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When we have confirmed access, the full article content will load.<\/div><\/div><section name=\"articleBody\" class=\"meteredContent css-yw67de\"><div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\" data-testid=\"companionColumn-0\"><div class=\"css-53u6y8\"><h2 class=\"css-11rezm5 eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-5b854369\"><br\/><br\/><br\/>In the United States, 1 in 3 households has a pet cat.<\/h2><div data-testid=\"imageblock-wrapper\"><figure class=\"img-sz-small css-lt5b41 e1g7ppur0\" aria-label=\"media\" role=\"group\"><div class=\"css-zgakxe erfvjey0\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children-figure\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Image<\/span><div class=\"css-nwd8t8\" data-testid=\"lazy-image\"><div data-testid=\"lazyimage-container\" style=\"height:580px\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption data-testid=\"photoviewer-children-caption\" class=\"css-13ytnnu ewdxa0s0\"><span class=\"css-14fe1uy e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit...<\/span><span><span aria-hidden=\"false\">Caroline Gutman for The New York Times<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><h2 class=\"css-11rezm5 eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-1db282b9\"><br\/><br\/><br\/><br\/><br\/><br\/><br\/><br\/><br\/><br\/>But many aspects of feline health remain a mystery, even to experts.<\/h2><div data-testid=\"imageblock-wrapper\"><figure class=\"img-sz-small css-lt5b41 e1g7ppur0\" aria-label=\"media\" role=\"group\"><div class=\"css-zgakxe erfvjey0\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children-figure\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Image<\/span><div class=\"css-nwd8t8\" data-testid=\"lazy-image\"><div data-testid=\"lazyimage-container\" style=\"height:580px\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption data-testid=\"photoviewer-children-caption\" class=\"css-13ytnnu ewdxa0s0\"><span class=\"css-14fe1uy e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit...<\/span><span><span aria-hidden=\"false\">Octavio Jones for The New York Times<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><h2 class=\"css-11rezm5 eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-29366569\"><br\/><br\/><br\/><br\/><br\/><br\/><br\/><br\/><br\/><br\/>And when one of our kittens became critically ill last year, no one could explain why.<\/h2><div data-testid=\"imageblock-wrapper\"><figure class=\"img-sz-small css-lt5b41 e1g7ppur0\" aria-label=\"media\" role=\"group\"><div class=\"css-zgakxe erfvjey0\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children-figure\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Image<\/span><div class=\"css-nwd8t8\" data-testid=\"lazy-image\"><div data-testid=\"lazyimage-container\" style=\"height:580px\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><figcaption data-testid=\"photoviewer-children-caption\" class=\"css-13ytnnu ewdxa0s0\"><span class=\"css-14fe1uy e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit...<\/span><span><span aria-hidden=\"false\">Emily Anthes\/The New York Times<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\"><br\/><br\/><br\/><br\/><br\/><br\/><br\/><\/p><p class=\"css-1lsv4am e6idgb70\">pet theory<br\/><br\/><\/p><div class=\"css-1vkm6nb ehdk2mb0\"><h1 id=\"link-129ea5bd\" class=\"css-1ebc1nn e1h9rw200\" data-testid=\"headline\">Why Are Cats Such a Medical Black Box?<br\/><\/h1><\/div><div class=\"css-zera2v\"><div class=\"css-p6m5rf\"><div class=\"byline-container css-15ch0vu epjyd6m2\"><div class=\"css-233int epjyd6m1\"><p class=\"css-4anu6l e1jsehar1\"><span class=\"byline-prefix\">By <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/emily-anthes\" class=\"last-byline css-ojhyzr e1jsehar0\" itemProp=\"name\">Emily Anthes<\/a><\/p><div class=\"css-1gqes1i epjyd6m0\"><div id=\"enhanced-byline\" class=\"css-8atqhb\"><p class=\"css-1hyokyd e1wtpvyy0\">Emily Anthes is a science reporter who writes Pet Theory, a column about our creature companions.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><time class=\"ep4cyha0 css-qtrd2v e16638kd0\" dateTime=\"2025-03-11T03:00:09-04:00\">March 11, 2025<\/time><hr class=\"css-7ad88g e1mu4ftr0\"\/><p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">When my husband and I took our cat to the vet early last year, we were hoping to hear that we had nothing to worry about. Olive, a longhaired tortoiseshell kitten who had been the runt of her litter, was naturally quiet and skittish, prone to hiding in closets and napping behind the shower curtain. That made her hard to read \u2014 and sometimes simply to find.<\/p><p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">But days earlier, we had started wondering whether she might be sick. Did she seem even more reserved than usual? It was hard to say, but we decided to ask her vet just to be safe. The vet immediately noticed that Olive\u2019s gums were pale and that her heart was racing. A quick blood test revealed that she was severely anemic, with a blood-cell volume so low, the vet said, it was \u201cincompatible with life.