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The spacecraft, named Athena, is almost identical to Odysseus, the lander that Intuitive Machines sent to the moon last year. Odysseus was the first commercially operated vehicle to successfully land on the moon, but that success came with an asterisk when the vehicle toppled shortly after reaching the ground.This time, the hope is that Athena will stay upright as it deploys payloads for NASA and commercial customers.Here\u2019s what else to know about Athena\u2019s moon landing attempt:Timing: Athena\u2019s descent toward the lunar surface will soon begin, and plans call for it to set down around 12:30 p.m. Eastern time. NASA will begin streaming live coverage at 11:30 a.m. on its website , or you can watch it here. Destination: The lander\u2019s destination is Mons Mouton, a flat-topped mountain about 100 miles from the moon\u2019s south pole. That will be closer to the moon\u2019s south pole than any previous spacecraft has landed. A busy week: Intuitive Machines is the second company to attempt a moon landing this week. Firefly Aerospace, another Texas space company, successfully reached the Mare Crisium region of the moon on Sunday morning . NASA\u2019s program: The main customer of both missions is NASA under its Commercial Lunar Payload Services program, which hires private companies to take NASA-financed science and technology payloads to the lunar surface. Payload: The main payload on Athena is a drill for NASA that will extract lunar soil to be sniffed by a mass spectrometer for frozen water and other compounds. Rovers: The spacecraft is carrying much more than a drill. Also aboard is a rover the size of a small dog that will test a Nokia cellphone network on the moon, and two smaller rovers, one built by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the other by a Japanese company. Intuitive Machines will also test a rocket-powered vehicle called a hopper that could explore places not easily reached by rovers.\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"sourceOrganization\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightYear\":2025,\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-06T17:01:04.073Z\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-06T17:01:04.073Z\",\"headline\":\"A robot will make a hop, a skip and a jump on the moon\u2019s surface.\",\"author\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"Person\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\",\"name\":\"Kenneth Chang\"}],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\/a-robot-will-make-a-hop-a-skip-and-a-jump-on-the-moons-surface\",\"image\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/06athena-moon-landing-hopper\/06athena-moon-landing-hopper-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg\",\"height\":900,\"width\":1600,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/06athena-moon-landing-hopper\/06athena-moon-landing-hopper-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Intuitive Machines\u2019s Micro Nova Hopper is nicknamed Grace, after Grace Hopper, the pioneering 20th century computer scientist and mathematician who became a rear admiral in the United States Navy, seen here in 1984.\",\"creditText\":\"Cynthia Johnson\/Getty Images\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/06athena-moon-landing-hopper\/06athena-moon-landing-hopper-superJumbo.jpg\",\"height\":1372,\"width\":2048,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/06athena-moon-landing-hopper\/06athena-moon-landing-hopper-superJumbo.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Intuitive Machines\u2019s Micro Nova Hopper is nicknamed Grace, after Grace Hopper, the pioneering 20th century computer scientist and mathematician who became a rear admiral in the United States Navy, seen here in 1984.\",\"creditText\":\"Cynthia Johnson\/Getty Images\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/06athena-moon-landing-hopper\/06athena-moon-landing-hopper-mediumSquareAt3X.jpg\",\"height\":1802,\"width\":1800,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/06athena-moon-landing-hopper\/06athena-moon-landing-hopper-mediumSquareAt3X.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Intuitive Machines\u2019s Micro Nova Hopper is nicknamed Grace, after Grace Hopper, the pioneering 20th century computer scientist and mathematician who became a rear admiral in the United States Navy, seen here in 1984.\",\"creditText\":\"Cynthia Johnson\/Getty Images\"}],\"articleBody\":\"For years, Mark Robinson, a professor of planetary geosciences at Arizona State University, imagined a tiny little spacecraft that could hop into a hole or pit on the moon\u2019s surface, take a quick look around and hop back out.Planetary scientists speculated that such pits could be an opening into a lava tube \u2014 a hollow underground channel where lava once flowed, and where astronauts could someday build a moon base.Dr. Robinson mentioned his idea to Trent Martin, senior vice president for space systems at Intuitive Machines.Mr. Martin told Dr. Robinson that Intuitive Machines was developing a flying vehicle that could undertake exactly that type of lunar spelunking.\u201cEveryone was doing rovers, and we started thinking about ways that we could do extreme mobility, down into locations where rovers could not reach,\u201d Mr. Martin said.NASA liked the hopper idea and awarded money to Intuitive Machines to build it and put it on Athena. But the destination for this mission is the south polar region and not close to a pit. Dr. Robinson, who now works for Intuitive Machines, will have to wait longer for his original inspiration to come to fruition.Instead, the 2.5-foot-tall flying vehicle is to go into a permanently shadowed region that never receives direct sunshine.Formally, Intuitive Machines calls it the Micro Nova Hopper. It also nicknamed this particular vehicle Grace, after Grace Hopper, a pioneering 20th century computer scientist and mathematician who became a rear admiral in the United States Navy.About 14 hours after Athena\u2019s arrival, the hopper will hop about 20 yards from the lander. That will be followed by a longer hop, about 50 yards. Then the hopper will perform a longer, more level flight at an altitude of about 300 feet to the edge of a small, shadowed crater. It will hop into the crater, about 60 feet deep, and hop out again.The hopper is carrying cameras, a thermometer and an instrument to sniff for water. It is also carrying an antenna to help test Nokia\u2019s cellphone network technology for communications between the hopper, the lander and a separate rover.For future missions, a hopper could serve a reconnaissance role, similar to how, on Mars, NASA\u2019s Ingenuity helicopter surveyed the terrain ahead of the Perseverance rover. It could also dive into one of the moon\u2019s mysterious pits.\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"sourceOrganization\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightYear\":2025,\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-06T16:55:55.000Z\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-06T17:02:44.364Z\",\"headline\":\"Update from Michael Roston\",\"author\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"Person\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/michael-roston\",\"name\":\"Michael Roston\"}],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/04\/science\/moon-landing\/cecbaaa5-444a-50bf-ad54-323108253c8f\",\"image\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x675_nameplate.png\",\"height\":675,\"width\":1200,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x675_nameplate.png\",\"creditText\":\"The New York Times\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x900_t.png\",\"height\":900,\"width\":1200,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x900_t.png\",\"creditText\":\"The New York Times\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x1200_t.png\",\"height\":1200,\"width\":1200,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x1200_t.png\",\"creditText\":\"The New York Times\"}],\"articleBody\":\"\u201cD\u00e9collage!\u201d is what they say in French Guiana when launching rockets for Europe\u2019s space program. The Ariane 6 rocket lifted off on time at 11:24 a.m. Eastern time. The rocket\u2019s upper stage is now coasting in orbit ahead of the deployment of the French military satellite it is carrying.\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"sourceOrganization\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightYear\":2025,\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-06T16:47:33.000Z\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-06T16:47:55.719Z\",\"headline\":\"Update from Kenneth Chang\",\"author\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"Person\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\",\"name\":\"Kenneth Chang\"}],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/04\/science\/moon-landing\/023c43ca-4fca-55bf-8647-6e6068873216\",\"image\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x675_nameplate.png\",\"height\":675,\"width\":1200,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x675_nameplate.png\",\"creditText\":\"The New York Times\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x900_t.png\",\"height\":900,\"width\":1200,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x900_t.png\",\"creditText\":\"The New York Times\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x1200_t.png\",\"height\":1200,\"width\":1200,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x1200_t.png\",\"creditText\":\"The New York Times\"}],\"articleBody\":\"On the livestream, Josh Marshall of Intuitive Machines said the company is adjusting Athena\u2019s landing trajectory. Instead of pivoting the spacecraft to a vertical orientation at 400 meters as originally planned, Athena will pivot at an altitude of 450 meters. There seems to be some uncertainty about data from the instrument that measures the spacecraft\u2019s altitude, which could affect its landing prospects.\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"sourceOrganization\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightYear\":2025,\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-06T16:47:33.000Z\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-06T16:47:55.719Z\",\"headline\":\"Update from Kenneth Chang\",\"author\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"Person\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\",\"name\":\"Kenneth Chang\"}],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/04\/science\/moon-landing\/28083dd9-a41e-5370-bbcc-4c61e67c6395\",\"image\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x675_nameplate.png\",\"height\":675,\"width\":1200,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x675_nameplate.png\",\"creditText\":\"The New York Times\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x900_t.png\",\"height\":900,\"width\":1200,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x900_t.png\",\"creditText\":\"The New York Times\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x1200_t.png\",\"height\":1200,\"width\":1200,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x1200_t.png\",\"creditText\":\"The New York Times\"}],\"articleBody\":\"\u201cWe\u2019re doing this to allow a little extra time for flight controllers to confirm and manually screen altitude measurements before ingesting those measurements into the navigation filter,\u201d Mr. Marshall said.\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"sourceOrganization\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightYear\":2025,\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-06T16:45:04.692Z\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-06T16:45:04.692Z\",\"headline\":\"This is what will happen when Athena tries to land on the moon.\",\"author\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"Person\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\",\"name\":\"Kenneth Chang\"}],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\/this-is-what-will-happen-when-athena-tries-to-land-on-the-moon\",\"image\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/06athena-moon-landing-sequence\/06athena-moon-landing-sequence-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg\",\"height\":900,\"width\":1600,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/06athena-moon-landing-sequence\/06athena-moon-landing-sequence-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg\",\"caption\":\"A view from Athena released Tuesday, passing over its landing spot. It has been orbiting the moon every two hours, waiting for the sun to rise on the intended landing site at Mons Mouton.\",\"creditText\":\"Intuitive Machines\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/06athena-moon-landing-sequence\/06athena-moon-landing-sequence-superJumbo.jpg\",\"height\":1366,\"width\":2048,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/06athena-moon-landing-sequence\/06athena-moon-landing-sequence-superJumbo.jpg\",\"caption\":\"A view from Athena released Tuesday, passing over its landing spot. It has been orbiting the moon every two hours, waiting for the sun to rise on the intended landing site at Mons Mouton.\",\"creditText\":\"Intuitive Machines\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/06athena-moon-landing-sequence\/06athena-moon-landing-sequence-mediumSquareAt3X.jpg\",\"height\":1801,\"width\":1800,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/06athena-moon-landing-sequence\/06athena-moon-landing-sequence-mediumSquareAt3X.jpg\",\"caption\":\"A view from Athena released Tuesday, passing over its landing spot. It has been orbiting the moon every two hours, waiting for the sun to rise on the intended landing site at Mons Mouton.\",\"creditText\":\"Intuitive Machines\"}],\"articleBody\":\"The Athena lander entered orbit around the moon on Monday. It has since been circling the moon at an altitude of 62 miles.While the spacecraft is over the far side of the moon, its main engine will fire briefly, causing it to start descending to the moon\u2019s surface. From that point on, Athena will be on its own, relying on its own software to guide it safely to the ground. At Intuitive Machines in Houston, mission controllers will only be able to watch what happens.The lander will coast on this elliptical orbit, heading toward a low point of 6.2 miles above the surface, for about one hour.Then the engine will start firing again for the final approach.The spacecraft will use cameras to identify craters and other landmarks on the lunar terrain, information it will use to determine its location. Lasers aboard Athena will bounce off the surface to tell the craft how high up it is.As it approaches the landing site, Athena will pivot to a vertical position, using sensors to look for a safe place to land \u2014 a flat area without boulders or other hazards.At an altitude of about 18 miles above the landing site, Athena will descend vertically at about seven miles per hour. About 30 feet above the surface, it will slow even more, to a bit more than two miles per hour.For the final part of the descent, the spacecraft will rely on sensors measuring its acceleration, and not on the lasers or the cameras, so it will not be confused by dust kicked up by the engine\u2019s exhaust.Those sensors should record a gentle bump when Athena lands.\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"sourceOrganization\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightYear\":2025,\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-06T16:15:03.870Z\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-06T16:15:03.870Z\",\"headline\":\"A drill is the Athena lander\u2019s key cargo.