world's smallest scales (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The unusual way time seems to work on the quantum level is one of many types of weirdness at the world's smallest scales (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The unusual way time seems to work on the quantum level is one of many types of weirdness at the world's smallest scales (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"height\":1080,\"width\":1920,\"locator\":\"\/p0kwlkp6.jpg\",\"originCode\":\"ic\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout\"}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"The shocking thing is that when you design something that measures how long are the cars in the tunnel \u2013 this carbon monoxide monitor \u2013 it turns out that the monitor in this kind of quantum mechanical situation will read negative minutes,\\\" says Sinclair.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"The shocking thing is that when you design something that measures how long are the cars in the tunnel \u2013 this carbon monoxide monitor \u2013 it turns out that the monitor in this kind of quantum mechanical situation will read negative minutes,\\\" says Sinclair.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"We understand mathematically why it's happening, but we don't know how to talk about the physical meaning of it,\\\" he continues. \\\"There's no clear correspondence to the world that we know: the physical world we experience. And so we're just left saying, 'Okay, well, I guess quantum mechanics are just different'.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"We understand mathematically why it's happening, but we don't know how to talk about the physical meaning of it,\\\" he continues. \\\"There's no clear correspondence to the world that we know: the physical world we experience. And so we're just left saying, 'Okay, well, I guess quantum mechanics are just different'.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_6\"},{\"type\":\"subheadline\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Retrocausality\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Retrocausality\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\",\"h1\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[\"h1\"]}}]}}]}}],\"level\":2}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If you think that is strange though, quantum mechanics has even more bewilderment in store. In recent years, some theorists have proposed that particles may be able to change the past from the future \u2013\u00a0so-called \\\"retrocausality\\\".\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If you think that is strange though, quantum mechanics has even more bewilderment in store. In recent years, some theorists have proposed that \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"particles may be able to change the past from the future\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20231110-doctor-who-is-time-travel-really-possible-heres-what-physics-says\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"particles may be able to change the past from the future\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" \u2013\u00a0so-called \\\"retrocausality\\\".\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"While this idea doesn't have the observational evidence of the quantum tunnel experiments, it's a prospect taken seriously by physicists. The reason is that such temporal weirdness would help to solve an apparent impossibility they have observed, dubbed \\\"spooky action at a distance\\\".\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"While this idea doesn't have the observational evidence of the quantum tunnel experiments, it's a prospect taken seriously by physicists. The reason is that such temporal weirdness would help to solve an apparent impossibility \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"they \",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature.2015.18255\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"they \",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"have\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature.2015.18255\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"have\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" observed\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/nature.2015.18255\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" observed\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", dubbed \\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"spooky action at a distance\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/aeon.co\/essays\/can-retrocausality-solve-the-puzzle-of-action-at-a-distance\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"spooky action at a distance\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\".\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This spooky action happens when two particles are \\\"entangled\\\", which means they are strongly connected, regardless of how far apart they are physically. In principle, they could be at opposite sides of the Universe, but when scientists measure, say, the spin or polarisation of one entangled particle, a corresponding property of its entangled partner becomes instantly determined.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This spooky action happens when \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"two particles are \\\"entangled\\\"\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/science-environment-63121287\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"two particles are \\\"entangled\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", which means they are strongly connected, regardless of how far apart they are physically. In principle, they could be at opposite sides of the Universe, but when scientists measure, say, the spin or polarisation of one entangled particle, a corresponding property of its entangled partner becomes instantly determined.\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"To return to The Sopranos, it's a bit like if Tony had a twin brother who lived in California. If Tony orders veal at Vesuvio's restaurant in New Jersey, his brother's order at a Los Angeles restaurant instantly becomes veal too (or perhaps fish; the property needn't be identical, but the key point is that the brother's meal is not determined until that moment).\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"To return to The Sopranos, it's a bit like if Tony had a twin brother who lived in California. If Tony orders veal at Vesuvio's restaurant in New Jersey, his brother's order at a Los Angeles restaurant instantly becomes veal too (or perhaps fish; the property needn't be identical, but the key point is that the brother's meal is not determined until that moment).\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"What makes it spooky is that particles don't have these properties until they are measured; until then, they exist in multiple states simultaneously. In the Soprano twin analogy, there's no pre-planning about their meal choices; it's as if some influence is passing instantaneously between them as the waiter takes Tony's order, faster than light.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"What makes it spooky is that particles don't have these properties until they are measured; until then, they exist in multiple states simultaneously. In the Soprano twin analogy, there's no pre-planning about their meal choices; it's as if some influence is passing instantaneously between them as the waiter takes Tony's order, faster than light.