\u201d<\/p><p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">So began a monthslong ordeal featuring repeated visits to the veterinary I.C.U., more than a dozen blood transfusions and few solid answers.<\/p><p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">\u201cCats have been so understudied,\u201d said Elinor Karlsson, a geneticist at UMass Chan Medical School and the Broad Institute. \u201cThey\u2019re going to remain a black box unless something changes on the research side.\u201d<\/p><p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\"><\/p><h2 class=\"css-13o6u42 eoo0vm40\" id=\"link-d45f77d\">Dogs as the default<\/h2><\/div><aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\" aria-label=\"companion column\"><\/aside><\/div><div data-testid=\"ImageBlock-1\"><div data-testid=\"imageblock-wrapper\"><figure class=\"img-sz-medium css-d754w4 e1g7ppur0\" aria-label=\"media\" role=\"group\"><div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children-figure\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Image<\/span><picture><source media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 3dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 288dpi)\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/11\/multimedia\/11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-03-mcjv\/11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-03-mcjv-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1800\"\/><source media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 2dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/11\/multimedia\/11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-03-mcjv\/11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-03-mcjv-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1200\"\/><source media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 1dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 96dpi)\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/11\/multimedia\/11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-03-mcjv\/11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-03-mcjv-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=600\"\/><img alt=\"A small, white, scruffy dog in a veterinary hospital is prepared for treatment.\" class=\"css-r3fift\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/11\/multimedia\/11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-03-mcjv\/11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-03-mcjv-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" srcSet=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/11\/multimedia\/11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-03-mcjv\/11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-03-mcjv-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 600w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/11\/multimedia\/11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-03-mcjv\/11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-03-mcjv-jumbo.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 1024w,https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2025\/03\/11\/multimedia\/11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-03-mcjv\/11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-03-mcjv-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" sizes=\"((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" uri=\"nyt:\/\/image\/6bd3d495-6722-5b0e-bcd2-a598640a7954\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\"\/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption data-testid=\"photoviewer-children-caption\" class=\"css-gbc9ki ewdxa0s0\"><span class=\"css-jevhma e13ogyst0\">\u201cIt\u2019s not reasonable to assume that everything that works in a dog will work in a cat,\u201d said Dr. Bruce Kornreich, who directs the Cornell Feline Health Center. \u201cThere\u2019s a lot that we still need to learn.\u201d<\/span><span class=\"css-14fe1uy e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit...<\/span><span><span aria-hidden=\"false\">Octavio Jones for The New York Times<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div><div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\" data-testid=\"companionColumn-1\"><div class=\"css-53u6y8\"><p class=\"css-at9mc1 evys1bk0\">Over the last few decades, veterinary medicine has made enormous strides, allowing pets like Olive to receive highly advanced care. 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not reasonable to assume that everything that works in a dog will work in a cat,\u201d said Dr. Bruce Kornreich, who directs the Cornell Feline Health Center. \u201cThere\u2019s a lot that we still need to learn.