\",\"author\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"Person\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\",\"name\":\"Kenneth Chang\"}],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\/a-drill-is-the-athena-landers-key-cargo\",\"image\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/06athena-moon-landing-cargo\/06athena-moon-landing-cargo-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg\",\"height\":900,\"width\":1600,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/06athena-moon-landing-cargo\/06athena-moon-landing-cargo-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg\",\"caption\":\"A team of engineers from NASA\u2019s Johnson Space Center in Houston and Honeybee Robotics in Altadena, California inspecting the TRIDENT drill shortly after its arrival at the integration and test facility.\",\"creditText\":\"Robert Markowitz\/NASA\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/06athena-moon-landing-cargo\/06athena-moon-landing-cargo-superJumbo.jpg\",\"height\":1365,\"width\":2048,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/06athena-moon-landing-cargo\/06athena-moon-landing-cargo-superJumbo.jpg\",\"caption\":\"A team of engineers from NASA\u2019s Johnson Space Center in Houston and Honeybee Robotics in Altadena, California inspecting the TRIDENT drill shortly after its arrival at the integration and test facility.\",\"creditText\":\"Robert Markowitz\/NASA\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/06athena-moon-landing-cargo\/06athena-moon-landing-cargo-mediumSquareAt3X.jpg\",\"height\":1800,\"width\":1800,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/06athena-moon-landing-cargo\/06athena-moon-landing-cargo-mediumSquareAt3X.jpg\",\"caption\":\"A team of engineers from NASA\u2019s Johnson Space Center in Houston and Honeybee Robotics in Altadena, California inspecting the TRIDENT drill shortly after its arrival at the integration and test facility.\",\"creditText\":\"Robert Markowitz\/NASA\"}],\"articleBody\":\"Much of the moon\u2019s frozen water is likely below the surface, out of view of orbiting spacecraft.A drill on Athena will give scientists a first look at that water. The mission is named Polar Resources Ice Mining Experiment 1, or PRIME-1. The drill is named The Regolith and Ice Drill for Exploring New Terrain, or TRIDENT.Near the south pole where temperatures are very cold, volatiles \u2014 chemical substances that easily change into a gas \u2014 are likely to be trapped in the soil.The volatiles would give clues about the origin of the solar system, and they could also provide key resources for future astronauts, including water to drink, air to breathe and rocket fuel.\u201cIt\u2019s going to be important to understand, on the surface of the moon and beneath the surface, where these volatiles are, exactly what they are,\u201d Joel Kearns, the deputy associate administrator for exploration in NASA\u2019s science mission directorate, said during a news conference in February.The drill was built by Honeybee Robotics of Altadena, Calif. It can drill to a depth of one meter.When penetrating through loose soil, the drill bit turns like a normal drill. But the drill also has a mode that behaves more like a jackhammer \u201cthat we can turn on whenever we hit rocks or we hit ice,\u201d Kris Zacny, vice president for exploration systems at Honeybee, said in an interview. \u201cFrozen ground is as hard as pavement and even harder.\u201dThe drill cuttings will be lifted out from the drill hole about four inches at a time and dumped on the lunar surface. The volatiles lurking in those cuttings, including water and carbon dioxide, will turn into gases and be detected by a mass spectrometer. The drill also has two temperature sensors. One is the located right at the drill bit. The second, along with a heater, is eight inches above the drill bit. The heater also serves as a science experiment, allowing measurements of the flow of heat between the two sensors, which could reveal how much frozen water is in the lunar dirt.If the soil is a good thermal conductor, heat from the heater would not change the temperature much. That is what would be expected if there is ice in the soil \u2014 what planetary scientists call regolith.\u201cBut if the lunar regolith is a very good insulator and we turn the heater on, the temperature is going to go up very, very quickly because there is nowhere for heat to go,\u201d Dr. Zacny said.The thermal conductivity will be low if the regolith is dry.The amount of power needed to push the drill downward will also reveal something about the material, whether it is loosely compacted soil or something hard like rock or ice.\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"sourceOrganization\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightYear\":2025,\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-06T16:02:24.000Z\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-06T16:02:26.655Z\",\"headline\":\"Update from Michael Roston\",\"author\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"Person\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/michael-roston\",\"name\":\"Michael Roston\"}],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/04\/science\/moon-landing\/3a7710f2-f5f0-5b07-8f82-cbe604931f33\",\"image\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x675_nameplate.png\",\"height\":675,\"width\":1200,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x675_nameplate.png\",\"creditText\":\"The New York Times\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x900_t.png\",\"height\":900,\"width\":1200,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x900_t.png\",\"creditText\":\"The New York Times\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x1200_t.png\",\"height\":1200,\"width\":1200,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x1200_t.png\",\"creditText\":\"The New York Times\"}],\"articleBody\":\"The moon landing isn\u2019t the day\u2019s only space news. At 11:24 a.m. Eastern time, the company Arianespace will launch its newest rocket, Ariane 6, on its second flight, from a launch site in French Guiana in South America. It\u2019s carrying a French military satellite to orbit. The rocket\u2019s first flight in 2024 was a partial success . More about how to watch that launch here .\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"sourceOrganization\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightYear\":2025,\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-06T15:45:03.457Z\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-06T15:45:03.457Z\",\"headline\":\"Where Athena is landing.\",\"author\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"Person\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\",\"name\":\"Kenneth Chang\"}],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\/where-athena-is-landing\",\"image\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/05\/06athena-moon-landing-south-pole-24791-cover\/06athena-moon-landing-south-pole-24791-cover-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg\",\"height\":900,\"width\":1600,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/05\/06athena-moon-landing-south-pole-24791-cover\/06athena-moon-landing-south-pole-24791-cover-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg\",\"creditText\":\"NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/05\/06athena-moon-landing-south-pole-24791-cover\/06athena-moon-landing-south-pole-24791-cover-superJumbo.jpg\",\"height\":1080,\"width\":1920,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/05\/06athena-moon-landing-south-pole-24791-cover\/06athena-moon-landing-south-pole-24791-cover-superJumbo.jpg\",\"creditText\":\"NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/05\/06athena-moon-landing-south-pole-24791-cover\/06athena-moon-landing-south-pole-24791-cover-mediumSquareAt3X.jpg\",\"height\":1080,\"width\":1080,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/05\/06athena-moon-landing-south-pole-24791-cover\/06athena-moon-landing-south-pole-24791-cover-mediumSquareAt3X.jpg\",\"creditText\":\"NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio\"}],\"articleBody\":\"Athena is aiming to set down on Mons Mouton, a flat-topped mountain about 100 miles from the moon\u2019s south pole. That will be closer to the moon\u2019s south pole than any previous spacecraft has landed.The mountain is about 60 miles wide \u2014 about the size of Delaware \u2014 and rises about 20,000 feet above the surrounding terrain. That is as tall as Mount McKinley, the Alaska mountain also known as Denali . It is one of the regions under consideration for where NASA astronauts are to land on the moon during the Artemis III mission.Mons Mouton was officially named in 2022 after Melba Mouton, an African American woman who worked as a mathematician at NASA, one of the \u201chuman computers\u201d who calculated spacecraft trajectories before the advent of computers. When NASA started using computers, she became a programmer.Mons Mouton was not the originally planned landing site for Athena. In November 2021, NASA announced that the spacecraft was heading for a ridge near the 13-mile-wide Shackleton Crater. \u201cWhich was incredibly exciting for me, personally,\u201d said Mark Robinson, a planetary geologist working for Intuitive Machines.That was not just because of the geology, \u201cbut also from \u2014 I\u2019m not sure I should say this or not \u2014 the magnificent scenery,\u201d Dr. Robinson said. \u201cIt\u2019s a really awesome spot.But a delay pushed the launch from early January to late February. And now in March, the shifting direction of long shadows in the polar regions makes the Shackleton crater area \u201clighting challenged,\u201d because the approach would be in shadows, Dr. Robinson said.A different NASA mission \u2014 the Volatiles Investigating Polar Explore Rover, or VIPER \u2014 was supposed to land on Mons Mouton. But citing cost overruns, NASA said last year that it would cancel that mission .NASA has since solicited proposals from companies to land and operate VIPER, but for now, the rover\u2019s fate remains in limbo.\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"sourceOrganization\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightYear\":2025,\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-06T15:15:04.393Z\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-06T15:15:04.393Z\",\"headline\":\"D\u00e9j\u00e0 moon? Another spacecraft just landed on the moon on Sunday.\",\"author\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"Person\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\",\"name\":\"Kenneth Chang\"}],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\/deja-moon-another-spacecraft-just-landed-on-the-moon-on-sunday\",\"image\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/multimedia\/06athena-moon-landing-firefly-jgph\/06athena-moon-landing-firefly-jgph-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg\",\"height\":900,\"width\":1600,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/multimedia\/06athena-moon-landing-firefly-jgph\/06athena-moon-landing-firefly-jgph-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Firefly Aerospace\u2019s Blue Ghost spacecraft casting a shadow on the moon\u2019s surface after landing on March 2.\",\"creditText\":\"Firefly Aerospace, via Reuters\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/multimedia\/06athena-moon-landing-firefly-jgph\/06athena-moon-landing-firefly-jgph-superJumbo.jpg\",\"height\":1366,\"width\":2048,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/multimedia\/06athena-moon-landing-firefly-jgph\/06athena-moon-landing-firefly-jgph-superJumbo.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Firefly Aerospace\u2019s Blue Ghost spacecraft casting a shadow on the moon\u2019s surface after landing on March 2.\",\"creditText\":\"Firefly Aerospace, via Reuters\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/multimedia\/06athena-moon-landing-firefly-jgph\/06athena-moon-landing-firefly-jgph-mediumSquareAt3X.jpg\",\"height\":1800,\"width\":1800,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/multimedia\/06athena-moon-landing-firefly-jgph\/06athena-moon-landing-firefly-jgph-mediumSquareAt3X.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Firefly Aerospace\u2019s Blue Ghost spacecraft casting a shadow on the moon\u2019s surface after landing on March 2.\",\"creditText\":\"Firefly Aerospace, via Reuters\"}],\"articleBody\":\"The Blue Ghost lander from Firefly Aerospace of Cedar Park, Texas, appeared to function nearly flawlessly, from launch in January to landing on the moon early on Sunda y.That was a welcome contrast to the mixed results of the first two missions in NASA\u2019s Commercial Lunar Payload Services Program, or CLPS.The first, by Astrobotic Technology of Pittsburgh, was a failure, never getting close to the moon after the Peregrine spacecraft experienced a catastrophic failure in its propulsion system. The second, Intuitive Machines\u2019s Odysseus lander, had to overcome technical glitches along the way including a nonfunctioning altimeter. It landed in working condition in February last year, but tipped over.Since its landing, the Blue Ghost spacecraft has been sending back pictures and data from the NASA experiments it took to the moon. During landing, the lander also captured images of the plume of dust kicked up by the engine exhaust.The spacecraft has deployed PlanetVac, a system for collecting samples of lunar soil, and the Electrodynamic Dust Shield, using electric fields to clean off lunar dust.Blue Ghost has another 10 days left in its mission before lunar night descends and the solar-powered spacecraft runs out of energy.\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"sourceOrganization\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightYear\":2025,\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-06T14:52:19.000Z\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-06T14:53:17.235Z\",\"headline\":\"Update from Kenneth Chang\",\"author\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"Person\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\",\"name\":\"Kenneth Chang\"}],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/04\/science\/moon-landing\/7e8163ed-2ff2-56e2-a89e-0a175d942fea\",\"image\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x675_nameplate.png\",\"height\":675,\"width\":1200,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x675_nameplate.png\",\"creditText\":\"The New York Times\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x900_t.png\",\"height\":900,\"width\":1200,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x900_t.png\",\"creditText\":\"The New York Times\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x1200_t.png\",\"height\":1200,\"width\":1200,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/vi-assets\/images\/share\/1200x1200_t.png\",\"creditText\":\"The New York Times\"}],\"articleBody\":\"On the social media site X, Intuitive Machines reported that at 5:33 a.m. Eastern time, its Athena spacecraft completed a \u201cdescent orbit insertion\u201d \u2014 an engine firing that sent the spacecraft flying much closer to the moon\u2019s surface. The company said it was still aiming for landing at about 12:30 p.m.\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BlogPosting\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"sourceOrganization\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/#publisher\",\"name\":\"The New York Times\"},\"copyrightYear\":2025,\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-06T14:45:03.765Z\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-03-06T14:45:03.765Z\",\"headline\":\"Intuitive Machines landed on the moon and then tipped over.