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_7\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"It's possible to show mathematically that those correlations are not explainable in terms of a common cause in the past,\\\" says physicist Emily Adlam at Chapman University in California. \\\"It looks naively as though there's some kind of instantaneous signal going from one particle to the other telling this particle what measurement you performed, or vice versa. That's pretty weird. Physicists don't think that signals should be able to send faster than light.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\"It's possible to show mathematically that those correlations are not explainable in terms of a common cause in the past,\\\" says physicist Emily Adlam at Chapman University in California. \\\"It looks naively as though there's some kind of instantaneous signal going from one particle to the other telling this particle what measurement you performed, or vice versa. That's pretty weird. Physicists don't think that signals should be able to send faster than light.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"One way to get round the spooky-action-at-a-distance problem \u2013 also known as non-locality \u2013 is to invoke retrocausality. In this scenario, information does not need to pass instantaneously between the particles across space; it happens across time.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"One way to get round the spooky-action-at-a-distance problem \u2013 also known as non-locality \u2013 is to invoke retrocausality. In this scenario, information does not need to pass instantaneously between the particles across space; it happens across \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"time\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\".\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If true, it would mean that a measured particle passes information into the past \u2013 to the moment it was entangled with its pair \u2013 and then forwards to the moment at which the measurement happens. Or in the Sopranos analogy, Tony's meal order in New Jersey goes back to when the two twins were in the womb, and then forwards to the California restaurant.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If true, it would mean that a measured particle passes information into the past \u2013 to the moment it was entangled with its pair \u2013 and then forwards to the moment at which the measurement happens. Or in the Sopranos analogy, Tony's meal order in New Jersey goes back to when the two twins were in the womb, and then forwards to the California restaurant.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"More like this:\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"More like this:\",\"attributes\":[\"bold\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u2022 Why does time go forward, not backward?\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u2022 \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Why does time go forward, not backward?\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20221003-why-does-time-go-forwards-not-backwards\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Why does time go forward, not backward?\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u2022 Is time travel really possible? Here's what physics says\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\",\"locator\":\"\",\"blocks\":[]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u2022 \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Is time travel really possible? Here's what physics says\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20231110-doctor-who-is-time-travel-really-possible-heres-what-physics-says\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Is time travel really possible? Here's what physics says\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u2022 Time: The Ultimate Guide\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\",\"locator\":\"\",\"blocks\":[]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\u2022 \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Time: The Ultimate Guide\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/columns\/the-ultimate-guide-to-time\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Time: The Ultimate Guide\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This is admittedly a counterintuitive concept to get your head around, and it seemingly replaces one impossibility with another \u2013\u00a0a cure that seems worse than the disease. And that's not to mention the fact that it would seem to open the door to paradoxes of time travel, where influencing the past alters the present. However, it wouldn't be the first time quantum mechanics has defied common sense.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"This is admittedly a counterintuitive concept to get your head around, and it seemingly replaces one impossibility with another \u2013\u00a0a cure that seems worse than the disease. And that's not to mention the fact that it would seem to open the door to \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"paradoxes of time travel\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20231110-doctor-who-is-time-travel-really-possible-heres-what-physics-says\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"paradoxes of time travel\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", where influencing the past alters the present. However, it wouldn't be the first time quantum mechanics has defied common sense.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_8\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In its defence, retrocausality's supporters have pointed out that it only seems unlikely because we \u2013 at the macroscopic scale \u2013 experience time in one direction. At very small scales, it's long been believed that the physical laws are time-symmetric (with some exceptions). And as for the apparent time-travel problem, that only applies if the particle was measured in the past, they say. That doesn't happen; instead, it stays in its quantum underdetermined state.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"In its defence, \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"retrocausality's supporters\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/aeon.co\/essays\/our-simple-magic-free-recipe-for-quantum-entanglement\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"retrocausality's supporters\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" have pointed out that it only seems unlikely because we \u2013 at the macroscopic scale \u2013 experience time in one direction. At very small scales, it's long been believed that the physical laws are \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"time-symmetric\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/future\/article\/20221003-why-does-time-go-forwards-not-backwards\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"time-symmetric\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" (with \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"some exceptions\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/starts-with-a-bang\/laws-physics-not-time-symmetric\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"some exceptions\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"). And as for the apparent time-travel problem, that only applies \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"if the particle was measured\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/quantum-mechanics-how-the-future-might-influence-the-past-199426\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"if the particle was measured\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" in the past, they say. That doesn't happen; instead, it stays in its quantum underdetermined state.