\u201d\",\"timesTags\":[],\"uri\":\"nyt:\\u002F\\u002Fimage\\u002F6bd3d495-6722-5b0e-bcd2-a598640a7954\",\"url\":\"\\u002Fimagepages\\u002F2025\\u002F03\\u002F11\\u002Fmultimedia\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-03-mcjv.html\"},\"size\":\"MEDIUM\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":true,\"index\":4},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"Over the last few decades, veterinary medicine has made enormous strides, allowing pets like Olive to receive highly advanced care. But feline medicine has lagged behind its canine counterpart, and it is not always easy to provide evidence-based medicine for cats. \u201cIt\u2019s still considered a bit of a niche interest,\u201d said Dr. Karen Perry, a veterinary orthopedic surgeon with a focus on feline health at Michigan State University.\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":false,\"index\":5},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"Historically, many veterinarians essentially treated cats as small dogs, borrowing tests and treatments developed for canine patients to care for feline ones. Even in veterinary school, where students train for all sorts of specialties, dogs have long been the default.\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":false,\"index\":6},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"\u201cMy anatomy book was \u2018Anatomy of the Dog,\u2019\u201d said Dr. Maggie Placer, the veterinary science programs manager at EveryCat Health Foundation. \u201cWe had PowerPoints and supplements for the cats.\u201d\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":true,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":true,\"adsHybrid\":true,\"adsMobile\":true,\"adsMobileHoldout\":true,\"bad\":false,\"index\":7},{\"__typename\":\"UnstructuredBlock\",\"data\":\"{\\\"type\\\":\\\"ExperimentalBlock_AdHint\\\",\\\"content\\\":[],\\\"formats\\\":[],\\\"isUnstructured\\\":true}\",\"dataType\":\"ExperimentalBlock_AdHint\",\"mediaRefs\":[]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"Over time, however, it has become increasingly clear that what works for Rover may be worthless, or worse, for Tigger. Dogs and cats metabolize drugs differently, for instance, and some common canine drugs are toxic in cats. \u201cIt\u2019s not reasonable to assume that everything that works in a dog will work in a cat,\u201d said Dr. Bruce Kornreich, who directs the Cornell Feline Health Center. \u201cThere\u2019s a lot that we still need to learn.\u201d\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":false,\"index\":8},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"On some level, the longstanding focus on dogs was practical. Studies \"},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[{\"__typename\":\"LinkFormat\",\"title\":\"\",\"uri\":null,\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\\u002Farticles\\u002FPMC7143178\\u002F#B1-animals-10-00483\"}],\"text\":\"have shown\"},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\" \"},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[{\"__typename\":\"LinkFormat\",\"title\":\"\",\"uri\":null,\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Favmajournals.avma.org\\u002Fview\\u002Fjournals\\u002Fjavma\\u002F232\\u002F4\\u002Fjavma.232.4.531.xml\"}],\"text\":\"that pet owners\"},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\" take dogs to the vet more often than they take cats.\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":false,\"index\":9},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"Is that because society simply places less value on the lives of cats than on dogs? Cats, after all, are far less likely to be working animals, and they\u2019re generally viewed as more independent and less sociable than dogs. \u201cMaybe there are biases against cats,\u201d Dr. Kornreich said.\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":false,\"index\":10},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"As a dog person who married a cat person and now has pets of both kinds, I do think that cats (and the people who keep them) tend to be derided or dismissed in ways that dogs aren\u2019t. But I don\u2019t think that fully explains why doting pet owners are less likely to seek care for their feline charges.\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":false,\"index\":11},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"Over the years, my husband and I have gone to great lengths to help all of our ailing pets. But taking the cats to the vet was absolutely more stressful, for them and for us, than taking the dogs. And the cats simply didn\u2019t seem to need as much medical care. \"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":true,\"index\":12},{\"__typename\":\"ImageBlock\",\"media\":{\"__typename\":\"Image\",\"altText\":\"Two cats play on and between the gray cushions of a couch.\",\"caption\":{\"__typename\":\"TextOnlyDocumentBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"The author\u2019s cats: Olive, right, with her littermate, Juniper.