\",\"author\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"Person\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\",\"name\":\"Kenneth Chang\"}],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\/intuitive-machines-landed-on-the-moon-and-then-tipped-over\",\"image\":[{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/02\/26\/multimedia\/06athena-moon-landing-odysseus\/26moon-landers-01-ctgm-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg\",\"height\":900,\"width\":1600,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/02\/26\/multimedia\/06athena-moon-landing-odysseus\/26moon-landers-01-ctgm-videoSixteenByNineJumbo1600.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Odysseus captured this image about 35 seconds after pitching over during its approach to the landing site last year.\",\"creditText\":\"Intuitive Machines\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/02\/26\/multimedia\/06athena-moon-landing-odysseus\/26moon-landers-01-ctgm-superJumbo.jpg\",\"height\":2048,\"width\":1536,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/02\/26\/multimedia\/06athena-moon-landing-odysseus\/26moon-landers-01-ctgm-superJumbo.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Odysseus captured this image about 35 seconds after pitching over during its approach to the landing site last year.\",\"creditText\":\"Intuitive Machines\"},{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/02\/26\/multimedia\/06athena-moon-landing-odysseus\/26moon-landers-01-ctgm-mediumSquareAt3X.jpg\",\"height\":1800,\"width\":1800,\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/02\/26\/multimedia\/06athena-moon-landing-odysseus\/26moon-landers-01-ctgm-mediumSquareAt3X.jpg\",\"caption\":\"Odysseus captured this image about 35 seconds after pitching over during its approach to the landing site last year.\",\"creditText\":\"Intuitive Machines\"}],\"articleBody\":\"Odysseus, Intuitive Machines\u2019 first lander, landed on the moon in February 2024 . But not perfectly.The spacecraft was almost doomed before it even left Earth. Safety switches on laser instruments to measure the spacecraft\u2019s altitude were still enabled, making them unusable. Mission controllers did not realize that error until Odysseus was in orbit around the moon, 200,000 miles away, and there was no way to fix the problem.Odysseus was also carrying an experimental instrument called the Navigation Doppler Lidar, which NASA wanted to test \u2014 essentially a more sophisticated instrument with three laser beams that measure not just altitude but the velocity of the spacecraft during its descent.Engineers at Intuitive Machines hurriedly patched Odysseus\u2019 software to substitute the NASA instrument. They got that done in time \u2014 except they forgot to update one parameter in the computer code, and the navigation software ignored the altitude data.Amazingly, Odysseus was still able to land using just estimates of the altitude, but the estimates were not perfect.When it touched the ground, the lander was descending faster than expected and still moving sideways at two miles per hour, when the motion should have been perfectly vertical. As a result, the spacecraft toppled .Odysseus continued to operate and was able to communicate with mission control at Intuitive Machines. That meant it was counted as a successful landing. But in the toppled orientation, Odysseus was not able to conduct much of the scientific work it had been sent to do.By coincidence, a lunar lander sent by JAXA , the Japanese space agency, had also tipped over a month earlier. In that case, a nozzle on one of the lander\u2019s main engines fell off, and the spacecraft was not able to fully compensate.\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\"}],\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\",\"isAccessibleForFree\":true}<\/script>\n    <meta data-rh=\"true\" property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-03-06T14:00:30.000Z\"\/><meta data-rh=\"true\" property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-03-06T17:02:44.364Z\"\/><meta data-rh=\"true\" http-equiv=\"Content-Language\" content=\"en\"\/><meta data-rh=\"true\" name=\"articleid\" content=\"100000010031598\"\/><meta data-rh=\"true\" name=\"nyt_uri\" content=\"nyt:\/\/legacycollection\/0a7a6d75-e7d4-5f9d-847f-5cc7d9f991d5\"\/><meta data-rh=\"true\" name=\"pubp_event_id\" 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data-collection-id=\"100000010031598\" data-feedpub-type=\"LIVE_BLOG\"><div role=\"region\" data-collection-lastmodified=\"2025-03-06T17:01:05.563Z\" aria-label=\"Main content\" class=\"\"><header class=\"live-blog-header css-15pqu78\" data-source-id=\"100000010031597\" data-testid=\"FeedLede\"><div class=\"css-1hksik4\"><span><span class=\"css-1044pt8 live-blog-header-live-label\" data-active=\"true\">Live<\/span><span class=\"css-vxcmzt live-blog-header-timestamp\"><time class=\"live-blog-header-timestamp css-130uzom\" dateTime=\"2025-03-06T17:02:44.364Z\"><span>Updated<!-- -->\u00a0<\/span><div class=\"css-ki347z\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-time=\"abs\" class=\"css-1656jku\">March 6, 2025, 12:02 p.m. ET<\/span><span data-time=\"rel\" class=\"css-xwx5dt\"><\/span><\/div><\/time><\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"css-13i09o\"><div class=\"\"><div class=\"\"><h1 id=\"link-2d8a1b8f\" class=\"css-dz70aj e1h9rw200\" data-testid=\"headline\">Live Updates: Watch the Moon Lander Athena Head for the Lunar Surface<\/h1><p class=\"css-daiqw4 evys1bk0\">Intuitive Machines made it to the moon last year, but tumbled over. 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class=\"css-mm3pwi\"><div style=\"height:0\"><div class=\"css-vxcmzt\"><div class=\"css-79elbk\"><button type=\"button\" aria-label=\"More sharing options ...\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"css-125598s\"><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"VideoObject\",\"description\":\"A 15-foot-tall robotic spacecraft named Athena will attempt to land at Mons Mouton, a flat-topped mountain about 100 miles from the moon\u2019s south pole.\",\"name\":\"Watch Live: Robotic Spacecraft Attempts Lunar Surface Landing\",\"thumbnailUrl\":[\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/space\/06athena-moon-landing-firefly-jgph-original\/06athena-moon-landing-firefly-jgph-original-videoSixteenByNine1050.jpg\",\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/space\/06athena-moon-landing-firefly-jgph-original\/06athena-moon-landing-firefly-jgph-original-superJumbo.jpg\",\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/space\/06athena-moon-landing-firefly-jgph-original\/06athena-moon-landing-firefly-jgph-original-square640.jpg\"],\"publication\":{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"BroadcastEvent\",\"name\":\"Watch Live: Robotic Spacecraft Attempts Lunar Surface Landing\",\"isLiveBroadcast\":true,\"startDate\":\"2025-03-06T16:40:24.000Z\",\"endDate\":\"2025-03-06T17:40:24.000Z\"},\"embedUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/video\/players\/offsite\/index.html?videoId=100000010035800\",\"contentUrl\":[\"https:\/\/video.nyt.com\/tvu-live\/fffffffbb0103504\/nSy4s\/master.m3u8\"],\"uploadDate\":\"2025-03-06T16:40:24.000Z\"}<\/script><\/div><div class=\"css-1cueeje\" style=\"padding-bottom:56.25%;transition:opacity 300ms ease-in-out\"><div class=\"css-1ihorw\"><img src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/space\/06athena-moon-landing-firefly-jgph-original\/06athena-moon-landing-firefly-jgph-original-videoSixteenByNine3000.jpg\" alt=\"Video player loading\"\/><\/div><div class=\"css-ew1078\"><div class=\"css-ptry2i\"><div><\/div><div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"css-ktho12 e3rygrp0\"><span class=\"css-jevhma e13ogyst0\" data-testid=\"video-summary\">A 15-foot-tall robotic spacecraft named Athena will attempt to land at Mons Mouton, a flat-topped mountain about 100 miles from the moon\u2019s south pole.<\/span><span class=\"css-cch8ym\"><span class=\"css-1dv1kvn\">Credit<\/span><span class=\"css-14fe1uy e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit...<\/span><span>NASA<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div class=\"css-1kzjpxc\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/header><\/div><div role=\"region\" aria-label=\"Live feed\" class=\"live-feed\"><div id=\"feed-top\"><\/div><section role=\"feed\" aria-label=\"Live posts\" id=\"live-feed-items\"><div role=\"article\" class=\"\" aria-posinset=\"15\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" aria-live=\"off\" aria-labelledby=\"post-title-QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2QwYzNmOTQzLTJkZGQtNTBjMi1hOGVmLTQ1M2FjMDZhMzlmZg==\"><div data-testid=\"live-blog-post\" class=\"live-blog-post pinned-post css-1xvdcn3\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing#what-you-need-to-know-about-the-athena-moon-landing\" data-source-id=\"100000010031600\"><div class=\"css-608m5d\" id=\"what-you-need-to-know-about-the-athena-moon-landing\"><\/div><div class=\"css-1lvc6j\"> <svg width=\"10\" height=\"13\" viewBox=\"0 0 10 13\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path fill-rule=\"evenodd\" clip-rule=\"evenodd\" d=\"M9.1 7.0655C9.1 6.76 8.879 6.513 8.58 6.4285C7.7545 6.201 7.15 5.447 7.15 4.55V1.3H7.8C8.1575 1.3 8.45 1.0075 8.45 0.65C8.45 0.2925 8.1575 0 7.8 0H1.3C0.9425 0 0.65 0.2925 0.65 0.65C0.65 1.0075 0.9425 1.3 1.3 1.3H1.95V4.55C1.95 5.447 1.3455 6.201 0.52 6.4285C0.221 6.513 0 6.76 0 7.0655V7.15C0 7.5075 0.2925 7.8 0.65 7.8H3.887L3.9 12.35C3.9 12.7075 4.1925 13 4.55 13C4.9075 13 5.2 12.7075 5.2 12.35L5.187 7.8H8.45C8.8075 7.8 9.1 7.5075 9.1 7.15V7.0655Z\"><\/path><\/svg> Pinned<\/div><div class=\"live-blog-meta css-1g3itdy\"><div class=\"css-yf9s2t\" data-testid=\"live-blog-byline\"><a class=\"css-13xl2ke\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\"><img alt=\"Kenneth Chang\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbLarge-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbStandard-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 75w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbLarge-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 150w\" sizes=\"40px\" height=\"40\" width=\"40\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/a><div class=\"css-1ppjtba\"><span class=\"css-xtl8uk\"><time class=\"css-iqvqz5\" dateTime=\"2025-03-06T17:00:59.299Z\"><span>Updated<!-- -->\u00a0<\/span><div class=\"css-ki347z\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-time=\"abs\" class=\"css-1656jku\">March 6, 2025, 12:00 p.m. ET<\/span><span data-time=\"rel\" class=\"css-xwx5dt\"><\/span><\/div><\/time><\/span><div><p class=\"css-14uetg2 e1jsehar1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\" class=\"last-byline css-ojhyzr e1jsehar0\" itemProp=\"name\">Kenneth Chang<\/a><\/p><span data-testid=\"lb-byline-tagline\" class=\"css-bslbhu\">Reporting on missions to the moon and beyond.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"css-1i27l4i\"><button aria-label=\"Copy a shareable link to your clipboard\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-athena-moon-landing\" class=\"css-19moa8e\" type=\"button\" id=\"share-link-https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\/what-you-need-to-know-about-the-athena-moon-landing\" data-testid=\"copy-link\"><svg class=\"css-1wydbmw\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M10.59,13.41C11,13.8 11,14.44 10.59,14.83C10.2,15.22 9.56,15.22 9.17,14.83C7.22,12.88 7.22,9.71 9.17,7.76V7.76L12.71,4.22C14.66,2.27 17.83,2.27 19.78,4.22C21.73,6.17 21.73,9.34 19.78,11.29L18.29,12.78C18.3,11.96 18.17,11.14 17.89,10.36L18.36,9.88C19.54,8.71 19.54,6.81 18.36,5.64C17.19,4.46 15.29,4.46 14.12,5.64L10.59,9.17C9.41,10.34 9.41,12.24 10.59,13.41M13.41,9.17C13.8,8.78 14.44,8.78 14.83,9.17C16.78,11.12 16.78,14.29 14.83,16.24V16.24L11.29,19.78C9.34,21.73 6.17,21.73 4.22,19.78C2.27,17.83 2.27,14.66 4.22,12.71L5.71,11.22C5.7,12.04 5.83,12.86 6.11,13.65L5.64,14.12C4.46,15.29 4.46,17.19 5.64,18.36C6.81,19.54 8.71,19.54 9.88,18.36L13.41,14.83C14.59,13.66 14.59,11.76 13.41,10.59C13,10.2 13,9.56 13.41,9.17Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"live-blog-post-headline css-j3uhc5\"><h2 id=\"post-title-QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2QwYzNmOTQzLTJkZGQtNTBjMi1hOGVmLTQ1M2FjMDZhMzlmZg==\" class=\"css-15ah5p9 eoo0vm40\"><a class=\"css-etxl5s\" href=\"#what-you-need-to-know-about-the-athena-moon-landing\">What to know about the moon landing.<\/a><\/h2><\/div><div class=\"css-ca0vdo\"><\/div><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">With NASA again picking up the bill, Intuitive Machines of Houston is going back to the moon.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">On Thursday, the company will attempt to land a 15-foot-tall robotic spacecraft, which it built, on the lunar surface. The spacecraft, named Athena, is almost identical to Odysseus, the lander that Intuitive Machines sent to the moon last year. Odysseus was the first commercially operated vehicle to successfully land on the moon, but that success came with an asterisk when the vehicle toppled shortly after reaching the ground.<\/p><div class=\"css-1dv1kvn\"><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">This time, the hope is that Athena will stay upright as it deploys payloads for NASA and commercial customers.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">Here\u2019s what else to know about Athena\u2019s moon landing attempt:<\/p><ul class=\"live-blog-post-content css-1ie9vib ez3869y0\"><li class=\"css-1i3ul0c eoqvrfo0\"><p class=\"css-1il0jfh evys1bk0\"><strong class=\"css-8qgvsz ebyp5n10\">Timing:<\/strong> Athena\u2019s descent toward the lunar surface will soon begin, and plans call for it to set down around 12:30 p.m. Eastern time. NASA will begin streaming live coverage at 11:30 a.m. <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/plus.nasa.gov\/scheduled-video\/intuitive-machines-2-lunar-landing\/\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">on its website<\/a>, or you can watch it here.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"css-1i3ul0c eoqvrfo0\"><p class=\"css-1il0jfh evys1bk0\"><strong class=\"css-8qgvsz ebyp5n10\">Destination:<\/strong> The lander\u2019s destination is Mons Mouton, a flat-topped mountain about 100 miles from the moon\u2019s south pole. That will be closer to the moon\u2019s south pole than any previous spacecraft has landed.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"css-1i3ul0c eoqvrfo0\"><p class=\"css-1il0jfh evys1bk0\"><strong class=\"css-8qgvsz ebyp5n10\">A busy week:<\/strong> Intuitive Machines is the second company to attempt a moon landing this week. Firefly Aerospace, another Texas space company, <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/03\/01\/science\/blue-ghost-firefly-mission-1-moon-landing.html\" title=\"\">successfully reached the Mare Crisium region of the moon on Sunday morning<\/a>.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"css-1i3ul0c eoqvrfo0\"><p class=\"css-1il0jfh evys1bk0\"><strong class=\"css-8qgvsz ebyp5n10\">NASA\u2019s program:<\/strong> The main customer of both missions is NASA under its Commercial Lunar Payload Services program, which hires private companies to take NASA-financed science and technology payloads to the lunar surface.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"css-1i3ul0c eoqvrfo0\"><p class=\"css-1il0jfh evys1bk0\"><strong class=\"css-8qgvsz ebyp5n10\">Payload:<\/strong> The main payload on Athena is a drill for NASA that will extract lunar soil to be sniffed by a mass spectrometer for frozen water and other compounds.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"css-1i3ul0c eoqvrfo0\"><p class=\"css-1il0jfh evys1bk0\"><strong class=\"css-8qgvsz ebyp5n10\">Rovers:<\/strong> The spacecraft is carrying much more than a drill. Also aboard is a rover the size of a small dog that will test a Nokia cellphone network on the moon, and two smaller rovers, one built by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the other by a Japanese company. Intuitive Machines will also test a rocket-powered vehicle called a hopper that could explore places not easily reached by rovers.