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"image\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"caption\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The idea of 'retrocausation' involves effects happening before their causes (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The idea of 'retrocausation' involves effects happening before their causes (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"altText\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The idea of 'retrocausation' involves effects happening before their causes (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"The idea of 'retrocausation' involves effects happening before their causes (Credit: Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout)\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"rawImage\",\"model\":{\"height\":1003,\"width\":1920,\"locator\":\"\/p0kwlkts.jpg\",\"originCode\":\"ic\",\"copyrightHolder\":\"Edouard Taufenbach and Bastien Pourtout\"}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Still, if it's true, the Universe would have to work differently than we currently imagine, says Adlam. In one scenario, two timelines would essentially sit side-by-side. \\\"When people mention retrocausality, what they seem to have in mind is a picture in which there's a forward evolution and a backwards evolution of the Universe. It's a picture with two separate and independent causal arrows,\\\" she says. \\\"That's a kind of 'dynamical' picture of retrocausality, where you have literal forwards and backwards processes happening in some combination.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Still, if it's true, the Universe would have to work differently than we currently imagine, says Adlam. In one scenario, two timelines would essentially sit side-by-side. \\\"When people mention retrocausality, what they seem to have in mind is a picture in which there's a forward evolution and a backwards evolution of the Universe. It's a picture with two separate and independent causal arrows,\\\" she says. \\\"That's a kind of 'dynamical' picture of retrocausality, where you have literal forwards and backwards processes happening in some combination.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Adlam, however, doubts this scenario. \\\"It is not a very appealing way of thinking about retrocausality, because you can very easily get inconsistencies, contradictions and paradoxes,\\\" she says.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Adlam, however, doubts this scenario. \\\"It is not a very appealing way of thinking about retrocausality, because you can very easily get inconsistencies, contradictions and paradoxes,\\\" she says.\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Instead, she argues that retrocausality is more plausible if we live in what's known as a \\\"block universe\\\". This is a hypothetical (and philosophically controversial) model of existence, where all moments in time \u2013 past, present, and future \u2013 exist in a four-dimensional object.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Instead, she argues that retrocausality is more plausible if we live in what's known as a \\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"block universe\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11229-022-03919-0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"block universe\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"\\\". This is a hypothetical (and philosophically controversial) model of existence, where all moments in time \u2013 past, present, and future \u2013 exist in a four-dimensional object.\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"advertisement\",\"model\":{\"adType\":\"horizontal\"},\"incrementedType\":\"mid_9\"},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If this block is filled with every event that ever has or will happen, then it's easier to see how some hypothetical influence could pass between particles within it, says Adlam. To explain the spooky actions of entangled particles, information would not need to travel backward on some alternative retrocausal timeline. \\\"There's no temporal flow,\\\" she says. \\\"Time is just another dimension within the block, rather than being a material thing that moves.\\\"\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If this block is filled with every event that ever has or will happen, then it's easier to see how some hypothetical influence could pass between particles within it, says Adlam. To explain the spooky actions of entangled particles, information would not need to travel backward on some alternative retrocausal timeline. \\\"There's no temporal flow,\\\" she says. \\\"Time is just another dimension within the block, rather than being a material thing that moves.\\\"\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If that is the case, we have arrived at what may be the most troubling implication of all about quantum mechanics and its weird temporal behaviour. If you accept the most fatalistic interpretation of the block universe, then, like Tony Soprano, we're all just characters in some cosmic TV series. We may experience life episodically, but our future is just as determined as our past. So while you're currently in the middle of your story, here's a spoiler alert: your own finale \u2013\u00a0the moment where the scene cuts to black \u2013 may already be written.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If that is the case, we have arrived at what may be the most troubling implication of all about quantum mechanics and its weird temporal behaviour. If you accept the \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"most fatalistic interpretation of the block universe\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/iai.tv\/articles\/ethics-death-and-the-block-universe-nikk-effingham-auid-2461\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"most fatalistic interpretation of the block universe\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\", then, like Tony Soprano, we're all just characters in some cosmic TV series. We may experience life episodically, but our future is just as determined as our past. So while you're currently in the middle of your story, here's a spoiler alert: your own finale \u2013\u00a0the moment where the scene \",\"attributes\":[]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"cuts to black\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1x9YACdBUrU\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"cuts to black\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\" \u2013 may already be written.\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"*Richard Fisher is the author of The Long View: Why We Need to Transform How the World Sees Time, and a senior editor for Aeon.\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"*\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Richard Fisher\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/richardfisher.carrd.co\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Richard 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\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Aeon\",\"locator\":\"https:\/\/aeon.co\/\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"Aeon\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}}]}},{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\".\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"--\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"--\",\"attributes\":[]}}]}}]}},{\"type\":\"text\",\"model\":{\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If you liked this story,\u00a0sign up for The Essential List newsletter\u00a0\u2013 a handpicked selection of features, videos and can't-miss news, delivered to your inbox twice a week.\u00a0\",\"blocks\":[{\"type\":\"fragment\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"If you liked this story,\u00a0\",\"attributes\":[\"italic\"]}},{\"type\":\"urlLink\",\"model\":{\"text\":\"sign up for The Essential List 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