\"}]}],\"text\":\"The author\u2019s cats: Olive, right, with her littermate, Juniper.\"},\"credit\":\"Emily Anthes\\u002FThe New York Times\",\"crops\":[{\"__typename\":\"ImageCrop\",\"renditions\":[{\"__typename\":\"ImageRendition\",\"height\":400,\"name\":\"articleLarge\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\\u002Fimages\\u002F2025\\u002F03\\u002F11\\u002Fmultimedia\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-04-tcpm\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-04-tcpm-articleLarge.jpg\",\"width\":600},{\"__typename\":\"ImageRendition\",\"height\":433,\"name\":\"popup\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\\u002Fimages\\u002F2025\\u002F03\\u002F11\\u002Fmultimedia\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-04-tcpm\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-04-tcpm-popup.jpg\",\"width\":650},{\"__typename\":\"ImageRendition\",\"height\":683,\"name\":\"jumbo\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\\u002Fimages\\u002F2025\\u002F03\\u002F11\\u002Fmultimedia\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-04-tcpm\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-04-tcpm-jumbo.jpg\",\"width\":1024},{\"__typename\":\"ImageRendition\",\"height\":1365,\"name\":\"superJumbo\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\\u002Fimages\\u002F2025\\u002F03\\u002F11\\u002Fmultimedia\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-04-tcpm\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-04-tcpm-superJumbo.jpg\",\"width\":2048}]},{\"__typename\":\"ImageCrop\",\"renditions\":[{\"__typename\":\"ImageRendition\",\"height\":150,\"name\":\"thumbLarge\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\\u002Fimages\\u002F2025\\u002F03\\u002F11\\u002Fmultimedia\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-04-tcpm\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-04-tcpm-thumbLarge.jpg\",\"width\":150}]},{\"__typename\":\"ImageCrop\",\"renditions\":[{\"__typename\":\"ImageRendition\",\"height\":127,\"name\":\"articleInline\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\\u002Fimages\\u002F2025\\u002F03\\u002F11\\u002Fmultimedia\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-04-tcpm\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-04-tcpm-articleInline.jpg\",\"width\":190}]},{\"__typename\":\"ImageCrop\",\"renditions\":[{\"__typename\":\"ImageRendition\",\"height\":1800,\"name\":\"mobileMasterAt3x\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\\u002Fimages\\u002F2025\\u002F03\\u002F11\\u002Fmultimedia\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-04-tcpm\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-04-tcpm-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg\",\"width\":1800}]}],\"id\":\"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvODQ1MzI0ZTEtMzE5YS01NDJlLTk4YTYtMmIzMjRiZjBiMzQ2\",\"imageType\":\"photo\",\"legacyHtmlCaption\":\"The author\u2019s cats: Olive, right, with her littermate, Juniper.\",\"timesTags\":[],\"uri\":\"nyt:\\u002F\\u002Fimage\\u002F845324e1-319a-542e-98a6-2b324bf0b346\",\"url\":\"\\u002Fimagepages\\u002F2025\\u002F03\\u002F11\\u002Fmultimedia\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-04-tcpm.html\"},\"size\":\"MEDIUM\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":true,\"index\":13},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"Maybe that was a true reflection of reality. Our dogs regularly romped through Prospect Park in Brooklyn, swapped germs with playmates and scarfed down rogue chicken bones, while our cats lived cosseted, indoor lives.\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":false,\"index\":14},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"Now I suspect that we may have missed signs of illness in our cats. I had worried that we were overreacting when we took Olive to the vet for seeming maybe, slightly, sort of not herself. In fact, she was critically ill.\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":false,\"index\":15},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"Indeed, cats are talented at masking their symptoms, which may also present differently from those in dogs, experts told me. Arthritic dogs often develop noticeable limps, which are easily spotted on walks, while many arthritic cats show no obvious signs of lameness, Dr. Perry said. They might just jump onto the couch less often or seem crankier when being handled.\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":false,\"index\":16},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"\u201cGiven that cats are sleeping so many hours a day, and owners are generally only around them for a few of those hours, it\u2019s much easier to not realize that your cat is gradually changing over time,\u201d Dr. Perry said.\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":false,\"index\":17},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"In retrospect, it seemed likely that Olive had been quietly declining for weeks.