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/div><button class=\"css-182hr0m\" data-testid=\"Show-More\" type=\"button\" aria-hidden=\"true\">Show more<\/button><\/div><\/div><div role=\"article\" class=\"\" aria-posinset=\"14\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" aria-live=\"off\" aria-labelledby=\"post-title-QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzgwZDI5NGRkLTZjOWMtNTYxNi04ZWE1LTU0MWQ0ZTcyMDg2OQ==\"><div data-testid=\"live-blog-post\" class=\"live-blog-post css-3msjoc\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing#a-robot-will-make-a-hop-a-skip-and-a-jump-on-the-moons-surface\" data-source-id=\"100000010035153\"><div class=\"css-608m5d\" id=\"a-robot-will-make-a-hop-a-skip-and-a-jump-on-the-moons-surface\"><\/div><div class=\"live-blog-meta css-1g3itdy\"><div class=\"css-yf9s2t\" data-testid=\"live-blog-byline\"><a class=\"css-13xl2ke\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\"><img alt=\"Kenneth Chang\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbLarge-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbStandard-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 75w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbLarge-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 150w\" sizes=\"40px\" height=\"40\" width=\"40\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/a><div class=\"css-1ppjtba\"><span class=\"css-xtl8uk\"><time class=\"css-iqvqz5\" dateTime=\"2025-03-06T17:01:04.073Z\"><div class=\"css-ki347z\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-time=\"abs\" class=\"css-1656jku\">March 6, 2025, 12:01 p.m. ET<\/span><span data-time=\"rel\" class=\"css-xwx5dt\"><\/span><\/div><\/time><\/span><div><p class=\"css-14uetg2 e1jsehar1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\" class=\"last-byline css-ojhyzr e1jsehar0\" itemProp=\"name\">Kenneth Chang<\/a><\/p><span data-testid=\"lb-byline-tagline\" class=\"css-bslbhu\">Reporting on missions to the moon and beyond.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"css-1i27l4i\"><button aria-label=\"Copy a shareable link to your clipboard\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\/a-robot-will-make-a-hop-a-skip-and-a-jump-on-the-moons-surface\" class=\"css-19moa8e\" type=\"button\" id=\"share-link-https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\/a-robot-will-make-a-hop-a-skip-and-a-jump-on-the-moons-surface\" data-testid=\"copy-link\"><svg class=\"css-1wydbmw\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M10.59,13.41C11,13.8 11,14.44 10.59,14.83C10.2,15.22 9.56,15.22 9.17,14.83C7.22,12.88 7.22,9.71 9.17,7.76V7.76L12.71,4.22C14.66,2.27 17.83,2.27 19.78,4.22C21.73,6.17 21.73,9.34 19.78,11.29L18.29,12.78C18.3,11.96 18.17,11.14 17.89,10.36L18.36,9.88C19.54,8.71 19.54,6.81 18.36,5.64C17.19,4.46 15.29,4.46 14.12,5.64L10.59,9.17C9.41,10.34 9.41,12.24 10.59,13.41M13.41,9.17C13.8,8.78 14.44,8.78 14.83,9.17C16.78,11.12 16.78,14.29 14.83,16.24V16.24L11.29,19.78C9.34,21.73 6.17,21.73 4.22,19.78C2.27,17.83 2.27,14.66 4.22,12.71L5.71,11.22C5.7,12.04 5.83,12.86 6.11,13.65L5.64,14.12C4.46,15.29 4.46,17.19 5.64,18.36C6.81,19.54 8.71,19.54 9.88,18.36L13.41,14.83C14.59,13.66 14.59,11.76 13.41,10.59C13,10.2 13,9.56 13.41,9.17Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"live-blog-post-headline css-j3uhc5\"><h2 id=\"post-title-QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzgwZDI5NGRkLTZjOWMtNTYxNi04ZWE1LTU0MWQ0ZTcyMDg2OQ==\" class=\"css-15ah5p9 eoo0vm40\"><a class=\"css-etxl5s\" href=\"#a-robot-will-make-a-hop-a-skip-and-a-jump-on-the-moons-surface\">A robot will make a hop, a skip and a jump on the moon\u2019s surface.<\/a><\/h2><\/div><div data-testid=\"imageblock-wrapper\"><figure class=\"img-sz-large css-hxpw2c e1g7ppur0\" aria-label=\"media\" role=\"group\"><div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children-figure\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Image<\/span><div class=\"css-nwd8t8\" data-testid=\"lazy-image\"><div data-testid=\"lazyimage-container\" style=\"height:259.06666666666666px\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption data-testid=\"photoviewer-children-caption\" class=\"css-1g9ic6e ewdxa0s0\"><span class=\"css-jevhma e13ogyst0\">Intuitive Machines\u2019s Micro Nova Hopper is nicknamed Grace, after Grace Hopper, the pioneering 20th century computer scientist and mathematician who became a rear admiral in the United States Navy, seen here in 1984.<\/span><span class=\"css-14fe1uy e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit...<\/span><span><span aria-hidden=\"false\">Cynthia Johnson\/Getty Images<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"css-ca0vdo\"><\/div><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">For years, Mark Robinson, a professor of planetary geosciences at Arizona State University, imagined a tiny little spacecraft that could hop into a hole or pit on the moon\u2019s surface, take a quick look around and hop back out.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">Planetary scientists speculated that such pits could be an opening into a lava tube \u2014 a hollow underground channel where lava once flowed, and where astronauts could someday build a moon base.<\/p><div class=\"css-1dv1kvn\"><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">Dr. Robinson mentioned his idea to Trent Martin, senior vice president for space systems at Intuitive Machines.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">Mr. Martin told Dr. Robinson that Intuitive Machines was developing a flying vehicle that could undertake exactly that type of lunar spelunking.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">\u201cEveryone was doing rovers, and we started thinking about ways that we could do extreme mobility, down into locations where rovers could not reach,\u201d Mr. Martin said.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">NASA liked the hopper idea and awarded money to Intuitive Machines to build it and put it on Athena. But the destination for this mission is the south polar region and not close to a pit. Dr. Robinson, who now works for Intuitive Machines, will have to wait longer for his original inspiration to come to fruition.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">Instead, the 2.5-foot-tall flying vehicle is to go into a permanently shadowed region that never receives direct sunshine.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">Formally, Intuitive Machines calls it the Micro Nova Hopper. It also nicknamed this particular vehicle Grace, after Grace Hopper, a pioneering 20th century computer scientist and mathematician who became a rear admiral in the United States Navy.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">About 14 hours after Athena\u2019s arrival, the hopper will hop about 20 yards from the lander. That will be followed by a longer hop, about 50 yards. Then the hopper will perform a longer, more level flight at an altitude of about 300 feet to the edge of a small, shadowed crater. It will hop into the crater, about 60 feet deep, and hop out again.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">The hopper is carrying cameras, a thermometer and an instrument to sniff for water. It is also carrying an antenna to help test Nokia\u2019s cellphone network technology for communications between the hopper, the lander and a separate rover.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">For future missions, a hopper could serve a reconnaissance role, similar to how, on Mars, NASA\u2019s <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/01\/25\/science\/nasa-ingenuity-helicopter-mars.html\" title=\"\">Ingenuity helicopter<\/a> surveyed the terrain ahead of the Perseverance rover. It could also dive into one of the moon\u2019s mysterious pits.<\/p><\/div><button class=\"css-182hr0m\" data-testid=\"Show-More\" type=\"button\" aria-hidden=\"true\">Show more<\/button><\/div><\/div><div role=\"article\" class=\"\" aria-posinset=\"13\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" aria-live=\"off\" aria-labelledby=\"post-title-region2\"><\/div><div role=\"article\" class=\"\" aria-posinset=\"12\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" aria-live=\"off\" aria-labelledby=\"post-title-ad0\"><div class=\"css-1m8cdc0\" id=\"ad-0\" data-testid=\"FeedItem\"><div class=\"css-aljv3\" data-testid=\"StandardAd\"><p class=\"css-le4k3i\">Advertisement<\/p><a href=\"#after-dfp-ad-mid1\" class=\"css-777zgl\">SKIP ADVERTISEMENT<\/a><div class=\"ad dfp-ad-mid1-wrapper css-rfqw0c\" id=\"dfp-ad-mid1\"><\/div><div id=\"after-dfp-ad-mid1\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div role=\"article\" class=\"\" aria-posinset=\"11\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" aria-live=\"off\" aria-labelledby=\"post-title-UmVwb3J0ZXJVcGRhdGU6bnl0Oi8vcmVwb3J0ZXJ1cGRhdGUvY2VjYmFhYTUtNDQ0YS01MGJmLWFkNTQtMzIzMTA4MjUzYzhm\"><div id=\"cecbaaa5-444a-50bf-ad54-323108253c8f\" data-testid=\"reporter-update\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing#cecbaaa5-444a-50bf-ad54-323108253c8f\" class=\"live-blog-reporter-update live-blog-reporter-update css-e7mcev regular-update\"><div class=\"css-1ld2k5j\"><div class=\"css-yf9s2t\" data-testid=\"live-blog-byline\"><a class=\"css-13xl2ke\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/michael-roston\"><img alt=\"Michael Roston\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/09\/25\/multimedia\/author-michael-roston\/author-michael-roston-thumbLarge-v2.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/09\/25\/multimedia\/author-michael-roston\/author-michael-roston-thumbStandard-v5.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 75w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/09\/25\/multimedia\/author-michael-roston\/author-michael-roston-thumbLarge-v2.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 150w\" sizes=\"40px\" height=\"40\" width=\"40\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/a><div class=\"css-1ppjtba\"><span class=\"css-xtl8uk\"><time class=\"css-iqvqz5\" dateTime=\"2025-03-06T16:55:55.000Z\"><div class=\"css-ki347z\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-time=\"abs\" class=\"css-1656jku\">March 6, 2025, 11:55 a.m. ET<\/span><span data-time=\"rel\" class=\"css-xwx5dt\"><\/span><\/div><\/time><\/span><div><p class=\"css-14uetg2 e1jsehar1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/michael-roston\" class=\"last-byline css-ojhyzr e1jsehar0\" itemProp=\"name\">Michael Roston<\/a><\/p><span data-testid=\"lb-byline-tagline\" class=\"css-bslbhu\">Editing spaceflight news.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><button aria-label=\"Copy a shareable link to your clipboard\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/04\/science\/moon-landing\/cecbaaa5-444a-50bf-ad54-323108253c8f\" class=\"css-19moa8e\" type=\"button\" id=\"share-link-https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/04\/science\/moon-landing\/cecbaaa5-444a-50bf-ad54-323108253c8f\" data-testid=\"copy-link\"><svg class=\"css-1wydbmw\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M10.59,13.41C11,13.8 11,14.44 10.59,14.83C10.2,15.22 9.56,15.22 9.17,14.83C7.22,12.88 7.22,9.71 9.17,7.76V7.76L12.71,4.22C14.66,2.27 17.83,2.27 19.78,4.22C21.73,6.17 21.73,9.34 19.78,11.29L18.29,12.78C18.3,11.96 18.17,11.14 17.89,10.36L18.36,9.88C19.54,8.71 19.54,6.81 18.36,5.64C17.19,4.46 15.29,4.46 14.12,5.64L10.59,9.17C9.41,10.34 9.41,12.24 10.59,13.41M13.41,9.17C13.8,8.78 14.44,8.78 14.83,9.17C16.78,11.12 16.78,14.29 14.83,16.24V16.24L11.29,19.78C9.34,21.73 6.17,21.73 4.22,19.78C2.27,17.83 2.27,14.66 4.22,12.71L5.71,11.22C5.7,12.04 5.83,12.86 6.11,13.65L5.64,14.12C4.46,15.29 4.46,17.19 5.64,18.36C6.81,19.54 8.71,19.54 9.88,18.36L13.41,14.83C14.59,13.66 14.59,11.76 13.41,10.59C13,10.2 13,9.56 13.41,9.17Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"css-daiqw4 evys1bk0\">\u201cD\u00e9collage!\u201d is what they say in French Guiana when launching rockets for Europe\u2019s space program. The Ariane 6 rocket lifted off on time at 11:24 a.m. Eastern time. The rocket\u2019s upper stage is now coasting in orbit ahead of the deployment of the French military satellite it is carrying.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div role=\"article\" class=\"\" aria-posinset=\"10\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" aria-live=\"off\" aria-labelledby=\"post-title-UmVwb3J0ZXJVcGRhdGU6bnl0Oi8vcmVwb3J0ZXJ1cGRhdGUvMDIzYzQzY2EtNGZjYS01NWJmLTg2NDctNmU2MDY4ODczMjE2\"><div id=\"023c43ca-4fca-55bf-8647-6e6068873216\" data-testid=\"reporter-update\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing#023c43ca-4fca-55bf-8647-6e6068873216\" class=\"live-blog-reporter-update live-blog-reporter-update css-e7mcev regular-update\"><div class=\"css-1ld2k5j\"><div class=\"css-yf9s2t\" data-testid=\"live-blog-byline\"><a class=\"css-13xl2ke\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\"><img alt=\"Kenneth Chang\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbLarge-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbStandard-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 75w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbLarge-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 150w\" sizes=\"40px\" height=\"40\" width=\"40\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/a><div class=\"css-1ppjtba\"><span class=\"css-xtl8uk\"><time class=\"css-iqvqz5\" dateTime=\"2025-03-06T16:47:33.000Z\"><div class=\"css-ki347z\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-time=\"abs\" class=\"css-1656jku\">March 6, 2025, 11:47 a.m. ET<\/span><span data-time=\"rel\" class=\"css-xwx5dt\"><\/span><\/div><\/time><\/span><div><p class=\"css-14uetg2 e1jsehar1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\" class=\"last-byline css-ojhyzr e1jsehar0\" itemProp=\"name\">Kenneth Chang<\/a><\/p><span data-testid=\"lb-byline-tagline\" class=\"css-bslbhu\">Reporting on missions to the moon and beyond.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><button aria-label=\"Copy a shareable link to your clipboard\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/04\/science\/moon-landing\/023c43ca-4fca-55bf-8647-6e6068873216\" class=\"css-19moa8e\" type=\"button\" id=\"share-link-https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/04\/science\/moon-landing\/023c43ca-4fca-55bf-8647-6e6068873216\" data-testid=\"copy-link\"><svg class=\"css-1wydbmw\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M10.59,13.41C11,13.8 11,14.44 10.59,14.83C10.2,15.22 9.56,15.22 9.17,14.83C7.22,12.88 7.22,9.71 9.17,7.76V7.76L12.71,4.22C14.66,2.27 17.83,2.27 19.78,4.22C21.73,6.17 21.73,9.34 19.78,11.29L18.29,12.78C18.3,11.96 18.17,11.14 17.89,10.36L18.36,9.88C19.54,8.71 19.54,6.81 18.36,5.64C17.19,4.46 15.29,4.46 14.12,5.64L10.59,9.17C9.41,10.34 9.41,12.24 10.59,13.41M13.41,9.17C13.8,8.78 14.44,8.78 14.83,9.17C16.78,11.12 16.78,14.29 14.83,16.24V16.24L11.29,19.78C9.34,21.73 6.17,21.73 4.22,19.78C2.27,17.83 2.27,14.66 4.22,12.71L5.71,11.22C5.7,12.04 5.83,12.86 6.11,13.65L5.64,14.12C4.46,15.29 4.46,17.19 5.64,18.36C6.81,19.54 8.71,19.54 9.88,18.36L13.41,14.83C14.59,13.66 14.59,11.76 13.41,10.59C13,10.2 13,9.56 13.41,9.17Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"css-daiqw4 evys1bk0\">On the livestream, Josh Marshall of Intuitive Machines said the company is adjusting Athena\u2019s landing trajectory. Instead of pivoting the spacecraft to a vertical orientation at 400 meters as originally planned, Athena will pivot at an altitude of 450 meters. There seems to be some uncertainty about data from the instrument that measures the spacecraft\u2019s altitude, which could affect its landing prospects.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"css-bncxq\"><div id=\"\" data-testid=\"reporter-update\" data-url=\"\" class=\"live-blog-reporter-update regular-update\"><div class=\"css-1mnn6l5\"><div class=\"css-yf9s2t\" data-testid=\"live-blog-byline\"><a class=\"css-13xl2ke\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\"><img alt=\"Kenneth Chang\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbLarge-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbStandard-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 75w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbLarge-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 150w\" sizes=\"40px\" height=\"40\" width=\"40\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/a><div class=\"css-1ppjtba\"><span class=\"css-xtl8uk\"><time class=\"css-iqvqz5\" dateTime=\"2025-03-06T16:47:41.000Z\"><div class=\"css-ki347z\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-time=\"abs\" class=\"css-1656jku\">March 6, 2025, 11:47 a.m. ET<\/span><span data-time=\"rel\" class=\"css-xwx5dt\"><\/span><\/div><\/time><\/span><div><p class=\"css-14uetg2 e1jsehar1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\" class=\"last-byline css-ojhyzr e1jsehar0\" itemProp=\"name\">Kenneth Chang<\/a><\/p><span data-testid=\"lb-byline-tagline\" class=\"css-bslbhu\">Reporting on missions to the moon and beyond.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><p class=\"css-1il0jfh evys1bk0\">\u201cWe\u2019re doing this to allow a little extra time for flight controllers to confirm and manually screen altitude measurements before ingesting those measurements into the navigation filter,\u201d Mr. Marshall said.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><div role=\"article\" class=\"\" aria-posinset=\"9\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" aria-live=\"off\" aria-labelledby=\"post-title-QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzcxZDVhMTVjLTFhZGQtNWIzOS1hOTUwLTU1Y2Y3OTYyZTQ3NQ==\"><div data-testid=\"live-blog-post\" class=\"live-blog-post css-3msjoc\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing#this-is-what-will-happen-when-athena-tries-to-land-on-the-moon\" data-source-id=\"100000010031621\"><div class=\"css-608m5d\" id=\"this-is-what-will-happen-when-athena-tries-to-land-on-the-moon\"><\/div><div class=\"live-blog-meta css-1g3itdy\"><div class=\"css-yf9s2t\" data-testid=\"live-blog-byline\"><a class=\"css-13xl2ke\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\"><img alt=\"Kenneth Chang\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbLarge-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbStandard-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 75w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbLarge-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 150w\" sizes=\"40px\" height=\"40\" width=\"40\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/a><div class=\"css-1ppjtba\"><span class=\"css-xtl8uk\"><time class=\"css-iqvqz5\" dateTime=\"2025-03-06T16:45:04.692Z\"><div class=\"css-ki347z\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-time=\"abs\" class=\"css-1656jku\">March 6, 2025, 11:45 a.m. ET<\/span><span data-time=\"rel\" class=\"css-xwx5dt\"><\/span><\/div><\/time><\/span><div><p class=\"css-14uetg2 e1jsehar1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\" class=\"last-byline css-ojhyzr e1jsehar0\" itemProp=\"name\">Kenneth Chang<\/a><\/p><span data-testid=\"lb-byline-tagline\" class=\"css-bslbhu\">Reporting on missions to the moon and beyond.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"css-1i27l4i\"><button aria-label=\"Copy a shareable link to your clipboard\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\/this-is-what-will-happen-when-athena-tries-to-land-on-the-moon\" class=\"css-19moa8e\" type=\"button\" id=\"share-link-https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\/this-is-what-will-happen-when-athena-tries-to-land-on-the-moon\" data-testid=\"copy-link\"><svg class=\"css-1wydbmw\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M10.59,13.41C11,13.8 11,14.44 10.59,14.83C10.2,15.22 9.56,15.22 9.17,14.83C7.22,12.88 7.22,9.71 9.17,7.76V7.76L12.71,4.22C14.66,2.27 17.83,2.27 19.78,4.22C21.73,6.17 21.73,9.34 19.78,11.29L18.29,12.78C18.3,11.96 18.17,11.14 17.89,10.36L18.36,9.88C19.54,8.71 19.54,6.81 18.36,5.64C17.19,4.46 15.29,4.46 14.12,5.64L10.59,9.17C9.41,10.34 9.41,12.24 10.59,13.41M13.41,9.17C13.8,8.78 14.44,8.78 14.83,9.17C16.78,11.12 16.78,14.29 14.83,16.24V16.24L11.29,19.78C9.34,21.73 6.17,21.73 4.22,19.78C2.27,17.83 2.27,14.66 4.22,12.71L5.71,11.22C5.7,12.04 5.83,12.86 6.11,13.65L5.64,14.12C4.46,15.29 4.46,17.19 5.64,18.36C6.81,19.54 8.71,19.54 9.88,18.36L13.41,14.83C14.59,13.66 14.59,11.76 13.41,10.59C13,10.2 13,9.56 13.41,9.17Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"live-blog-post-headline css-j3uhc5\"><h2 id=\"post-title-QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzcxZDVhMTVjLTFhZGQtNWIzOS1hOTUwLTU1Y2Y3OTYyZTQ3NQ==\" class=\"css-15ah5p9 eoo0vm40\"><a class=\"css-etxl5s\" href=\"#this-is-what-will-happen-when-athena-tries-to-land-on-the-moon\">This is what will happen when Athena tries to land on the moon.<\/a><\/h2><\/div><div data-testid=\"imageblock-wrapper\"><figure class=\"img-sz-large css-hxpw2c e1g7ppur0\" aria-label=\"media\" role=\"group\"><div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children-figure\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Image<\/span><div class=\"css-nwd8t8\" data-testid=\"lazy-image\"><div data-testid=\"lazyimage-container\" style=\"height:257.77777777777777px\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption data-testid=\"photoviewer-children-caption\" class=\"css-1g9ic6e ewdxa0s0\"><span class=\"css-jevhma e13ogyst0\">A view from Athena released Tuesday, passing over its landing spot. It has been orbiting the moon every two hours, waiting for the sun to rise on the intended landing site at Mons Mouton.<\/span><span class=\"css-14fe1uy e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit...<\/span><span><span aria-hidden=\"false\">Intuitive Machines<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"css-ca0vdo\"><\/div><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">The Athena lander entered orbit around the moon on Monday. It has since been circling the moon at an altitude of 62 miles.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">While the spacecraft is over the far side of the moon, its main engine will fire briefly, causing it to start descending to the moon\u2019s surface. From that point on, Athena will be on its own, relying on its own software to guide it safely to the ground. At Intuitive Machines in Houston, mission controllers will only be able to watch what happens.<\/p><div class=\"css-1dv1kvn\"><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">The lander will coast on this elliptical orbit, heading toward a low point of 6.2 miles above the surface, for about one hour.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">Then the engine will start firing again for the final approach.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">The spacecraft will use cameras to identify craters and other landmarks on the lunar terrain, information it will use to determine its location. Lasers aboard Athena will bounce off the surface to tell the craft how high up it is.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">As it approaches the landing site, Athena will pivot to a vertical position, using sensors to look for a safe place to land \u2014 a flat area without boulders or other hazards.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">At an altitude of about 18 miles above the landing site, Athena will descend vertically at about seven miles per hour. About 30 feet above the surface, it will slow even more, to a bit more than two miles per hour.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">For the final part of the descent, the spacecraft will rely on sensors measuring its acceleration, and not on the lasers or the cameras, so it will not be confused by dust kicked up by the engine\u2019s exhaust.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">Those sensors should record a gentle bump when Athena lands.<\/p><\/div><button class=\"css-182hr0m\" data-testid=\"Show-More\" type=\"button\" aria-hidden=\"true\">Show more<\/button><\/div><\/div><div role=\"article\" class=\"\" aria-posinset=\"8\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" aria-live=\"off\" aria-labelledby=\"post-title-ad1\"><div class=\"css-1m8cdc0\" id=\"ad-1\" data-testid=\"FeedItem\"><div class=\"css-aljv3\" data-testid=\"StandardAd\"><p class=\"css-le4k3i\">Advertisement<\/p><a href=\"#after-dfp-ad-mid2\" class=\"css-777zgl\">SKIP ADVERTISEMENT<\/a><div class=\"ad dfp-ad-mid2-wrapper css-rfqw0c\" id=\"dfp-ad-mid2\"><\/div><div id=\"after-dfp-ad-mid2\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div role=\"article\" class=\"\" aria-posinset=\"7\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" aria-live=\"off\" aria-labelledby=\"post-title-QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzk1MmU1ZjI3LTY5Y2QtNTExMy04ZThjLTcxNGU4M2Q5MTU1NA==\"><div data-testid=\"live-blog-post\" class=\"live-blog-post css-3msjoc\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing#a-drill-is-the-athena-landers-key-cargo\" data-source-id=\"100000010031618\"><div class=\"css-608m5d\" id=\"a-drill-is-the-athena-landers-key-cargo\"><\/div><div class=\"live-blog-meta css-1g3itdy\"><div class=\"css-yf9s2t\" data-testid=\"live-blog-byline\"><a class=\"css-13xl2ke\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\"><img alt=\"Kenneth Chang\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbLarge-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbStandard-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 75w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbLarge-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 150w\" sizes=\"40px\" height=\"40\" width=\"40\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/a><div class=\"css-1ppjtba\"><span class=\"css-xtl8uk\"><time class=\"css-iqvqz5\" dateTime=\"2025-03-06T16:15:03.870Z\"><div class=\"css-ki347z\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-time=\"abs\" class=\"css-1656jku\">March 6, 2025, 11:15 a.m. ET<\/span><span data-time=\"rel\" class=\"css-xwx5dt\"><\/span><\/div><\/time><\/span><div><p class=\"css-14uetg2 e1jsehar1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\" class=\"last-byline css-ojhyzr e1jsehar0\" itemProp=\"name\">Kenneth Chang<\/a><\/p><span data-testid=\"lb-byline-tagline\" class=\"css-bslbhu\">Reporting on missions to the moon and beyond.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"css-1i27l4i\"><button aria-label=\"Copy a shareable link to your clipboard\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\/a-drill-is-the-athena-landers-key-cargo\" class=\"css-19moa8e\" type=\"button\" id=\"share-link-https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\/a-drill-is-the-athena-landers-key-cargo\" data-testid=\"copy-link\"><svg class=\"css-1wydbmw\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M10.59,13.41C11,13.8 11,14.44 10.59,14.83C10.2,15.22 9.56,15.22 9.17,14.83C7.22,12.88 7.22,9.71 9.17,7.76V7.76L12.71,4.22C14.66,2.27 17.83,2.27 19.78,4.22C21.73,6.17 21.73,9.34 19.78,11.29L18.29,12.78C18.3,11.96 18.17,11.14 17.89,10.36L18.36,9.88C19.54,8.71 19.54,6.81 18.36,5.64C17.19,4.46 15.29,4.46 14.12,5.64L10.59,9.17C9.41,10.34 9.41,12.24 10.59,13.41M13.41,9.17C13.8,8.78 14.44,8.78 14.83,9.17C16.78,11.12 16.78,14.29 14.83,16.24V16.24L11.29,19.78C9.34,21.73 6.17,21.73 4.22,19.78C2.27,17.83 2.27,14.66 4.22,12.71L5.71,11.22C5.7,12.04 5.83,12.86 6.11,13.65L5.64,14.12C4.46,15.29 4.46,17.19 5.64,18.36C6.81,19.54 8.71,19.54 9.88,18.36L13.41,14.83C14.59,13.66 14.59,11.76 13.41,10.59C13,10.2 13,9.56 13.41,9.17Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"live-blog-post-headline css-j3uhc5\"><h2 id=\"post-title-QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzk1MmU1ZjI3LTY5Y2QtNTExMy04ZThjLTcxNGU4M2Q5MTU1NA==\" class=\"css-15ah5p9 eoo0vm40\"><a class=\"css-etxl5s\" href=\"#a-drill-is-the-athena-landers-key-cargo\">A drill is the Athena lander\u2019s key cargo.<\/a><\/h2><\/div><div data-testid=\"imageblock-wrapper\"><figure class=\"img-sz-large css-hxpw2c e1g7ppur0\" aria-label=\"media\" role=\"group\"><div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children-figure\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Image<\/span><div class=\"css-nwd8t8\" data-testid=\"lazy-image\"><div data-testid=\"lazyimage-container\" style=\"height:257.77777777777777px\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption data-testid=\"photoviewer-children-caption\" class=\"css-1g9ic6e ewdxa0s0\"><span class=\"css-jevhma e13ogyst0\">A team of engineers from NASA\u2019s Johnson Space Center in Houston and Honeybee Robotics in Altadena, California inspecting the TRIDENT drill shortly after its arrival at the integration and test facility.<\/span><span class=\"css-14fe1uy e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit...<\/span><span><span aria-hidden=\"false\">Robert Markowitz\/NASA<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"css-ca0vdo\"><\/div><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">Much of the moon\u2019s frozen water is likely below the surface, out of view of orbiting spacecraft.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">A drill on Athena will give scientists a first look at that water. The mission is named Polar Resources Ice Mining Experiment 1, or PRIME-1. The drill is named The Regolith and Ice Drill for Exploring New Terrain, or TRIDENT.<\/p><div class=\"css-1dv1kvn\"><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">Near the south pole where temperatures are very cold, volatiles \u2014 chemical substances that easily change into a gas \u2014 are likely to be trapped in the soil.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">The volatiles would give clues about the origin of the solar system, and they could also provide key resources for future astronauts, including water to drink, air to breathe and rocket fuel.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">\u201cIt\u2019s going to be important to understand, on the surface of the moon and beneath the surface, where these volatiles are, exactly what they are,\u201d Joel Kearns, the deputy associate administrator for exploration in NASA\u2019s science mission directorate, said during a news conference in February.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">The drill was built by Honeybee Robotics of Altadena, Calif. It can drill to a depth of one meter.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">When penetrating through loose soil, the drill bit turns like a normal drill. But the drill also has a mode that behaves more like a jackhammer \u201cthat we can turn on whenever we hit rocks or we hit ice,\u201d Kris Zacny, vice president for exploration systems at Honeybee, said in an interview. \u201cFrozen ground is as hard as pavement and even harder.\u201d<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">The drill cuttings will be lifted out from the drill hole about four inches at a time and dumped on the lunar surface. The volatiles lurking in those cuttings, including water and carbon dioxide, will turn into gases and be detected by a mass spectrometer. <\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">The drill also has two temperature sensors. One is the located right at the drill bit. The second, along with a heater, is eight inches above the drill bit. The heater also serves as a science experiment, allowing measurements of the flow of heat between the two sensors, which could reveal how much frozen water is in the lunar dirt.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">If the soil is a good thermal conductor, heat from the heater would not change the temperature much. That is what would be expected if there is ice in the soil \u2014 what planetary scientists call regolith.