\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"Eventually, vets concluded that her immune system was destroying her red blood cells. But they couldn\u2019t say what had triggered it or find a medication that helped. Finally, as something of a last resort, an internist suggested that we could consider removing Olive\u2019s enormous spleen, which was probably where her red blood cells were being destroyed.\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":false,\"index\":18},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"I emailed another veterinarian for a second opinion. \u201cSplenectomy is not the worst option,\u201d she wrote back, noting that it was an established treatment for human patients with similar conditions. \u201cWe just don\u2019t have data in vet med,\u201d she added, \u201cespecially in cats.\u201d\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":false,\"index\":19},{\"__typename\":\"Heading2Block\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"Getting curious about cats\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"ImageBlock\",\"media\":{\"__typename\":\"Image\",\"altText\":\"A cat is held by a researcher, who swabs its eyes. The cat looks nonplused. \",\"caption\":{\"__typename\":\"TextOnlyDocumentBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"\u201cCats have been so understudied,\u201d said Elinor Karlsson, a geneticist at UMass Chan Medical School and the Broad Institute. \u201cThey\u2019re going to remain a black box unless something changes on the research side.\u201d\"}]}],\"text\":\"\u201cCats have been so understudied,\u201d said Elinor Karlsson, a geneticist at UMass Chan Medical School and the Broad Institute. \u201cThey\u2019re going to remain a black box unless something changes on the research side.\u201d\"},\"credit\":\"Sergio Flores for The New York Times\",\"crops\":[{\"__typename\":\"ImageCrop\",\"renditions\":[{\"__typename\":\"ImageRendition\",\"height\":400,\"name\":\"articleLarge\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\\u002Fimages\\u002F2025\\u002F03\\u002F11\\u002Fmultimedia\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-new-02b-qvmp\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-new-02b-qvmp-articleLarge.jpg\",\"width\":600},{\"__typename\":\"ImageRendition\",\"height\":433,\"name\":\"popup\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\\u002Fimages\\u002F2025\\u002F03\\u002F11\\u002Fmultimedia\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-new-02b-qvmp\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-new-02b-qvmp-popup.jpg\",\"width\":650},{\"__typename\":\"ImageRendition\",\"height\":682,\"name\":\"jumbo\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\\u002Fimages\\u002F2025\\u002F03\\u002F11\\u002Fmultimedia\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-new-02b-qvmp\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-new-02b-qvmp-jumbo.jpg\",\"width\":1024},{\"__typename\":\"ImageRendition\",\"height\":1364,\"name\":\"superJumbo\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\\u002Fimages\\u002F2025\\u002F03\\u002F11\\u002Fmultimedia\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-new-02b-qvmp\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-new-02b-qvmp-superJumbo.jpg\",\"width\":2048}]},{\"__typename\":\"ImageCrop\",\"renditions\":[{\"__typename\":\"ImageRendition\",\"height\":150,\"name\":\"thumbLarge\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\\u002Fimages\\u002F2025\\u002F03\\u002F11\\u002Fmultimedia\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-new-02b-qvmp\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-new-02b-qvmp-thumbLarge.jpg\",\"width\":150}]},{\"__typename\":\"ImageCrop\",\"renditions\":[{\"__typename\":\"ImageRendition\",\"height\":127,\"name\":\"articleInline\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\\u002Fimages\\u002F2025\\u002F03\\u002F11\\u002Fmultimedia\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-new-02b-qvmp\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-new-02b-qvmp-articleInline.jpg\",\"width\":190}]},{\"__typename\":\"ImageCrop\",\"renditions\":[{\"__typename\":\"ImageRendition\",\"height\":1798,\"name\":\"mobileMasterAt3x\",\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fstatic01.nyt.com\\u002Fimages\\u002F2025\\u002F03\\u002F11\\u002Fmultimedia\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-new-02b-qvmp\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-new-02b-qvmp-mobileMasterAt3x.jpg\",\"width\":1800}]}],\"id\":\"SW1hZ2U6bnl0Oi8vaW1hZ2UvMzFmMzAwNTEtZjVmOC01MGRmLWE5YjMtYTVhNzlkMDU4ZDI2\",\"imageType\":\"photo\",\"legacyHtmlCaption\":\"&ldquo;Cats have been so understudied,&rdquo; said Elinor Karlsson, a geneticist at UMass Chan Medical School and the Broad Institute. &ldquo;They&rsquo;re going to remain a black box unless something changes on the research side.