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">\u201cBut if the lunar regolith is a very good insulator and we turn the heater on, the temperature is going to go up very, very quickly because there is nowhere for heat to go,\u201d Dr. Zacny said.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">The thermal conductivity will be low if the regolith is dry.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">The amount of power needed to push the drill downward will also reveal something about the material, whether it is loosely compacted soil or something hard like rock or ice.<\/p><\/div><button class=\"css-182hr0m\" data-testid=\"Show-More\" type=\"button\" aria-hidden=\"true\">Show more<\/button><\/div><\/div><div role=\"article\" class=\"\" aria-posinset=\"6\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" aria-live=\"off\" aria-labelledby=\"post-title-UmVwb3J0ZXJVcGRhdGU6bnl0Oi8vcmVwb3J0ZXJ1cGRhdGUvM2E3NzEwZjItZjVmMC01YjA3LThmODItY2JlNjA0OTMxZjMz\"><div id=\"3a7710f2-f5f0-5b07-8f82-cbe604931f33\" data-testid=\"reporter-update\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing#3a7710f2-f5f0-5b07-8f82-cbe604931f33\" class=\"live-blog-reporter-update live-blog-reporter-update css-e7mcev regular-update\"><div class=\"css-1ld2k5j\"><div class=\"css-yf9s2t\" data-testid=\"live-blog-byline\"><a class=\"css-13xl2ke\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/michael-roston\"><img alt=\"Michael Roston\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/09\/25\/multimedia\/author-michael-roston\/author-michael-roston-thumbLarge-v2.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/09\/25\/multimedia\/author-michael-roston\/author-michael-roston-thumbStandard-v5.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 75w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/09\/25\/multimedia\/author-michael-roston\/author-michael-roston-thumbLarge-v2.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 150w\" sizes=\"40px\" height=\"40\" width=\"40\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/a><div class=\"css-1ppjtba\"><span class=\"css-xtl8uk\"><time class=\"css-iqvqz5\" dateTime=\"2025-03-06T16:02:24.000Z\"><div class=\"css-ki347z\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-time=\"abs\" class=\"css-1656jku\">March 6, 2025, 11:02 a.m. ET<\/span><span data-time=\"rel\" class=\"css-xwx5dt\"><\/span><\/div><\/time><\/span><div><p class=\"css-14uetg2 e1jsehar1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/michael-roston\" class=\"last-byline css-ojhyzr e1jsehar0\" itemProp=\"name\">Michael Roston<\/a><\/p><span data-testid=\"lb-byline-tagline\" class=\"css-bslbhu\">Editing spaceflight news.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><button aria-label=\"Copy a shareable link to your clipboard\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/04\/science\/moon-landing\/3a7710f2-f5f0-5b07-8f82-cbe604931f33\" class=\"css-19moa8e\" type=\"button\" id=\"share-link-https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/04\/science\/moon-landing\/3a7710f2-f5f0-5b07-8f82-cbe604931f33\" data-testid=\"copy-link\"><svg class=\"css-1wydbmw\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M10.59,13.41C11,13.8 11,14.44 10.59,14.83C10.2,15.22 9.56,15.22 9.17,14.83C7.22,12.88 7.22,9.71 9.17,7.76V7.76L12.71,4.22C14.66,2.27 17.83,2.27 19.78,4.22C21.73,6.17 21.73,9.34 19.78,11.29L18.29,12.78C18.3,11.96 18.17,11.14 17.89,10.36L18.36,9.88C19.54,8.71 19.54,6.81 18.36,5.64C17.19,4.46 15.29,4.46 14.12,5.64L10.59,9.17C9.41,10.34 9.41,12.24 10.59,13.41M13.41,9.17C13.8,8.78 14.44,8.78 14.83,9.17C16.78,11.12 16.78,14.29 14.83,16.24V16.24L11.29,19.78C9.34,21.73 6.17,21.73 4.22,19.78C2.27,17.83 2.27,14.66 4.22,12.71L5.71,11.22C5.7,12.04 5.83,12.86 6.11,13.65L5.64,14.12C4.46,15.29 4.46,17.19 5.64,18.36C6.81,19.54 8.71,19.54 9.88,18.36L13.41,14.83C14.59,13.66 14.59,11.76 13.41,10.59C13,10.2 13,9.56 13.41,9.17Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"css-daiqw4 evys1bk0\">The moon landing isn\u2019t the day\u2019s only space news. At 11:24 a.m. Eastern time, the company Arianespace will launch its newest rocket, Ariane 6, on its second flight, from a launch site in French Guiana in South America. It\u2019s carrying a French military satellite to orbit. The rocket\u2019s first flight in 2024 was <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/07\/09\/science\/europe-ariane-6-rocket-launch.html\" title=\"\">a partial success<\/a>. More about how to <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.arianespace.com\/road-to-space\/\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">watch that launch here<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div role=\"article\" class=\"\" aria-posinset=\"5\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" aria-live=\"off\" aria-labelledby=\"post-title-QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzdhMjE3N2ZmLTA0MjYtNWNjMy05YmU4LTQ0NmJkOGZkMTFlYw==\"><div data-testid=\"live-blog-post\" class=\"live-blog-post css-3msjoc\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing#where-athena-is-landing\" data-source-id=\"100000010031668\"><div class=\"css-608m5d\" id=\"where-athena-is-landing\"><\/div><div class=\"live-blog-meta css-1g3itdy\"><div class=\"css-yf9s2t\" data-testid=\"live-blog-byline\"><a class=\"css-13xl2ke\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\"><img alt=\"Kenneth Chang\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbLarge-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbStandard-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 75w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbLarge-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 150w\" sizes=\"40px\" height=\"40\" width=\"40\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/a><div class=\"css-1ppjtba\"><span class=\"css-xtl8uk\"><time class=\"css-iqvqz5\" dateTime=\"2025-03-06T15:45:03.457Z\"><div class=\"css-ki347z\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-time=\"abs\" class=\"css-1656jku\">March 6, 2025, 10:45 a.m. ET<\/span><span data-time=\"rel\" class=\"css-xwx5dt\"><\/span><\/div><\/time><\/span><div><p class=\"css-14uetg2 e1jsehar1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\" class=\"last-byline css-ojhyzr e1jsehar0\" itemProp=\"name\">Kenneth Chang<\/a><\/p><span data-testid=\"lb-byline-tagline\" class=\"css-bslbhu\">Reporting on missions to the moon and beyond.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"css-1i27l4i\"><button aria-label=\"Copy a shareable link to your clipboard\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\/where-athena-is-landing\" class=\"css-19moa8e\" type=\"button\" id=\"share-link-https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\/where-athena-is-landing\" data-testid=\"copy-link\"><svg class=\"css-1wydbmw\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M10.59,13.41C11,13.8 11,14.44 10.59,14.83C10.2,15.22 9.56,15.22 9.17,14.83C7.22,12.88 7.22,9.71 9.17,7.76V7.76L12.71,4.22C14.66,2.27 17.83,2.27 19.78,4.22C21.73,6.17 21.73,9.34 19.78,11.29L18.29,12.78C18.3,11.96 18.17,11.14 17.89,10.36L18.36,9.88C19.54,8.71 19.54,6.81 18.36,5.64C17.19,4.46 15.29,4.46 14.12,5.64L10.59,9.17C9.41,10.34 9.41,12.24 10.59,13.41M13.41,9.17C13.8,8.78 14.44,8.78 14.83,9.17C16.78,11.12 16.78,14.29 14.83,16.24V16.24L11.29,19.78C9.34,21.73 6.17,21.73 4.22,19.78C2.27,17.83 2.27,14.66 4.22,12.71L5.71,11.22C5.7,12.04 5.83,12.86 6.11,13.65L5.64,14.12C4.46,15.29 4.46,17.19 5.64,18.36C6.81,19.54 8.71,19.54 9.88,18.36L13.41,14.83C14.59,13.66 14.59,11.76 13.41,10.59C13,10.2 13,9.56 13.41,9.17Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"live-blog-post-headline css-j3uhc5\"><h2 id=\"post-title-QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzdhMjE3N2ZmLTA0MjYtNWNjMy05YmU4LTQ0NmJkOGZkMTFlYw==\" class=\"css-15ah5p9 eoo0vm40\"><a class=\"css-etxl5s\" href=\"#where-athena-is-landing\">Where Athena is landing.<\/a><\/h2><\/div><div class=\"css-1jjjg2j e16pjgrl0\"><figure class=\"sizeLarge css-sx232s\" aria-label=\"media\" role=\"group\" data-testid=\"VideoBlock\"><div class=\"css-1xb94ky\"><span class=\"css-1dv1kvn\">Video<\/span><div class=\"css-11kuxu4\" style=\"width:100%;padding-bottom:56.25%;overflow:hidden\"><div class=\"css-122y91a\"><img src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/05\/06athena-moon-landing-south-pole-24791-cover\/06athena-moon-landing-south-pole-24791-cover-videoSixteenByNine1050.jpg\" class=\"css-gvnats\" data-testid=\"cinemagraph_image\"\/><video data-testid=\"cinemagraph\" poster=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/05\/06athena-moon-landing-south-pole-24791-cover\/06athena-moon-landing-south-pole-24791-cover-videoSixteenByNine1050.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/vp.nyt.com\/video\/2025\/03\/05\/135264_1_06athena-moon-landing-south-pole-24791_wg_720p.mp4\" class=\"cinemagraph_video css-gvnats\" muted=\"\" loop=\"\" autoplay=\"\" playsinline=\"\"><\/video><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption class=\"css-ktho12 e3rygrp0\"><span class=\"css-jevhma e13ogyst0\" data-testid=\"video-summary\">A view of the moon from Earth, zooming up to Mons Mouton, which is visible in amateur telescopes.<\/span><span class=\"css-cch8ym\"><span class=\"css-1dv1kvn\">Credit<\/span><span class=\"css-14fe1uy e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit...<\/span><span>NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"css-ca0vdo\"><\/div><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">Athena is aiming to set down on Mons Mouton, a flat-topped mountain about 100 miles from the moon\u2019s south pole. That will be closer to the moon\u2019s south pole than any previous spacecraft has landed.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">The mountain is about 60 miles wide \u2014 about the size of Delaware \u2014 and rises about 20,000 feet above the surrounding terrain. That is as tall as <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/01\/29\/science\/trump-science-advisor-michael-kratsios.html\" title=\"\">Mount McKinley, the Alaska mountain also known as Denali<\/a>. It is one of the regions under consideration for where NASA astronauts are to land on the moon during the Artemis III mission.<\/p><div class=\"css-1dv1kvn\"><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\"><a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.iau.org\/news\/pressreleases\/detail\/iau2301\/\" title=\"\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Mons Mouton was officially named<\/a> in 2022 after Melba Mouton, an African American woman who worked as a mathematician at NASA, one of the <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/12\/26\/books\/review\/glass-universe-dava-sobel-hidden-figures-margot-lee-shetterly.html\" title=\"\">\u201chuman computers\u201d<\/a> who calculated spacecraft trajectories before the advent of computers. When NASA started using computers, she became a programmer.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">Mons Mouton was not the originally planned landing site for Athena. In November 2021, NASA announced that the spacecraft was heading for a ridge near the 13-mile-wide Shackleton Crater. \u201cWhich was incredibly exciting for me, personally,\u201d said Mark Robinson, a planetary geologist working for Intuitive Machines.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">That was not just because of the geology, \u201cbut also from \u2014 I\u2019m not sure I should say this or not \u2014 the magnificent scenery,\u201d Dr. Robinson said. \u201cIt\u2019s a really awesome spot.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">But a delay pushed the launch from early January to late February. And now in March, the shifting direction of long shadows in the polar regions makes the Shackleton crater area \u201clighting challenged,\u201d because the approach would be in shadows, Dr. Robinson said.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">A different NASA mission \u2014 the Volatiles Investigating Polar Explore Rover, or VIPER \u2014 was supposed to land on Mons Mouton. But citing cost overruns, NASA said last year that it <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/07\/17\/science\/nasa-viper-moon-rover-canceled.html\" title=\"\">would cancel that mission<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">NASA has since solicited proposals from companies to land and operate VIPER, but for now, the rover\u2019s fate remains in limbo.<\/p><\/div><button class=\"css-182hr0m\" data-testid=\"Show-More\" type=\"button\" aria-hidden=\"true\">Show more<\/button><\/div><\/div><div role=\"article\" class=\"\" aria-posinset=\"4\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" aria-live=\"off\" aria-labelledby=\"post-title-ad2\"><div class=\"css-1m8cdc0\" id=\"ad-2\" data-testid=\"FeedItem\"><div class=\"css-aljv3\" data-testid=\"StandardAd\"><p class=\"css-le4k3i\">Advertisement<\/p><a href=\"#after-dfp-ad-mid3\" class=\"css-777zgl\">SKIP ADVERTISEMENT<\/a><div class=\"ad dfp-ad-mid3-wrapper css-rfqw0c\" id=\"dfp-ad-mid3\"><\/div><div id=\"after-dfp-ad-mid3\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div role=\"article\" class=\"\" aria-posinset=\"3\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" aria-live=\"off\" aria-labelledby=\"post-title-QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzk4NDZhMmJhLWRmZWEtNTc5Yi04ZjZjLTZlNmZkOGE5ZWQ1Mw==\"><div data-testid=\"live-blog-post\" class=\"live-blog-post css-3msjoc\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing#deja-moon-another-spacecraft-just-landed-on-the-moon-on-sunday\" data-source-id=\"100000010031625\"><div class=\"css-608m5d\" id=\"deja-moon-another-spacecraft-just-landed-on-the-moon-on-sunday\"><\/div><div class=\"live-blog-meta css-1g3itdy\"><div class=\"css-yf9s2t\" data-testid=\"live-blog-byline\"><a class=\"css-13xl2ke\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\"><img alt=\"Kenneth Chang\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbLarge-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbStandard-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 75w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbLarge-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 150w\" sizes=\"40px\" height=\"40\" width=\"40\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/a><div class=\"css-1ppjtba\"><span class=\"css-xtl8uk\"><time class=\"css-iqvqz5\" dateTime=\"2025-03-06T15:15:04.393Z\"><div class=\"css-ki347z\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-time=\"abs\" class=\"css-1656jku\">March 6, 2025, 10:15 a.m. ET<\/span><span data-time=\"rel\" class=\"css-xwx5dt\"><\/span><\/div><\/time><\/span><div><p class=\"css-14uetg2 e1jsehar1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\" class=\"last-byline css-ojhyzr e1jsehar0\" itemProp=\"name\">Kenneth Chang<\/a><\/p><span data-testid=\"lb-byline-tagline\" class=\"css-bslbhu\">Reporting on missions to the moon and beyond.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"css-1i27l4i\"><button aria-label=\"Copy a shareable link to your clipboard\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\/deja-moon-another-spacecraft-just-landed-on-the-moon-on-sunday\" class=\"css-19moa8e\" type=\"button\" id=\"share-link-https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\/deja-moon-another-spacecraft-just-landed-on-the-moon-on-sunday\" data-testid=\"copy-link\"><svg class=\"css-1wydbmw\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M10.59,13.41C11,13.8 11,14.44 10.59,14.83C10.2,15.22 9.56,15.22 9.17,14.83C7.22,12.88 7.22,9.71 9.17,7.76V7.76L12.71,4.22C14.66,2.27 17.83,2.27 19.78,4.22C21.73,6.17 21.73,9.34 19.78,11.29L18.29,12.78C18.3,11.96 18.17,11.14 17.89,10.36L18.36,9.88C19.54,8.71 19.54,6.81 18.36,5.64C17.19,4.46 15.29,4.46 14.12,5.64L10.59,9.17C9.41,10.34 9.41,12.24 10.59,13.41M13.41,9.17C13.8,8.78 14.44,8.78 14.83,9.17C16.78,11.12 16.78,14.29 14.83,16.24V16.24L11.29,19.78C9.34,21.73 6.17,21.73 4.22,19.78C2.27,17.83 2.27,14.66 4.22,12.71L5.71,11.22C5.7,12.04 5.83,12.86 6.11,13.65L5.64,14.12C4.46,15.29 4.46,17.19 5.64,18.36C6.81,19.54 8.71,19.54 9.88,18.36L13.41,14.83C14.59,13.66 14.59,11.76 13.41,10.59C13,10.2 13,9.56 13.41,9.17Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"live-blog-post-headline css-j3uhc5\"><h2 id=\"post-title-QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlLzk4NDZhMmJhLWRmZWEtNTc5Yi04ZjZjLTZlNmZkOGE5ZWQ1Mw==\" class=\"css-15ah5p9 eoo0vm40\"><a class=\"css-etxl5s\" href=\"#deja-moon-another-spacecraft-just-landed-on-the-moon-on-sunday\">D\u00e9j\u00e0 moon? Another spacecraft just landed on the moon on Sunday.<\/a><\/h2><\/div><div data-testid=\"imageblock-wrapper\"><figure class=\"img-sz-large css-hxpw2c e1g7ppur0\" aria-label=\"media\" role=\"group\"><div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children-figure\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Image<\/span><div class=\"css-nwd8t8\" data-testid=\"lazy-image\"><div data-testid=\"lazyimage-container\" style=\"height:257.77777777777777px\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption data-testid=\"photoviewer-children-caption\" class=\"css-1g9ic6e ewdxa0s0\"><span class=\"css-jevhma e13ogyst0\">Firefly Aerospace\u2019s Blue Ghost spacecraft casting a shadow on the moon\u2019s surface after landing on March 2.<\/span><span class=\"css-14fe1uy e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit...<\/span><span><span aria-hidden=\"false\">Firefly Aerospace, via Reuters<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"css-ca0vdo\"><\/div><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">The Blue Ghost lander from Firefly Aerospace of Cedar Park, Texas, appeared to function nearly flawlessly, from <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/01\/14\/science\/nasa-spacex-launch-lunar-landers.html\" title=\"\">launch in January<\/a> to <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2025\/03\/01\/science\/blue-ghost-firefly-mission-1-moon-landing.html\" title=\"\">landing on the moon early on Sunda<\/a>y.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">That was a welcome contrast to the mixed results of the first two missions in NASA\u2019s Commercial Lunar Payload Services Program, or CLPS.<\/p><div class=\"css-1dv1kvn\"><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">The first, by Astrobotic Technology of Pittsburgh, was a failure, never getting close to the moon after the Peregrine spacecraft experienced a catastrophic failure in its propulsion system. The second, Intuitive Machines\u2019s Odysseus lander, had to overcome technical glitches along the way including a nonfunctioning altimeter. It landed in working condition in February last year, but tipped over.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">Since its landing, the Blue Ghost spacecraft has been sending back pictures and data from the NASA experiments it took to the moon. During landing, the lander also captured images of the plume of dust kicked up by the engine exhaust.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">The spacecraft has deployed PlanetVac, a system for collecting samples of lunar soil, and the Electrodynamic Dust Shield, using electric fields to clean off lunar dust.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">Blue Ghost has another 10 days left in its mission before lunar night descends and the solar-powered spacecraft runs out of energy.<\/p><\/div><button class=\"css-182hr0m\" data-testid=\"Show-More\" type=\"button\" aria-hidden=\"true\">Show more<\/button><\/div><\/div><div role=\"article\" class=\"\" aria-posinset=\"2\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" aria-live=\"off\" aria-labelledby=\"post-title-UmVwb3J0ZXJVcGRhdGU6bnl0Oi8vcmVwb3J0ZXJ1cGRhdGUvN2U4MTYzZWQtMmZmMi01NmUyLWE4OWUtMGExNzVkOTQyZmVh\"><div id=\"7e8163ed-2ff2-56e2-a89e-0a175d942fea\" data-testid=\"reporter-update\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing#7e8163ed-2ff2-56e2-a89e-0a175d942fea\" class=\"live-blog-reporter-update live-blog-reporter-update css-e7mcev regular-update\"><div class=\"css-1ld2k5j\"><div class=\"css-yf9s2t\" data-testid=\"live-blog-byline\"><a class=\"css-13xl2ke\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\"><img alt=\"Kenneth Chang\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbLarge-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbStandard-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 75w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbLarge-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 150w\" sizes=\"40px\" height=\"40\" width=\"40\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/a><div class=\"css-1ppjtba\"><span class=\"css-xtl8uk\"><time class=\"css-iqvqz5\" dateTime=\"2025-03-06T14:52:19.000Z\"><div class=\"css-ki347z\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-time=\"abs\" class=\"css-1656jku\">March 6, 2025, 9:52 a.m. ET<\/span><span data-time=\"rel\" class=\"css-xwx5dt\"><\/span><\/div><\/time><\/span><div><p class=\"css-14uetg2 e1jsehar1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\" class=\"last-byline css-ojhyzr e1jsehar0\" itemProp=\"name\">Kenneth Chang<\/a><\/p><span data-testid=\"lb-byline-tagline\" class=\"css-bslbhu\">Reporting on missions to the moon and beyond.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><button aria-label=\"Copy a shareable link to your clipboard\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/04\/science\/moon-landing\/7e8163ed-2ff2-56e2-a89e-0a175d942fea\" class=\"css-19moa8e\" type=\"button\" id=\"share-link-https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/04\/science\/moon-landing\/7e8163ed-2ff2-56e2-a89e-0a175d942fea\" data-testid=\"copy-link\"><svg class=\"css-1wydbmw\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M10.59,13.41C11,13.8 11,14.44 10.59,14.83C10.2,15.22 9.56,15.22 9.17,14.83C7.22,12.88 7.22,9.71 9.17,7.76V7.76L12.71,4.22C14.66,2.27 17.83,2.27 19.78,4.22C21.73,6.17 21.73,9.34 19.78,11.29L18.29,12.78C18.3,11.96 18.17,11.14 17.89,10.36L18.36,9.88C19.54,8.71 19.54,6.81 18.36,5.64C17.19,4.46 15.29,4.46 14.12,5.64L10.59,9.17C9.41,10.34 9.41,12.24 10.59,13.41M13.41,9.17C13.8,8.78 14.44,8.78 14.83,9.17C16.78,11.12 16.78,14.29 14.83,16.24V16.24L11.29,19.78C9.34,21.73 6.17,21.73 4.22,19.78C2.27,17.83 2.27,14.66 4.22,12.71L5.71,11.22C5.7,12.04 5.83,12.86 6.11,13.65L5.64,14.12C4.46,15.29 4.46,17.19 5.64,18.36C6.81,19.54 8.71,19.54 9.88,18.36L13.41,14.83C14.59,13.66 14.59,11.76 13.41,10.59C13,10.2 13,9.56 13.41,9.17Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><p class=\"css-daiqw4 evys1bk0\">On the social media site X, Intuitive Machines reported that at 5:33 a.m. Eastern time, its Athena spacecraft completed a \u201cdescent orbit insertion\u201d \u2014 an engine firing that sent the spacecraft flying much closer to the moon\u2019s surface. The company said it was still aiming for landing at about 12:30 p.m.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div role=\"article\" class=\"\" aria-posinset=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" aria-live=\"off\" aria-labelledby=\"post-title-QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2IwYTE3NWNhLTZhNGMtNTE0My04NGQ2LWRjODY4NDM2NDU2Ng==\"><div data-testid=\"live-blog-post\" class=\"live-blog-post css-3msjoc\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing#intuitive-machines-landed-on-the-moon-and-then-tipped-over\" data-source-id=\"100000010031609\"><div class=\"css-608m5d\" id=\"intuitive-machines-landed-on-the-moon-and-then-tipped-over\"><\/div><div class=\"live-blog-meta css-1g3itdy\"><div class=\"css-yf9s2t\" data-testid=\"live-blog-byline\"><a class=\"css-13xl2ke\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\"><img alt=\"Kenneth Chang\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbLarge-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbStandard-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 75w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2018\/02\/16\/multimedia\/author-kenneth-chang\/author-kenneth-chang-thumbLarge-v3.png?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 150w\" sizes=\"40px\" height=\"40\" width=\"40\" loading=\"lazy\"\/><\/a><div class=\"css-1ppjtba\"><span class=\"css-xtl8uk\"><time class=\"css-iqvqz5\" dateTime=\"2025-03-06T14:45:03.765Z\"><div class=\"css-ki347z\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" data-time=\"abs\" class=\"css-1656jku\">March 6, 2025, 9:45 a.m. ET<\/span><span data-time=\"rel\" class=\"css-xwx5dt\"><\/span><\/div><\/time><\/span><div><p class=\"css-14uetg2 e1jsehar1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/kenneth-chang\" class=\"last-byline css-ojhyzr e1jsehar0\" itemProp=\"name\">Kenneth Chang<\/a><\/p><span data-testid=\"lb-byline-tagline\" class=\"css-bslbhu\">Reporting on missions to the moon and beyond.<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"css-1i27l4i\"><button aria-label=\"Copy a shareable link to your clipboard\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\/intuitive-machines-landed-on-the-moon-and-then-tipped-over\" class=\"css-19moa8e\" type=\"button\" id=\"share-link-https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/live\/2025\/03\/06\/science\/moon-landing\/intuitive-machines-landed-on-the-moon-and-then-tipped-over\" data-testid=\"copy-link\"><svg class=\"css-1wydbmw\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M10.59,13.41C11,13.8 11,14.44 10.59,14.83C10.2,15.22 9.56,15.22 9.17,14.83C7.22,12.88 7.22,9.71 9.17,7.76V7.76L12.71,4.22C14.66,2.27 17.83,2.27 19.78,4.22C21.73,6.17 21.73,9.34 19.78,11.29L18.29,12.78C18.3,11.96 18.17,11.14 17.89,10.36L18.36,9.88C19.54,8.71 19.54,6.81 18.36,5.64C17.19,4.46 15.29,4.46 14.12,5.64L10.59,9.17C9.41,10.34 9.41,12.24 10.59,13.41M13.41,9.17C13.8,8.78 14.44,8.78 14.83,9.17C16.78,11.12 16.78,14.29 14.83,16.24V16.24L11.29,19.78C9.34,21.73 6.17,21.73 4.22,19.78C2.27,17.83 2.27,14.66 4.22,12.71L5.71,11.22C5.7,12.04 5.83,12.86 6.11,13.65L5.64,14.12C4.46,15.29 4.46,17.19 5.64,18.36C6.81,19.54 8.71,19.54 9.88,18.36L13.41,14.83C14.59,13.66 14.59,11.76 13.41,10.59C13,10.2 13,9.56 13.41,9.17Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/div><div class=\"live-blog-post-headline css-j3uhc5\"><h2 id=\"post-title-QXJ0aWNsZTpueXQ6Ly9hcnRpY2xlL2IwYTE3NWNhLTZhNGMtNTE0My04NGQ2LWRjODY4NDM2NDU2Ng==\" class=\"css-15ah5p9 eoo0vm40\"><a class=\"css-etxl5s\" href=\"#intuitive-machines-landed-on-the-moon-and-then-tipped-over\">Intuitive Machines landed on the moon and then tipped over.<\/a><\/h2><\/div><div data-testid=\"imageblock-wrapper\"><figure class=\"img-sz-large css-azjh2q e1g7ppur0\" aria-label=\"media\" role=\"group\"><div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children-figure\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Image<\/span><div class=\"css-nwd8t8\" data-testid=\"lazy-image\"><div data-testid=\"lazyimage-container\" style=\"height:515.5555555555555px\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption data-testid=\"photoviewer-children-caption\" class=\"css-1g9ic6e ewdxa0s0\"><span class=\"css-jevhma e13ogyst0\">Odysseus captured this image about 35 seconds after pitching over during its approach to the landing site last year.<\/span><span class=\"css-14fe1uy e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit...<\/span><span><span aria-hidden=\"false\">Intuitive Machines<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><div class=\"css-ca0vdo\"><\/div><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">Odysseus, Intuitive Machines\u2019 first lander, <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/02\/22\/science\/intuitive-machines-lander-history.html\" title=\"\">landed on the moon in February 2024<\/a>. But not perfectly.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">The spacecraft was almost doomed before it even left Earth. Safety switches on laser instruments to measure the spacecraft\u2019s altitude were still enabled, making them unusable. Mission controllers did not realize that error until Odysseus was in orbit around the moon, 200,000 miles away, and there was no way to fix the problem.<\/p><div class=\"css-1dv1kvn\"><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">Odysseus was also carrying an experimental instrument called the Navigation Doppler Lidar, which NASA wanted to test \u2014 essentially a more sophisticated instrument with three laser beams that measure not just altitude but the velocity of the spacecraft during its descent.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">Engineers at Intuitive Machines hurriedly patched Odysseus\u2019 software to substitute the NASA instrument. They got that done in time \u2014 except they forgot to update one parameter in the computer code, and the navigation software ignored the altitude data.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">Amazingly, Odysseus was still able to land using just estimates of the altitude, but the estimates were not perfect.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">When it touched the ground, the lander was descending faster than expected and still moving sideways at two miles per hour, when the motion should have been perfectly vertical. As a result, <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/03\/04\/science\/moon-landing-sideways-gravity.html\" title=\"\">the spacecraft toppled<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">Odysseus continued to operate and was able to communicate with mission control at Intuitive Machines. That meant it was counted as a successful landing. But in the toppled orientation, Odysseus was not able to conduct much of the scientific work it had been sent to do.<\/p><p class=\"live-blog-post-content css-h61jh5 evys1bk0\">By coincidence, <a class=\"css-yywogo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/01\/25\/science\/japan-moon-lander-slim.html\" title=\"\">a lunar lander sent by JAXA<\/a>, the Japanese space agency, had also tipped over a month earlier. In that case, a nozzle on one of the lander\u2019s main engines fell off, and the spacecraft was not able to fully compensate.<\/p><\/div><button class=\"css-182hr0m\" data-testid=\"Show-More\" type=\"button\" aria-hidden=\"true\">Show more<\/button><\/div><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/article><div class=\"css-b9twaf e9ne27s0\">See more on: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/topic\/organization\/national-aeronautics-and-space-administration\">National Aeronautics and Space Administration<\/a><\/div><div class=\"css-1i8duwm\"><div role=\"toolbar\" data-testid=\"share-tools\" aria-label=\"Social Media Share buttons, Save button, and Comments Panel with current comment count\" class=\"css-yomkvi\"><div><\/div><div data-testid=\"share-tools-menu\" class=\"css-1wl88o2\"><ul data-testid=\"share-tools-list\" class=\"css-1atjma0\"><li class=\"css-atthsv\"><div class=\"css-vxcmzt\"><div class=\"css-79elbk\"><button type=\"button\" aria-label=\"\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"css-1eeh360 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to know about the moon landing.\",\"formats\":[]}]},\"summary\":{\"__typename\":\"SummaryBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[]},\"ledeMedia\":null,\"byline\":{\"__typename\":\"BylineBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"hideHeadshots\":false,\"bylines\":[{\"__typename\":\"Byline\",\"prefix\":\"By\",\"creators\":[{\"__ref\":\"Person:UGVyc29uOm55dDovL3BlcnNvbi8wMzBhZWVlMC03NDg0LTUwZGItYjg4My1mZDY1MWU0Yjc3NjE=\"}],\"renderedRepresentation\":\"By Kenneth Chang\"}],\"role@filterEmpty\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"Reporting on missions to the moon and beyond\",\"formats\":[]}]},\"timestampBlock\":{\"__typename\":\"TimestampBlock\",\"timestamp\":\"2025-03-06T14:00:34.000Z\",\"align\":\"LEFT\",\"showUpdatedTimestamp\":null}},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"With NASA again picking up the bill, Intuitive Machines of Houston is going back to the moon.