&rdquo;\",\"timesTags\":[],\"uri\":\"nyt:\\u002F\\u002Fimage\\u002F31f30051-f5f8-50df-a9b3-a5a79d058d26\",\"url\":\"\\u002Fimagepages\\u002F2025\\u002F03\\u002F11\\u002Fmultimedia\\u002F11SCI-PETTHEORY-CATMED-new-02b-qvmp.html\"},\"size\":\"MEDIUM\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":true,\"index\":20},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"The situation does seem to be improving, albeit slowly, experts said. Some vet schools are increasing their investment in feline health, and clinicians are trying to build stress-reducing, feline-friendly practices. And more scientists are probing the genetic and environmental causes of diseases in cats.\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":false,\"index\":21},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"Dr. Karlsson has become known for her research on the dog genome, but she has always been a cat person at heart. Last year, she unveiled \"},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[{\"__typename\":\"LinkFormat\",\"title\":\"\",\"uri\":null,\"url\":\"https:\\u002F\\u002Fcats.darwinsark.org\\u002F\"}],\"text\":\"Darwin\u2019s Cats\"},{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\", a global community science project that aims to learn more about the genetic underpinnings of feline health and behavior.\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":false,\"index\":22},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"Focusing on cats did require some tweaks to the DNA collection process: Unlike dogs, cats tend to be highly reluctant saliva donors. Dr. Karlsson and her colleagues have been investigating whether they could sequence a cat\u2019s genome using just a few strands of fur collected by a comb. So far, Dr. Karlsson said in an email, \u201cthe fur sequencing is working beautifully, and both the owners and the cats vastly prefer it!\u201d The resulting data could pave the way for a better understanding of how cats\u2019 bodies work and what to do when things go haywire.\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":true,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":true,\"adsHybrid\":true,\"adsMobile\":true,\"adsMobileHoldout\":true,\"bad\":false,\"index\":23},{\"__typename\":\"UnstructuredBlock\",\"data\":\"{\\\"type\\\":\\\"ExperimentalBlock_AdHint\\\",\\\"content\\\":[],\\\"formats\\\":[],\\\"isUnstructured\\\":true}\",\"dataType\":\"ExperimentalBlock_AdHint\",\"mediaRefs\":[]},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"Dr. Karlsson had firsthand experience with feline medical mysteries. Nearly a decade ago, she had a kitten who died after developing a rare autoimmune condition that caused anemia. Dr. Karlsson still has the kitten\u2019s littermate, Lacey, who has some severe environmental allergies.\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":false,\"index\":24},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"\u201cI\u2019ve always wondered if they both might have inherited a predisposition to immune disorders,\u201d Dr. Karlsson said. \u201cThe vets can\u2019t really say much because there is so little information.\u201d\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":false,\"index\":25},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"Her story turned out to be eerily similar to our own. Olive, too, died just a few months after first falling ill. We never had the chance to weigh the pros and cons of an untested surgery. And we had no real explanation for Olive\u2019s decline.\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":false,\"index\":26},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"But we did have Olive\u2019s littermate, Juniper, who seemed healthy and vigorous, although she, too, seemed to have environmental allergies. We jumped at the chance to enroll her in Darwin\u2019s Cats.\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":false,\"index\":27},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"We also had a little clump of Olive\u2019s fur. A veterinarian had put it in a tiny glass jar after Olive died and given it to us as a keepsake. At the time, I hadn\u2019t known what to do with it or whether I even wanted to keep it. But I was too emotionally drained to protest and tucked it away in a drawer.\"}],\"textAlign\":\"LEFT\"},{\"__typename\":\"Dropzone\",\"adsDesktop\":false,\"adsDesktopHoldout\":false,\"adsHybrid\":false,\"adsMobile\":false,\"adsMobileHoldout\":false,\"bad\":false,\"index\":28},{\"__typename\":\"ParagraphBlock\",\"content\":[{\"__typename\":\"TextInline\",\"formats\":[],\"text\":\"Months later, I learned that Dr. Karlsson\u2019s team was trying to extract DNA from feline fur samples, and I knew where the jar belonged. In October, I handed it over to the researchers. There was a good chance Olive\u2019s fur would never yield anything interesting or, perhaps, even usable. 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