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"On Thursday, the company will attempt to land a 15-foot-tall robotic spacecraft, which it built, on the lunar surface. The spacecraft, named Athena, is almost identical to Odysseus, the lander that Intuitive Machines sent to the moon last year. Odysseus was the first commercially operated vehicle to successfully land on the moon, but that success came with an asterisk when the vehicle toppled shortly after reaching the ground.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"This time, the hope is that Athena will stay upright as it deploys payloads for NASA and commercial customers.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"Here\u2019s what else to know about Athena\u2019s moon landing attempt:\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ListBlock\",\"style\":\"UNORDERED\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"ListItemBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"Timing:\",\"formats\":[{\"__typename\":\"BoldFormat\",\"type\":null}]},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\" Athena\u2019s descent toward the lunar surface will soon begin, and plans call for it to set down around 12:30 p.m. Eastern time. NASA will begin streaming live coverage at 11:30 a.m. \",\"formats\":[]},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"on its website\",\"formats\":[{\"__typename\":\"LinkFormat\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fplus.nasa.gov\\u002Fscheduled-video\\u002Fintuitive-machines-2-lunar-landing\\u002F\",\"title\":\"\",\"uri\":null}]},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\", or you can watch it here.\",\"formats\":[]}]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ListItemBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"Destination:\",\"formats\":[{\"__typename\":\"BoldFormat\",\"type\":null}]},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\" The lander\u2019s destination is Mons Mouton, a flat-topped mountain about 100 miles from the moon\u2019s south pole. That will be closer to the moon\u2019s south pole than any previous spacecraft has landed.\",\"formats\":[]}]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ListItemBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"A busy week:\",\"formats\":[{\"__typename\":\"BoldFormat\",\"type\":null}]},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\" Intuitive Machines is the second company to attempt a moon landing this week. Firefly Aerospace, another Texas space company, \",\"formats\":[]},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"successfully reached the Mare Crisium region of the moon on Sunday morning\",\"formats\":[{\"__typename\":\"LinkFormat\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\\u002F2025\\u002F03\\u002F01\\u002Fscience\\u002Fblue-ghost-firefly-mission-1-moon-landing.html\",\"title\":\"\",\"uri\":null}]},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\".\",\"formats\":[]}]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ListItemBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"NASA\u2019s program:\",\"formats\":[{\"__typename\":\"BoldFormat\",\"type\":null}]},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\" The main customer of both missions is NASA under its Commercial Lunar Payload Services program, which hires private companies to take NASA-financed science and technology payloads to the lunar surface.\",\"formats\":[]}]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ListItemBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"Payload:\",\"formats\":[{\"__typename\":\"BoldFormat\",\"type\":null}]},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\" The main payload on Athena is a drill for NASA that will extract lunar soil to be sniffed by a mass spectrometer for frozen water and other compounds.\",\"formats\":[]}]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ListItemBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"Rovers:\",\"formats\":[{\"__typename\":\"BoldFormat\",\"type\":null}]},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\" The spacecraft is carrying much more than a drill. Also aboard is a rover the size of a small dog that will test a Nokia cellphone network on the moon, and two smaller rovers, one built by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the other by a Japanese company. Intuitive Machines will also test a rocket-powered vehicle called a hopper that could explore places not easily reached by rovers.\",\"formats\":[]}]}]}]}]},\"lastModified\":\"2025-03-06T17:00:59.299Z\",\"summary\":\"\",\"uri\":\"nyt:\\u002F\\u002Farticle\\u002Fd0c3f943-2ddd-50c2-a8ef-453ac06a39ff\",\"bylines\":[{\"__typename\":\"Byline\",\"renderedRepresentation\":\"By Kenneth Chang\",\"prefix\":\"By\",\"creators\":[{\"__ref\":\"Person:UGVyc29uOm55dDovL3BlcnNvbi8wMzBhZWVlMC03NDg0LTUwZGItYjg4My1mZDY1MWU0Yjc3NjE=\"}]}],\"firstPublished\":\"2025-03-06T14:00:34.000Z\",\"headline\":{\"__typename\":\"CreativeWorkHeadline\",\"subHeadline\":\"\",\"seo\":\"\",\"default\":\"What to know about the moon 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It has since been circling the moon at an altitude of 62 miles.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"While the spacecraft is over the far side of the moon, its main engine will fire briefly, causing it to start descending to the moon\u2019s surface. From that point on, Athena will be on its own, relying on its own software to guide it safely to the ground. At Intuitive Machines in Houston, mission controllers will only be able to watch what happens.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"The lander will coast on this elliptical orbit, heading toward a low point of 6.2 miles above the surface, for about one hour.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"Then the engine will start firing again for the final approach.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"The spacecraft will use cameras to identify craters and other landmarks on the lunar terrain, information it will use to determine its location. 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The mission is named Polar Resources Ice Mining Experiment 1, or PRIME-1. The drill is named The Regolith and Ice Drill for Exploring New Terrain, or TRIDENT.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"Near the south pole where temperatures are very cold, volatiles \u2014 chemical substances that easily change into a gas \u2014 are likely to be trapped in the soil.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"The volatiles would give clues about the origin of the solar system, and they could also provide key resources for future astronauts, including water to drink, air to breathe and rocket fuel.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"\u201cIt\u2019s going to be important to understand, on the surface of the moon and beneath the surface, where these volatiles are, exactly what they are,\u201d Joel Kearns, the deputy associate administrator for exploration in NASA\u2019s science mission directorate, said during a news conference in February.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"The drill was built by Honeybee Robotics of Altadena, Calif. It can drill to a depth of one meter.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"When penetrating through loose soil, the drill bit turns like a normal drill. But the drill also has a mode that behaves more like a jackhammer \u201cthat we can turn on whenever we hit rocks or we hit ice,\u201d Kris Zacny, vice president for exploration systems at Honeybee, said in an interview. \u201cFrozen ground is as hard as pavement and even harder.\u201d\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"The drill cuttings will be lifted out from the drill hole about four inches at a time and dumped on the lunar surface. The volatiles lurking in those cuttings, including water and carbon dioxide, will turn into gases and be detected by a mass spectrometer. \",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"The drill also has two temperature sensors. One is the located right at the drill bit. The second, along with a heater, is eight inches above the drill bit. The heater also serves as a science experiment, allowing measurements of the flow of heat between the two sensors, which could reveal how much frozen water is in the lunar dirt.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"If the soil is a good thermal conductor, heat from the heater would not change the temperature much. 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That will be closer to the moon\u2019s south pole than any previous spacecraft has landed.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"The mountain is about 60 miles wide \u2014 about the size of Delaware \u2014 and rises about 20,000 feet above the surrounding terrain. That is as tall as \",\"formats\":[]},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"Mount McKinley, the Alaska mountain also known as Denali\",\"formats\":[{\"__typename\":\"LinkFormat\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\\u002F2025\\u002F01\\u002F29\\u002Fscience\\u002Ftrump-science-advisor-michael-kratsios.html\",\"title\":\"\",\"uri\":null}]},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\". It is one of the regions under consideration for where NASA astronauts are to land on the moon during the Artemis III mission.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"Mons Mouton was officially named\",\"formats\":[{\"__typename\":\"LinkFormat\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.iau.org\\u002Fnews\\u002Fpressreleases\\u002Fdetail\\u002Fiau2301\\u002F\",\"title\":\"\",\"uri\":null}]},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\" in 2022 after Melba Mouton, an African American woman who worked as a mathematician at NASA, one of the \",\"formats\":[]},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"\u201chuman computers\u201d\",\"formats\":[{\"__typename\":\"LinkFormat\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\\u002F2016\\u002F12\\u002F26\\u002Fbooks\\u002Freview\\u002Fglass-universe-dava-sobel-hidden-figures-margot-lee-shetterly.html\",\"title\":\"\",\"uri\":null}]},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\" who calculated spacecraft trajectories before the advent of computers. When NASA started using computers, she became a programmer.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"Mons Mouton was not the originally planned landing site for Athena. In November 2021, NASA announced that the spacecraft was heading for a ridge near the 13-mile-wide Shackleton Crater. \u201cWhich was incredibly exciting for me, personally,\u201d said Mark Robinson, a planetary geologist working for Intuitive Machines.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"That was not just because of the geology, \u201cbut also from \u2014 I\u2019m not sure I should say this or not \u2014 the magnificent scenery,\u201d Dr. Robinson said. \u201cIt\u2019s a really awesome spot.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"But a delay pushed the launch from early January to late February. And now in March, the shifting direction of long shadows in the polar regions makes the Shackleton crater area \u201clighting challenged,\u201d because the approach would be in shadows, Dr. Robinson said.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"A different NASA mission \u2014 the Volatiles Investigating Polar Explore Rover, or VIPER \u2014 was supposed to land on Mons Mouton. 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moon? Another spacecraft just landed on the moon on Sunday.\",\"formats\":[]}]},\"summary\":{\"__typename\":\"SummaryBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[]},\"ledeMedia\":{\"__typename\":\"ImageBlock\",\"size\":\"LARGE\",\"media\":{\"__ref\":\"Image:SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvMmM0ODYyNWItYmFjYy01NzY2LTkwZGItMTcyYzUxZmVlMjBk\"}},\"byline\":{\"__typename\":\"BylineBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"hideHeadshots\":false,\"bylines\":[{\"__typename\":\"Byline\",\"prefix\":\"By\",\"creators\":[{\"__ref\":\"Person:UGVyc29uOm55dDovL3BlcnNvbi8wMzBhZWVlMC03NDg0LTUwZGItYjg4My1mZDY1MWU0Yjc3NjE=\"}],\"renderedRepresentation\":\"By Kenneth Chang\"}],\"role@filterEmpty\":[]},\"timestampBlock\":{\"__typename\":\"TimestampBlock\",\"timestamp\":\"2025-03-06T15:15:04.000Z\",\"align\":\"LEFT\",\"showUpdatedTimestamp\":null}},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"The Blue Ghost lander from Firefly Aerospace of Cedar Park, Texas, appeared to function nearly flawlessly, from \",\"formats\":[]},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"launch in January\",\"formats\":[{\"__typename\":\"LinkFormat\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\\u002F2025\\u002F01\\u002F14\\u002Fscience\\u002Fnasa-spacex-launch-lunar-landers.html\",\"title\":\"\",\"uri\":null}]},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\" to \",\"formats\":[]},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"landing on the moon early on Sunda\",\"formats\":[{\"__typename\":\"LinkFormat\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fwww.nytimes.com\\u002F2025\\u002F03\\u002F01\\u002Fscience\\u002Fblue-ghost-firefly-mission-1-moon-landing.html\",\"title\":\"\",\"uri\":null}]},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"y.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"That was a welcome contrast to the mixed results of the first two missions in NASA\u2019s Commercial Lunar Payload Services Program, or CLPS.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"The first, by Astrobotic Technology of Pittsburgh, was a failure, never getting close to the moon after the Peregrine spacecraft experienced a catastrophic failure in its propulsion system. The second, Intuitive Machines\u2019s Odysseus lander, had to overcome technical glitches along the way including a nonfunctioning altimeter. It landed in working condition in February last year, but tipped over.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"Since its landing, the Blue Ghost spacecraft has been sending back pictures and data from the NASA experiments it took to the moon. 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But not perfectly.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"The spacecraft was almost doomed before it even left Earth. Safety switches on laser instruments to measure the spacecraft\u2019s altitude were still enabled, making them unusable. Mission controllers did not realize that error until Odysseus was in orbit around the moon, 200,000 miles away, and there was no way to fix the problem.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"Odysseus was also carrying an experimental instrument called the Navigation Doppler Lidar, which NASA wanted to test \u2014 essentially a more sophisticated instrument with three laser beams that measure not just altitude but the velocity of the spacecraft during its descent.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"Engineers at Intuitive Machines hurriedly patched Odysseus\u2019 software to substitute the NASA instrument. They got that done in time \u2014 except they forgot to update one parameter in the computer code, and the navigation software ignored the altitude data.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"Amazingly, Odysseus was still able to land using just estimates of the altitude, but the estimates were not perfect.\",\"formats\":[]}]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"text\":\"When it touched the ground, the lander was descending faster than expected and still moving sideways at two miles per hour, when the motion should have been perfectly vertical. 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